Mrs. Costa

SCIENCE ~ CHAPTER 11

LIVING RESOURCES

Biodiversity

SECTION 3

Organisms in ecosystems exchange energy and nutrients among themselves and with the environment. Each organism in an ecosystem fills the energy role of producer, consumer, or decomposer, and has a variety of adaptations that are suited to its specific living conditions.(Chapter 10)

ANTICIPATORY SET

S 6.5.b – Students know different natural energy and material resources, including air, soil, rocks, petroleum, fresh water, wildlife, and forests, and know how to classify them as renewable or nonrenewable

STANDARDS

Factors that affect biodiversity in an ecosystem include: Area Climate Diversity of niches

THE BIG IDEA

Biodiversity – the number of species in an area

Keystone species - - a species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem

Extinction – the disappearance of all members of a species from Earth

Endangered species – a species in danger of becoming extinct in the near future

KEY TERMS

Threatened species – a species that could become endangered in the near future

Habitat destruction – loss of a natural habitat

Poaching – illegal killing or removal of wildlife

Captive breeding – the mating of animals in zoos or wildlife preserves

KEY TERMS

No one knows exactly how many species live on Earth

More than 1.5 million species have been identified so far!

The number of different species in an area is called its biodiversity

It is diffi cult to measure the biodiversity on Earth So many areas of the planet have not been studied

Deep oceans alone could hold 10 million new species!

BIODIVERSITY

Read Biodiversity on page 462 of your textbook

BIODIVERSITY

Biodiversity varies from place to place

Factors that affect biodiversity in an ecosystem include: Area Climate Diversity of niches

FACTORS AFFECTING BIODIVERSITY

Within a given biome, a large area will contain more species than a small area

AREA

The number of species generally increases from the poles toward the equator

Scientists hypothesize that the great biodiversity in the tropics may be related to climate

CLIMATE

Tropical rain forests are the more diverse ecosystems in the world

CLIMATE

Tropical rain forests have fairly constant temperatures and large amounts of rainfall throughout the year

Many plants in this region grow year-roundProvides a continuous food supply for other organisms

CLIMATE

Coral reefs are the second most diverse ecosystems in the world

NICHE DIVERSITY

Coral reefs are often called the rain forests of the seaFound only in shallow, warm watersSupports many different niches for organisms that liver under, on, or among the coral

NICHE DIVERSITY

All the species in an ecosystem are interconnected

A keystone species is a species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem

KEYSTONE SPECIES

Read Factors Affecting Biodiversity on page 463 of your textbook

FACTORS AFFECTING BIODIVERSITY

The disappearance of all members of a species from Earth is called extinction

BIODIVERSITY IN DANGER

In the last few centuries, the number of species becoming extinct has increased dramatically

Species in danger of becoming extinct in the future are called endangered species

Species in danger of becoming extinct in the NEAR future are called threatened species

Threatened and endangered species are found on EVERY continent and in EVERY ocean

EXTINCTION

Humans can also threaten biodiversity

These activities include:Habitat destructionPoachingPollutionIntroduction of nonnative species

BIODIVERSITY IN DANGER

The main cause of extinction is habitat destruction

HABITAT DESTRUCTION

Can occur when forests are cleared to create grazing land

When wetlands are filled in to build

towns

Some species are not able to survive such changes to their habitat

HABITAT DESTRUCTION

Poaching is the illegal killing or removal of wildlife from their habitats

Many endangered species are killed and sold for their skin or fur

Others may be sold as pets

POACHING

Substances that cause pollution (called pollutants) may reach animals through the water or air

These pollutants may harm or kill organisms

POLLUTION

Introducing a species that is not native to the area is a threat to biodiversity

Without its natural predators and consumers, the introduced species often outcompetes or harms the native organisms

NONNATIVE SPECIES

Read Biodiversity In Danger on pages 464-465 of your textbook

BIODIVERSITY IN DANGER

Three successful approaches to protecting biodiversity are:

Captive breedingLaws and treatiesHabitat preservation

PROTECTING BIODIVERSITY

Captive breeding is the mating of animals in zoos or wildlife preserves

Scientists care for the young and then release them into the wild when they are grown

CAPTIVE BREEDING

Laws help protect species:

The Endangered Species Act prohibits trade in products made from threatened or endangered species

LAWS AND TREATIES

The BEST way to preserve biodiversity is to protect whole ecosystems

HABITAT PRESERVATION

Many countries have wildlife habitats as parks, reserves, and refuges

To succeed, reserves must have the characteristics of diverse ecosystems

HABITAT PRESERVATION

Read Protecting Biodiversity on page 466-467 of your textbook

PROTECTING BIODIVERSITY

The number of different _________________ in an area is called its _______________________.

Factors that affect biodiversity include: area, _______________, diversity of _____________, and _________________ species.

Human activities that can threaten biodiversity are: habitat ______________, poaching, _______________ and introduction of _______________________ species.

The best way to preserve biodiversity is to protect ___________ _____________________.

GUIDED PRACTICE

The number of different species in an area is called its biodiversity.

Factors that affect biodiversity include: area, climate, diversity of niches, and keystone species.

Human activities that can threaten biodiversity are: habitat destruction, poaching, pollution, and introduction of nonnative species.

The best way to preserve biodiversity is to protect whole ecosystems.

GUIDED PRACTICE

Complete Biomes 11-4 Independent Practice worksheet

INDEPENDENT PRACTICE