Life Science Name:Chapter 3 & 4Review

1. The cell cycle is the life cycle of a cell that includes Growth , Development and Division .

2. Draw a chromosome and label the sister chromatids and the centromere.

3. Interphase is a period of growth and development of a cell, between cell divisions.

In question 4-13, identify the correct phase of mitosis for each:

4. DNA coils into chromosomes. prophase

5. Chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell. Metaphase

6. Nucleolus disappears and nuclear membrane dissolves. Prophase

7. Spindle fibers form. Prophase

8. Sister chromatids separate. Anaphase

9. Chromosomes unwind. telophase

10. Spindle fibers disappear. Telophase

11. Spindle fibers shorten and chromatids move to opposite sides of cell. Anaphase

12. Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. Telophase

13. Chromosomes unwind and spindle fibers disappear. Telophase

14. Cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm during cell division.

15. In mitosis, compared to the parent cell, how many chromosomes do the daughter cells have? The same number as the parent cell. For example, if the parent cell has 32 chromosomes, the daughter cells have 32 chromosomes

16. In mitosis, are the daughter cells diploid or haploid? diploid

17. How many daughter cells result from mitosis? 2

18. List 4 results of cell division.ReproductionGrowthReplacementRepair

19. List the levels of organization of life in order from smallest to largest.

Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism

20. A(n) Organ is a group of tissues working together to do a job.

21. Tissue is a group of similar cells working together to do a job.

22. Explain the difference between diploid and haploid.Diploid Cells – have pairs of similar chromosomes

- Ex – human diploid cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes or 46 total chromosomesHaploid Cells – have one chromosome from each pair

- Ex – human haploid cells (sex cells) have 23 total chromosomes (1 from each pair)

23. List the two types of sex cells (gametes). Which is male and which is female? Where is each formed?Sperm – male – formed in the testisEgg – female – formed in the ovary

24. Asexual reproduction uses only one parent.

25. Asexual reproduction makes offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

26. In Sexual reproduction, genetic material from two different cells combine to form offspring.

27. Fertilization is when the egg and sperm join.

28. Cell Differentiation is the process by which cells become different types specialized to do specific jobs.

In questions 29-39, identify the correct phase of meiosis for each:

29. Nuclear membrane disappears. Prophase I Prophase II

30. Cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are formed. Telophase I

31. Chromosomes condense and form homologous pairs. Prophase I

32. Spindle fibers attach to each chromosome. Prophase I

33. Homologous chromosomes separate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell. Anaphase I

34. Homologous chromosomes line up along the center of the cell. Metaphase I

35. Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. Telophase I

36. Sister chromatids line up along the center of the cell. Metaphase II

37. Cytoplasm divides and 4 new daughter cells result. Telophase II

38. Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromatids. Telophase II

39. Sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell. Anapphase II

40. Compare the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells following meiosis to the number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

The daughter cells will have ½ the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell. For example: if the parent has 22 chromosomes, each daughter cell will have 11 chromosomes.

41. How many daughter cells result from meiosis? 4

42. In meiosis, are the daughter cells haploid or diploid? Haploid

43. Compared to a body cell, how many chromosomes does a gamete (sex cell) contain? ½ the number For example: if the body cell has 42 chromosomes, the sex cell has 21 chromosomes

44. Vegetative Reproduction is where an offspring grows from a part of a parent plant.

45. Cloning is a process done in a lab that makes identical individuals from a cell or a cluster of cells taken from a multicellular organism.

46. Mitotic Cell Division is where a eukaryotic organism forms two offspring through mitosis and cell division.

47. Fission is when a prokaryotic cell divides to form a new organism.

48. Budding is where a new organism grows on the body of its parent.

49. Animal Regeneration is when offspring grows from a piece of the parent like with planaria.

39. List 3 reasons that meiosis is important. (3 pts)Maintaining diploid cellsCreating haploid cellsAllows for genetic variation