mps system

7/31/2019 Mps System

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MONONUCLEAR

PHAGOCYTIC

SYSTEM

BYTathagata Bhattacharjee

2nd year P.G. student


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On December 11 1908, Elie Metchnikoff and Paul

Ehrlich were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in

recognition of their pioneering work on

immunity.


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DEFINITION

The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) isdefined as a population of cells derived fromprogenitor cells in the bone marrow, whichdifferentiate to form blood monocytes,circulate in the blood, and then enter tissuesto become resident tissue macrophages.


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DIFFERENT NAMES

Reticuloendothelial system

Tissue macrophage system

Mononuclear phagocytic system


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CELLS OF MPS

Monocyte of blood-

Histiocytes of connective tissue-


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CELLS OF MPS

Littoralcells-

Microglial cells-


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CELLS OF MPS

Macrophages in pleura-

Dendritic cells of epidermis-


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MONOCYTE MACROPHAGE LINEAGE


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ORIGIN OF

MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES

THREE-MODEL


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HIERARCHICAL MODEL

Hematopoietic stem cells

Common myeloid precursor common lymphoid precursor

Precursors of megakaryocytes, precursors for T & B cells & NK cells

erythrocytes,granulocytes &

monocytes/macrophages

monoblast promonocyte monocyte


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STOCHASTIC MODEL

Hematopoietic precursors is stochastic, inthat it can occur at any time.


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SEQUENTIAL MODEL

Hematopoietic stem cells progressivelyexpress the potential for megakaryocyte,erethrocyte, granulocyte,monocyte,B cell, Tcell, NK cell development.


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GENETIC CONTROL

Differentiation of MPS is controlled by-

specific growth factor CSF-1,it binds to its

cell surface receptor CSF-1R,that isencoded by csf1r gene or c-fms proto

oncogene for cell receptor.

Expression of csf1r gene is dependent on theexpression of PU.1 transcription factor.


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MACROPHAGES

End stage product of monocytes that enterthe tissue from the blood.

Activated by immune system.


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DISTRIBUTION

Endothelial lining of vascular & lymphchannel.

Connective tissue & some organs.


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CLASSIFICATION

Fixed reticuloendothelial cells.

Wandering reticuloendothelial cells.


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FIXED RETICULOENDOTHELIALCELLS- TISSUE MACROPHAGES


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FIXED MACROPHAGES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Reticuloendothelial cells of connective tissue& in serous membranes like pleura, omentum& mesentery.


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ENDOTHELIUM OF BLOOD SINUSOIDS

The endothelium of the blood sinusoid,bonemarrow,liver,spleen,lymphnodes,adrenal glands & pituitary glands. eg.Kupffers cells.


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RETICULUM

Reticulum of spleen, lymphnode & bonemarrow.


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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Meningiocytes of meninges and microglia.


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LUNG

Tissue macrophages are present in the alveoliof lungs.


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SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE


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WANDERING

RETICULOENDOTHELIAL CELLS

-FREE HISTIOCYTES


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FREE HISTIOCYTES OF BLOOD

Monocytes,which become macrophages &

migrate to the site of injury or infection.


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FREE HISTIOCYTES OF SOLID TISSUE

During emergency,the fixed histiocytes fromconnective tissue & other organs becomewandering cells & enter the circulation


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FUNCTIONS


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PHAGOCYTIC FUNCTION

Macrophages

The antigens liberated by macrophages

activate the B lymphocytes & helper Tlymphocytes.


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SECRETION OF TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR

Secrete TNF -alpha ,TNF beta.

TNF-alpha----necrosis of tumor & activateimmune system.

TNF-beta-----stimulate immune system &vascular response in addition.


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SECRETION OF PDGF

PDGF accelerates repair of damaged bloodvessel & wound healing.


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REMOVAL OF CARBON PARTICLE &

SILICONE

Macrophages ingest the substances.


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DESTRUCTION OF SENILE RBC

Reticuloendothelial cells those in spleen.


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DESTRUCTION OF HEMOGLOBIN


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HEMOPOIETIC FUNCTION

Anti hematopoietic related antibody-ERHR3


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IMMUNO BIOLOGIC FUNCTION OF

MACROPHAGES Locomotion and chemotaxis

Ingestion and killing of microorganisms andclearance of cellular debris

Antitumor activity

Control of granulopoiesis

Immune reactions


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ROLE IN IMMUNE REACTION

Antigen presentation to T cells

Intermediate role in the passage of signals toand from

lymphocyte subclasses

Interactions with B cells

Secretion of soluble factors Maintenance of lymphocyte viability and

differentiation


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ROLE IN IMMUNE REACTION

Recruitment into inflammatory

reaction of delayed

hypersensitivity Secretion of soluble factors

Phagocytic and biochemicalreactions as a consequence ofactivation


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DISEASE STATES-

MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE CELL LINE

mild blood monocytosis-Infectious,inflammatoryor collagen vascular diseases.

neoplastic proliferation of histiocytes monocytic leukemia, malignant histiocytosis.

histiocytic proliferation of unknown origin -sarcoidosis, granulomatous vasculites and

Wegener granulomatosis.


