Mr Kofi Annan (Ghana)Ms Mary Robinson (Ireland)Ms Navanethem Pillay (South Africa)

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Human rights education

Fighting poverty: a matter of obligation, not charity

Human rights defenders who act to end discrimination

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The preamble to the WHO Constitution defines health "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". The preamble further states, "The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition.”Article 2 of the WHO Constitution defines health as "the right of every human being to be healthy".The WHO Constitution does not refer to health as a right.

The lack of attention to human rights violations, such as violence against women, can have serious health consequences.The way a health programme is implemented or designed can promote or violate human rights.Health programmes have no direct implications for human rights violations.

A country's difficult financial situation

absolves it from having to take action to

realize the right to health.

The right to health is not the same as the

right to be healthy.

The right to health is not only a

programmatic goal to be attained in the

long term.

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Only doctors and nurses

Only the Ministry of Health

A wide range of stakeholders, including policy-

makers, hospital managers, health

professionals, inspectors and parliamentarians

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There is no specific international mechanism

International treaty bodies

National human rights institutions

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Commission on Human RightsHuman Rights CouncilUniversal Periodic Review

Health policy-making and programming are to be guided by human rights standards and principles and develop the capacity of duty-bearers to meet their obligations, while empowering rights-holders to effectively claim their rights.The elimination of all forms of discrimination is at the core of a human rights-based approach.Since human rights issues are sensitive, information should be kept confidential through the process of health programming.

Siracusa PrinciplesHealth and Rights PrinciplesLimiting Principles

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The prohibition of discrimination means that different treatment is never permitted.Different treatment must be based on objective and reasonable criteria intended to rectify imbalances within a society.Health care providers are the only professionals who can freely decide when a different treatment should be permitted in order to respect the principle of non-discrimination.

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The Convention on the Rights of the Child

The Convention against TortureThe Convention on the Rights of Persons

with Disabilities

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Accountability, Acceptability, Availability and Quality

Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability and Quality

Anti-discrimination, Accessibility, Accountability and Quality

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Access to health facilities, goods and services on a non-discriminatory basis, especially for vulnerable or marginalized groupsAccess to shelter, housing and sanitation and

an adequate supply of safe drinking waterAccess to legal assistance

Prof Paul Hunt (New Zealand)

Mr Santiago Corcuera (Mexico)

Mr Anand Grover (India)ⓐⓑⓒ

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Reviewing communications from individuals or groups alleging violations of the right to health and intervening, where appropriate, with Governments in relation to alleged violations

Conducting fact-finding country missions

Meeting representatives from WHO twice a year to discuss health-related issues of concern and draft joint recommendations to countries

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ⓐ It implicitly recognizes that States have resource constraints and that it necessarily takes time to implement human rights treaty provisions.It means that States have to modify all their internal laws as soon as they ratify a treaty.It requires all States to progressively request help from other States to promote the human

rights contained in the treaty they have ratified.

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They are UN staff appointed to promote human rights in their respective countries.They are independent experts appointed by the Human Rights Council to examine, monitor and publicly report on the human rights situation and compliance of States with their obligations under various human rights instruments.They are law professionals that provide support to the Treaty Bodies in drafting General Comments.

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To promote, and encourage others to promote, the right to health as a fundamental rightTo clarify the content of the right to healthTo consider States parties’ reports submitted to the Committee against Torture and issue concluding observations based on the information analysed

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The best interest of the child shall be a

primary consideration while taking actions

relating to children

The views of the child shall be given due

weight while taking actions relating to

children

Children can decide freely on any matter that

affect their health

Answers: 1c; 2c; 3b; 4a; 5c; 6c; 7c; 8a; 9a; 10b; 11c; 12b; 13a; 14c; 15b; 16c; 17c; 18c; 19c; 20a