Mr. Johnson 2014

1. What does tension create?A normal fault

2. Why didn’t people believe Alfred Wenger’s theory?

He could not explain the motion of the plates

3. How would you describe our inner core?Solid metal (iron and nickel)

4. How was the Appalachian Mountains created?continental-continental convergence

5. Where is the San Andréa's fault and how was it created?

Southern California, transform plate boundary

1. Where was the largest earthquake in the world?Chile, 1969

2. Which earthquake scale measures only the largest wave?Richter Scale

3. What is Isostasy?The balance between the earth’s crust and mantle has the continental curst loses mass and oceanic gains mass

4. How and when were the Himalayan Mountains created?Continental-continental convergence 65 mya

5. How do Love Waves move?side to side motion

6. How would you describe the eruptions of Hawaii?Calm, quiet eruptions with only lava flows

7. How was the Ring of Fire created?Through the subduction of the Pacific Plate

DRAW the three types of convergent boundaries AND list what is created at each. Provide Examples!

Describe the processes that occur along Mid Ocean Ridges as well as what is created.

Plates are spreading, new land is being formed

Continental-ContinentalForms Mountains

Oceanic-OceanicForms Island Arcs Continental-Oceanic

Forms land volcanoes

HimalayansFiji Mt. Saint Helens

1. What is the cause of most earthquakes on earth?2. During the quake in San Francisco in 1906, the major cause of damage

was a _______________.3. Layer of rock wider at the base is called the ______________?4. Name the fault below as well as the STRESS (red boxes) applied to

each:

5. Why is it Chile’s Earthquake was more powerful then Haiti’s yet there was more damage to Haiti. Be specific.

Haiti- only 7.0, destruction cause by poor structures, over crowded and poor community for rescue, as well as occurred in a major city. Chile 8.8, has had earthquake in past and more prepared. Also occurred in farm and smaller towns

Normal

Thrust Strike-slip

Reverse

Tension

Compression

Shearing

Compression

Tectonic movement

fireFootwall

1. Where and when was the largest earthquake in US history?Alaska, 1964

2. Where and when was the largest earthquake in the world?Chile, 1960

3. What was the largest cause of deaths from the 2004 earthquake in the Indian Ocean?

4. Although the San Andreas Fault is also plate boundary, the stresses applied are from shearing making it also a __________________________ fault.

5. What is an upward fold in rock layers?6. What type of fault is the result of one rock layer sliding over

another at a low angle?7. Rayleigh waves are an example of _______________ waves.8. Which type of stress pulls and twists the rocks layer is two

opposite direction?Shearing

Thrust fault

Strike-slip

anticline

tsunami

surface

1. What is the difference between the epicenter and the focus?Focus is the point of origin underground and epicenter is the point on the surface directly above the focus.

2. List, describe and DRAW the three main types of stresses.

3. What is a fault?Break in the earth’s surface where movement occurs

4. Which earthquake scale is used to measure the amount of damage done by an earthquake?

5. Which earthquake scale is based of the biggest seismic wave of an earthquake?

6. Which type of seismic wave is the fastest?

Compression

ShearingTension

Mercalli Scale

Richter

Primary (P) waves

1. How does the age of area B compare to the age of area C?

C is younger than B and D

2. Describe what is formed at Area C?New crust Ocean floor) is created

3. What type of plate boundary is area C?4. What type of boundary is Area D?

Oceanic-Continental Convergent5. Describe the PROCESS that is

occurring in Area B?Subduction- ocean crust (ONLY) is pulled under the less dense plate and melts

6. What is the land formation that is created at Area D.

7. Describe the landform that is created at Area E.

8. How does the density compare from Area C to the bottom of the mantle?

crust or newly-formed crust is LESS dense the rest of the mantle

Use the image to complete these DO Now Questions

B

EAD

C

Divergent

Land volcanoes

Trench

9. List and describe THREE pieces of evidence to plate tectonics:

1. Continents fit2. Fossils- examples?3. Paleomagnetism4. Rock layers5. Coal and glacier deposits

Name AND describethe parts of the volcano:

What is the name and TYPE of the volcano above?

What is the name and TYPE of the volcano above?

What is the name and TYPE of the volcano above?

