PHYSICAL SCIENCEMrs. Loewen’s Theme Class

Properties of Matter

Physical Properties- those properties that can be observed without changing the make-up or identity of the matter. Malleable- able to be pounded into a thin

sheet Electrical Conductivity- allows electricity to

travel through Density Boiling point Melting point Solubility

Properties of Matter

Chemical Properties- describe matter based on its ability to change into a new kind of matter with different properties Flammability- capable of burning in the

presence of oxygen Rusting- when iron reacts with oxygen to

produce iron oxide Reactivity- reacts to acid or water

Heat vs. Temperature

Heat and Temperature are NOT the same thing.

Heat is the amount of thermal energy in the object

Temperature is the measure of how rapidly molecules are moving.

We can think of it like this, which container, the tub or the cup would melt a large ice cube faster?

States of Matter

Put two inches of water in a soda bottle. Break up one seltzer tablet and put the pieces in the balloon.

Carefully fit the balloon over the neck of the bottle so none of the seltzer pieces goes into the bottle.

What states of matter are in this system?

Alka-Seltzer and Balloons

Solid, Liquid, Gas

Solid Liquid GasMelting Point

Freezing

Vaporization/ Boiling Point

Condensation

Review Questions

When water freezes does it produce any heat? Yes, as water freezes it releases heat into the

air around it. Why do citrus farmers spray water on

their crops the evening before it is going to freeze? As the water freezes it releases heat that

keeps the fruit from freezing.

Alka-Seltzer Rockets

Parts of an Atom

Electrons: negatively charged particle on the outside of

the nucleus. Protons:

positively charged particles in the nucleus Neutron:

particles with no charge in the nucleus Nucleus:

center of the atom

Velocity

Velocity = distance / time v=d/t

Example: miles per hour. Miles is the distance, and hour is the time.

t

d

v

Mass and Weight

Mass- is the amount of matter in an object

Weight- the gravitational pull of on an object

Concept 1 - Newton’s First Law of Motion

What happens to the card and the coin if I flick the card off the cup?

To what object did I apply a force?

Concept 1 - Newton’s First Law of Motion

Newton’s First Law of Motion – “an object at rest will remain at rest unless

a force acts on it.”

Also, “an object in motion will remain in motion unless a force acts on it.”

Concept 2 - Newton’s Second Law of Motion

Take a straw, ping-pong ball, and golf ball.

Blow on the ping-pong ball with the SAME force each time. Measure the distance and find the average. Repeat 3 times.

Do the same with the golf ball. Repeat with a GREATER force.

Concept 2 - Newton’s Second Law of Motion

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

Mass = Force x Acceleration

Concept 3 - Newton’s Third Law of Motion

With two rolling chairs or scooters, have two students who weigh about the same sit on them. Have student 1 push off of student 2.

Who is going to move further, the student pushing (1) or the student pushed (2)?

Will the distance the students travel change depending on who pushes?

Concept 3 - Newton’s Third Law of Motion

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

“For every force, there is an equal and opposite force.”

Marshmallow Launch

Identifying Simple Machines

Lever Parts: Fulcrum -point from which your lever

rotated. Load. Does anyone know what the

load was? Effort force: force applied to the lever

to move the load. Where did the effort force come from?

Identify Simple Machines

Name a type of simple machine and give a definition: Levers are stiff bars that rotate around a fulcrum to

move objects. Pulleys use a wheel and a rope to raise and lower

loads. Wedges have slanted sides that cut materials apart. Inclined planes are a slanting slope that connects a

higher and lower point. Screw is an inclined plane that is set in a circular

pattern. Wheel and axis is a wheel with a rod going through

it. That wheel rotates around the rod/axis to move a load.

Types of Energy

What type of energy do each of these objects represent?

Concept 3: Energy is Always Conserved

Scientists measure energy all the time. Scientist have found that anytime energy

transfers, no energy is lost. If you were able to measure the air

around the bouncy ball or the marbles, you would notice that heat was being released.

Energy Conversion Game

Review

When you coast down the hill on your bike, you travel for a distance and then eventually slow down. Is energy being destroyed? No, energy is being transferred to sound and

heat energy.

Light Energy

We see objects because they reflect or produce light.

White light is made of many colors. An object’s color is determined by the

color of light that is reflected by the object.

Conduction

If I have metal tongs in a pot of boiling water, what happens to the handles?

Conduction

Conduction is the process of heat transfer through the collision of particles.

The objects being heated are in contact with one another and don’t move from one place to another.

Can you think of any examples of materials that get hot very quickly?

Convection

Have you ever swam in a lake or outdoor swimming pool in the summer?

Where is the water the warmest? Where is it the coolest?

Why?

Radiation

What do you suppose these people are doing?

How do you know this?

What do you think those waves coming off the fire represent?

Do all hot objects sent off heat waves?

Radiation

This heat traveled to your body in heat waves.

Radiation occurs without the movement of particles and sometimes across empty space.