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reactive proliferation secondary to infection-(tuberculosis), or chemical exposure(beryllium and zirconium salts)

DISEASE STATES-

MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE CELL LINE


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MONOCYTE MACROPHAGE DYSFUNCTION

SYNDROME

Neoplasia - Chemotaxis

Chediak-Higashi syndrome -Abnormal degranulation

Chronic granulomatous disease -Abnormal oxygen metabolism

Hodgkin disease-

Neoplastic proliferation of macrophages


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MONOCYTE MACROPHAGE DYSFUNCTION

SYNDROME

Miliary tuberculosis- Suppressor monocytes

Lepromatous leprosy- Suppressor monocytes

Disseminated fungal infection-

Chemotaxis, Suppressor monocytes

Glucocorticoid treatment-

Chemotaxis,Microbialkilling


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IMMUNE MEDIATED THROMBOCYTOPENIA

Mechanism- antibody/complement coatedplatelet can also be removed bymononuclear phagocytic system.

Storage disorders

monogenetic defects of lysosomallipoprotein metabolism are associated withcomplex alterations of mononuclearphagocyte differentiation and extravasation.


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MPS DISORDER IN AIDS

Impaired in vivo Fc receptor-specificclearance.

The in vivo function of macrophage C3receptors was also found to be abnormal.

The antibody-dependent cell-mediatedcytotoxicity of circulating mononuclear cellswas significantly lower in AIDS patients thanin healthy controls.


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MPS DISORDER IN CARDIOVASCULAR

DISEASE

Pleckstrin is an intriguing signaling protein thatis only found in haematopoietic cells of lymphoidand myeloid origins where it is expressed at high

levels.

Defects in pleckstrin phosphorylation have been

directly linked to cardiovascular disease


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MPS DISORDER IN DIABETES

the level of pleckstrin phosphorylation inmononuclear phagocytes of poorly controlleddiabetics is greatly elevated.


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MPS DISORDER IN ALZIMER DISEASEInteraction of CCL2, with its receptor CCR2 regulates

mononuclear phagocyte accumulation . ( CCL2- A majormonocyte chemokine)

Monocytes accumulate at sites of Abeta deposition in

an initial attempt to clear these deposits and stop ordelay their neurotoxic effects.

CCR2 deficiency leads to lower mononuclear

phagocyte accumulation .

Higher brain Abeta levels


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MPS DISORDER IN MALIGNANCY

Cell maturation- closed packed surfacemicrovilli is less in hodgkins & non hodgkinslymphoma.

Migration & chemotaxis-

disseminated carcinoma localised carcinoma

fewer macrophages increased monocyte

mobilisation


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Phagocytosis,cytotoxicity-

Increased phagocytic activity inmonocyte/macrophages--- untreatedhodgkins disease.

decreased phagocytic activity---stage iii &iv

hodgkins disease


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Disorder in lysozyme secretion-

raised serum lysozymeneoplastic disorder.

enhanced lysozyme secretionfavourableclinical condition.

depressed lysozyme secretion--- poorerprognosis.


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Macrophages within malignant tumor---

Presence of macrophages

more- less-

non metastasizing Metastasizing tumortumor.


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RECENT STUDY

separate embryonic phagocyte lineage-useof F4/80 markers.

No influence of acute alcoholism in thephagocytic function in the liver, spleen andlungs .

Possible Failure of the MononuclearPhagocyte System after Total Splenectomyin rats.


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RECENT STUDY

Colloidal thorium dioxide is used to block thereticulo endothelial system.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.abcam.com Textbook of medical physiology-Gyton &hall

11th edition.

Essential of medical physiology-k.sembulingam 3rd edition

Textbook of human histology-Inderbir Singh

4th

edition. www.britannica.com

www.bookrags.com
http://www.abcam.com/http://www.britannica.com/http://www.bookrags.com/http://www.bookrags.com/http://www.britannica.com/http://www.abcam.com/


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Influence of acute alcoholism in thephagocyticfunction of the mononuclear phagocytesystemin an experimental model--- Kelly Renata

Sabino, Adriana Nunes Machado, Andy Petroianu,Luiz Ronaldo Alberti, Carlos Jorge Rodrigues Simal.

Evaluation of Possible Failure of the

MononuclearPhagocyte System after TotalSplenectomy in Rats--Ruy Garcia Marques, AndyPetroianu, Mrcia Betnia Nunes de Oliveira,MrioBernardo-Filho and Margareth CrisstomoPortela.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Recent development of the mononuclearphagocyte system: in memory of Metchnikoffand Ehrlich on the 100th Anniversary of the

1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine--Zong-Liang Chang.

Ultrastructural Localization of Thorotrast in

the Reticuloendothelial System--Trond Klugeand Torstein Hovig.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Mononuclear Phagocytes:ImmunologicalFunctions and Disease Implications.

Blood Monocytes:Development,

Heterogeneity,and Relationship withDendritic Cells--Cedric Auffray, Michael H.Sieweke,and Frederic Geissmann.

The mononuclear phagocyte system revisited

David A. Hume, Ian L. Ross, S. Roy Himes, R.Tedjo Sasmono, Christine A. Wells andTimothy Ravasi.


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THANK YOU

mps system

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