Mt. Saint Helens, Composite Hawaii. shieldParicutin, cinder cone

Pyroclastic Flow

crater

Lava bombs

Lava VentLahar

Magma chamber

conduit

1

32

5

46

7

1. What is the difference between the lithosphere and asthenosphere?

The lithosphere is solid and lies on top of the asthenosphere which is part crust and part magma

2. What is uniformitariansim?The theory the geologic processes that

happened in the past are most likely occurring today

3. What caused most of the 800 deaths with the eruption of Pinatubo?

4. Which type of lava has a higher viscosity?5. How do tsunamis move?

Like a wall of water, not like a curved surfers wave

1. What is the difference between erosion and weathering?Erosion moves sediment, weathering wears down rock into smaller or rounded pieces.

Volcanic Ash

Aa, resists flow

What are the “spheres” of the Earth? Hydrosphere- water (all oceans and freshwater as well as in the air) Ecosphere- cycling minerals and elements (including Oxygen) Atmosphere-the gases that surround the earth Biosphere- all living things (plants, animals, bacteria…) Geosphere- The earths surface and interior) Anthrosphere- humans

How are they important?Hydrosphere- the biosphere needs water to surviveEcosphere- animals need O2 and Plants need N, Ph and CO2Atmosphere- provides magnetosphere, O2, CO2, Ozone LayerGeosphere- cores created Magnetosphere, Hornblende and

volcanoes created waterAnthrosphere- needs all of the above and is destroying all of the

above

1. What is the combined force of attraction among water molecules and with the water molecules of surrounding materials?

2. Approximately what percentage of the Earth’s surface is Freshwater? 3% freshwater only

3. What are the spaces between rocks where water moves easily underground called?

Aquifer

4. Which country do you think has the MOST polluted rivers in the world?5. Materials that allow water to pass through them easily are:6. What are some unique qualities of water?

released by heating of hornblende, found in all 3 phases, needed for all life, polar, solvent

7. What happens to water when it freezes?It because less dense because the bond changes from cubic (liquid) to hexagonal (frozen)

8. When salt is added to water, the density _________________.9. What is the amount of dissolved minerals in water and how can it be

tested easily?hardness- suds test

Capillary action

China

Permeable

increases

1. What is the charge of H in water:2. Tightness across the surface of water that is caused

by polar molecules pulling on each other is called:3. What is the toxic greenhouse gas that is given off

from decaying waste and cattle production that has increased by 400% in 200years?

4. Coal mining creates increased acidity and orange precipitate called:

5. Over the past 200 years, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has:

6. Chlorine atoms from CFC’s in the stratosphere break down:

7. The main source of ocean pollution is:8. Bleach as a pH of:

Hydrogen is positive

Surface tension

Methane

Acid Mine Drainage

Increased steadily, causing temperature to increase as well

Ozone44% Runoff land

14

1. Chemicals that are used to kill or deflect insects, fungus and bacteria are known as:

2. What is the main gas released from burning coal, 50% of US electricity and what does it cause?

3. The biggest impact of global warming has been observed in:

4. The main greenhouse gases include:

5. Deforestation causes _______________ of the soil.6. Largest oil spill on earth released 520 million gallons of

oil in ________________________.7. 80% of the trash is the ocean is

____________________________.8. The waste water that is composed of detergents, soaps

and other sources of toxic chemicals from cruise ships is referred to as:

Pesticides

Sulfur dioxide, acid rainPoles and

icecaps

Carbon dioxide, methane, sulfur dioxide and water vapordesertification

Kuwait in 1991

Plastic Trash

Grey water

1. 33% of ocean pollution comes from:2. The Pacific Trash Heap of floating plastic trash is

approximately twice the size of:3. The most recent oil spill in the United States occurred

where?The Gulf of Mexico

4. The two main acids given off from factories and cars that cause acid rain?

5. The toxic pesticide that is now banned from the United States is:

DDT

6. The amount of suspended material in water is called:7. Runoff from land into our streams, rivers and oceans

is caused by runoff into ______________________.

The air

Texas

Sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide

Turbidity

Storm drains (not SEWERS)

1. ______________ ______________ is demonstrated by water being absorbed by a paper towel?

2. What is a land area where precipitation drains?3. The attraction of water molecules to other water molecules

is___________________?4. What is an area that is covered with a layer of shallow water during

some or all of the year?wetlands

5. What is the amount of suspended material in water? 6. What is the main type of chemical responsible for Eutrophication?

nitrates and phosphate7. What is the chemical pesticide responsible for the cause of several large

birds in the US to almost become extinct?

Capillary Action

WatershedCohesion

Turbidity

DDT- process of bioaccumulation/biomagnification