2nd INDIA-EU WATER FORUM & WORLS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUMMIT

INDIA- EU WATER PARTNERSHIP

7 October 2016

02/05/23 2© 2010, VITO NV

ANDICOS™

INDIAN WATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY

Water quantity

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» Changing precipitation and glacier melt» Large periods of draught» Big uncertainties » Agriculture water demand from 630 km³/yr in 2010 to 1450 km³/yr in 2050 (Gupta & Deshpande)

Water quality: pollution + waste» Ganga delivers one fourth of of India’s water resource» Home of more than 400 million Indians» Pollution

» Tanneries» Sugar mills + distilleries» Cotton and textile» Battery» Fertilizers» Runoff nutrients & pesticides» Human waste » Domestic wastewater

WATER CHALLENGES IN INDIA

» Need for water recycling

» Need for organic matter removal from the waste water

» On longer term need for nutrient recovery (especially for irrigation)

» Water quality will not improve if waste is not treated properly as well

» Municipal solid waste is mostly landfilled (big problems)

» MSW contains to 55% organic waste (mostly kitchen waste)

It is a wastewater problem and a WASTE problem

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N. Devi, CAU, Imphal

CURRENT APPROACH SEWAGE TREATMENT

» Sewage mixed with rainwater low in organics» Aerobic treatment: aeration for oxygen input

» Energy intensive (15 - 30 kWh per person per year)» Large production of sludge (extra cost)» No nutrient recovery

» Expanded with tertiary – quaternary treatment» Large emission of greenhouse gases

Aerobic sewage treatment at a high cost

CODeff

HeatOxidation

Energy

50%

Excesssludge

CO2

Cell synthesis

50%

Organic matter + O2

H2O

SUSTAINABLE WATER TREATMENT

» New technologies with reduced energy demand » Alternative energy efficient treatment concepts: from energy consumption to

production

Why not from aerobic treatment to anaerobic treatment?

CODeff

Heat

Organic matter

Oxidation

Cell synthesis

Energy

90%

10%

CH4

Excesssludge

CODeff

HeatOxidation

Energy

50%

Excesssludge

Aerobic

Anaerobic

CO2

Cell synthesis50%

CO2Organic matter + O2

H2O

Aerobic treatment Anerobic treatment

APPROACH

» COD sewage: 0.1 – 0.5 g/l» Fermentative processes: > 5 g/l required

Enrichment of sewage water with energy and carbon-rich streams => ‘Andicos™’

Alternative water treatment system with broad offer of energy recovery systems

Andicos™: Anaerobic Digestion by Combining Organic Waste and Sewage

Sewage does not contain enough COD to allow anaerobic treatment

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- Concentrate via membranes- Enrich with organic matter- Combine both

TWO UNIQUE AND CRUCIAL STEPS 1. Concentration of sewage by membrane filtration

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Sewage water100%

Concentrate10%

Permeate90%

Andicos™

321

1 2

3

ORGANIC WASTE PRETREATMENT

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» All-in-one system developed by EUROPEM nv to prepare homogeneous feed material for anaerobic digester from:

» Solid kitchen waste containing:» organic waste» sand and sediments» paper, plastic, fat,

floating elements» (Concentrated) sewage sludge

» Specific Advantages:» Compact system, arranged in a container» Upstream sorting and/or separate

collection of waste can be eliminated» Increased biogas yields

2. Robust waste fractionation and pretreatment system

ANDICOS™ CONCEPT

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concentrate

Clean water

ECOLOGY AND ECONOMY OF ANDICOS™

Integration of technology into a new concept adapted to the local situation and turning costs into benefits

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» No solids discharge to the river» Water produced of a primary quality can further be recycled or directly used in

irrigation» Less BOD to the river

» This will rejuvenate the resilience of the river» River resilience will start cleaning of micropollutants

» Potential for Si-based algae to grow and to take up as well nutrients leading to CO2 capture and more O2 production (extra advantage of Himalyan rivers)

» No greenhosue gases from landfills» Energy production and no consumption (> 60% reduction)» Heat produced is used to dry the organic waste» Much less maintenance costs (due to energy production)» Already proved in Vietnam

02/05/23 12© 2010, VITO NV

WATER

Our Global Common

Collaboration between VITO, IonExchange and Europem-India

Contact: ludo.diels@vito.be