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MPPU 1034: Applica0on of Sta0s0c in Educa0onal Research CENTRAL TENDENCY & VARIABILITY Norazrena Abu Samah Faculty of Educa0on

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Page 1: MPPU$1034:$Applica0on$of$Sta0s0c$in$ Educa0onal$Research$ocw.utm.my/.../0/_OCW_Chapter_3_4_-_Central_Tendency_and_Variab… · CentralTendency$ Mode% The%most frequencies Nominal%Scale%

MPPU  1034:  Applica0on  of  Sta0s0c  in  Educa0onal  Research  

CENTRAL  TENDENCY  &  VARIABILITY  

 Norazrena  Abu  Samah  Faculty  of  Educa0on  

Page 2: MPPU$1034:$Applica0on$of$Sta0s0c$in$ Educa0onal$Research$ocw.utm.my/.../0/_OCW_Chapter_3_4_-_Central_Tendency_and_Variab… · CentralTendency$ Mode% The%most frequencies Nominal%Scale%

Central  Tendency  Mode  

The  most  frequencies  

Nominal  Scale  

Ordinal  Scale  

Interval  Scale  

Ra:o  Scale  

Median  

Midpoint  

Ordinal  Scale  

Interval  Scale  

Ra:o  Scale  

Mean  

The  average  

The  balance  point  

Interval  Scale  

Ra:o  Scale  

Page 3: MPPU$1034:$Applica0on$of$Sta0s0c$in$ Educa0onal$Research$ocw.utm.my/.../0/_OCW_Chapter_3_4_-_Central_Tendency_and_Variab… · CentralTendency$ Mode% The%most frequencies Nominal%Scale%

Central  Tendency  

                 

Mode?  Median?  Mean?  

Page 4: MPPU$1034:$Applica0on$of$Sta0s0c$in$ Educa0onal$Research$ocw.utm.my/.../0/_OCW_Chapter_3_4_-_Central_Tendency_and_Variab… · CentralTendency$ Mode% The%most frequencies Nominal%Scale%

Central  Tendency                    

What  can  you  say  about  score  X  =  4.5?  

x   f   fx  1   1   1  2   2   4  3   1   3  4   5   20  5   1   5  

N  =  10   ∑X  =  33  

Page 5: MPPU$1034:$Applica0on$of$Sta0s0c$in$ Educa0onal$Research$ocw.utm.my/.../0/_OCW_Chapter_3_4_-_Central_Tendency_and_Variab… · CentralTendency$ Mode% The%most frequencies Nominal%Scale%

Effects  of  Skewness  Upon  Rela0ve  Loca0ons  of  Mean,  Mode  and  Median  

Zero  skew  

Posi0ve  skew  Nega0ve  skew  

Mean  Median  Mode  

Mode          Mean  Median  

Mean          Mode  Median  

Page 6: MPPU$1034:$Applica0on$of$Sta0s0c$in$ Educa0onal$Research$ocw.utm.my/.../0/_OCW_Chapter_3_4_-_Central_Tendency_and_Variab… · CentralTendency$ Mode% The%most frequencies Nominal%Scale%

Central  Tendency  Sketch  and  name  the  shape  of:  

 Mode  =  12  Median  =  10  Mean  =  7  

 

 Mode  =  6  Median  =  7  Mean  =  13  

 

 Mode  =  7  Median  =  7  Mean  =  7  

 

 Mode  =  5,  9  Median  =  7  Mean  =  8  

 

 Mode  =  5  

Median  =  10  Mean  =  11  

 

 Mode  =  15  Median  =  10  Mean  =  9  

 

Page 7: MPPU$1034:$Applica0on$of$Sta0s0c$in$ Educa0onal$Research$ocw.utm.my/.../0/_OCW_Chapter_3_4_-_Central_Tendency_and_Variab… · CentralTendency$ Mode% The%most frequencies Nominal%Scale%

Variability  §  Variability  is  to  measure  of  how  spread  out  the  scores  are  in  a  

distribu:on.      §  Variability  consists  of  range,  interquar:le  range,  standard  

devia:on  and  variance.      

Page 8: MPPU$1034:$Applica0on$of$Sta0s0c$in$ Educa0onal$Research$ocw.utm.my/.../0/_OCW_Chapter_3_4_-_Central_Tendency_and_Variab… · CentralTendency$ Mode% The%most frequencies Nominal%Scale%

Variability:  Range  

§  The  range  is  the  total  distance  covered  by  the  distribu:on.  §  For  raw  data,  range  is  from  the  highest  score  to  the  lowest  

score.  §  For  grouped  data,  range  is  from  the  most  upper  real  limit  to  

the  lowest  real  limit  of  scores.  

Page 9: MPPU$1034:$Applica0on$of$Sta0s0c$in$ Educa0onal$Research$ocw.utm.my/.../0/_OCW_Chapter_3_4_-_Central_Tendency_and_Variab… · CentralTendency$ Mode% The%most frequencies Nominal%Scale%

Variability:  Interquar0le  Range  

§  The  interquar:le  range  is  the  distance  covered  by  the  middle  50%  of  the  distribu:on.  

§  Interquar:le  range  is  measured  by  the  difference  between  the  first  quar:le,  Q1  and  the  third  quar:le,  Q3.    

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Variability:  Standard  Devia0on  and  Variance  

§  Standard  devia:on  measures  the  standard  distance  between  a  score  and  the  mean.      

§  Standard  devia:on  is  the  square  root  of  variance  §  Variance  measures  the  squared  devia:on  of  a  score  from  its  

mean.  §  The  formula  for  variance  is:  

                                   OR  σ 2 =

X 2 −X∑( )

2

N∑N

s2 =x2 −

x∑( )2

n∑n−1

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Central  Tendency  &  Variability                

Find  the  mean,  mode,  median,  range,  interquar0le  range,  variance  and  standard  devia0on  for  the  sample.  

What  can  you  say  about  score  X  =  3.2?  

x   f  1   2  2   4  3   5  4   3  5   4  6   2  

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Central  Tendency  &  Variability  A  student  got:  1.  70  marks  in  Mathema:cs,  where  the  mean  is  80  marks  and  

standard  devia:on  is  5  marks.  2.  60  marks  in  Science,  where  the  mean  is  55  marks  and  

standard  devia:on  is  3  marks.  Which  score  is  be^er?  Why  do  you  say  so?    

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