mrs teocc the chinese high school diagrams by ms angela ng the structure of atoms & formation of...
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Mrs TeoccThe Chinese High SchoolDiagrams by Ms Angela Ng
The Structure of Atoms
&
Formation of Ions
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Revision
An Atom consists of
electrons
protons
neutrons
Electronic Structure of Sodium
nucleus
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He Ne Ar
The Electronic Structure of Noble GasesThe Electronic Structure of Noble Gases
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Noble gasesNoble gases
- - very very stablestable electron arrangement electron arrangement
- do not - do not gaingain or or loselose electrons electrons => unreactive => unreactive
The Electronic Structure of Noble The Electronic Structure of Noble GasesGases
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X
Other atoms try to become like those Other atoms try to become like those of noble gasesof noble gases => => gaingain or or loselose electrons and form electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms chemical bonds with other atoms to to attain octet or duplet configuration attain octet or duplet configuration
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X
Other atoms try to become likethose Other atoms try to become likethose of noble gasesof noble gases => => gaingain or or loselose electrons and form electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms chemical bonds with other atoms to to attain octet or duplet configuration attain octet or duplet configuration
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X
Other atoms try to become like those Other atoms try to become like those of noble gasesof noble gases => => gaingain or or loselose electrons and form electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms chemical bonds with other atoms to to attain octet or duplet configuration attain octet or duplet configuration
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X
Gain of Gain of electronelectronGain of Gain of electronelectron
Other atoms try to become like those Other atoms try to become like those of noble gasesof noble gases => => gaingain or or loselose electrons and form electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms chemical bonds with other atoms to to attain octet or duplet configuration attain octet or duplet configuration
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Y
Other atoms try to become like those Other atoms try to become like those of noble gasesof noble gases => => gaingain or or loselose electrons and form electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms chemical bonds with other atoms to to attain octet or duplet configuration attain octet or duplet configuration
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Y
Other atoms try to become like those Other atoms try to become like those of noble gasesof noble gases => => gaingain or or loselose electrons and form electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms chemical bonds with other atoms to to attain octet or duplet configuration attain octet or duplet configuration
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Y
Other atoms try to become like those Other atoms try to become like those of noble gasesof noble gases => => gaingain or or loselose electrons and form electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms chemical bonds with other atoms to to attain octet or duplet configuration attain octet or duplet configuration
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Y
Other atoms try to become like those Other atoms try to become like those of noble gasesof noble gases => => gaingain or or loselose electrons and form electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms chemical bonds with other atoms to to attain octet or duplet configuration attain octet or duplet configuration
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Y
Loss of electronLoss of electron
Other atoms try to become like those Other atoms try to become like those of noble gasesof noble gases => => gaingain or or loselose electrons and form electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms chemical bonds with other atoms to to attain octet or duplet configuration attain octet or duplet configuration
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Formation of Ions
1. In an atom, the number of 1. In an atom, the number of protons protons is equal to the number of is equal to the number of
electrons.electrons. => electrically neutral
2. If electrons are added or removed,
it becomes a charged particle => ion
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Cl atomCl atom
17p 18nNo overall No overall
chargecharge
p=17p=17
e=17e=17
To become negative ions (anions)To become negative ions (anions)
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To become negative ions (anions)To become negative ions (anions)
17p 18n
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To become negative ions (anions)To become negative ions (anions)
17p 18n
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To become negative ions (anions)To become negative ions (anions)
17p 18n
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To become negative ions (anions)To become negative ions (anions)
17p 18n
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Gain of Gain of a a
electronelectron
To become negative ions (anions)To become negative ions (anions)
17p 18n
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More More electronelectrons than s than
protonsprotons
To become negative ions (anions)To become negative ions (anions)
17p 18n
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has has overall overall
negative negative chargecharge
Negative Negative ion ion (anion)(anion)
ClCl--
Due to addition of 1 electron
To become negative ions (anions)To become negative ions (anions)
17p 18n
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O atomO atom
8p8nNo overall No overall
chargecharge
p=8p=8
e=8e=8
To become negative ions (anions)To become negative ions (anions)
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To become negative ions (anions)To become negative ions (anions)
8p8n
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To become negative ions (anions)To become negative ions (anions)
8p8n
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To become negative ions (anions)To become negative ions (anions)
8p8n
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To become negative ions (anions)To become negative ions (anions)
8p8n
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Adding Adding of 2 of 2
electronelectronss
To become negative ions (anions)To become negative ions (anions)
8p8n
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More More electronelectrons than s than
protonsprotons
To become negative ions (anions)To become negative ions (anions)
8p8n
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has overall has overall negative negative chargecharge
negative negative ion ion (anion)(anion)
OO22--
Due to addition of 2 electrons
2-
To become negative ions (anions)To become negative ions (anions)
8p8n
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-> e.g. -> e.g. ClCl--, O, O2-2-
Generally non-metals have many outer electrons (4-7)They
-> -> tend to ______ electronsgain
-> form negative ions (anions)
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Na atomNa atom
11p12nNo overall No overall
chargecharge
p=11p=11
e=11e=11
To become positive ions (cations)To become positive ions (cations)
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To become positive ions (cations)To become positive ions (cations)
11p12n
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To become positive ions (cations)To become positive ions (cations)
11p12n
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Removal Removal of 1 of 1
electronelectron
To become positive ions (cations)To become positive ions (cations)
11p12n
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More More protons protons
than than electronelectron
ss
To become positive ions (cations)To become positive ions (cations)
11p12n
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has overall has overall positive positive chargecharge
positive positive ion ion (cation)(cation)NaNa
++
+
Loss of 1 electron
To become positive ions (cations)To become positive ions (cations)
11p12n
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Mg atomMg atom
No overall No overall chargecharge
To become positive ions (cations)To become positive ions (cations)
12p12n
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To become positive ions (cations)To become positive ions (cations)
12p12n
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To become positive ions (cations)To become positive ions (cations)
12p12n
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To become positive ions (cations)To become positive ions (cations)
12p12n
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To become positive ions (cations)To become positive ions (cations)
12p12n
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Removal Removal of 2 of 2
electronelectronss
To become positive ions (cations)To become positive ions (cations)
12p12n
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More More protons protons
than than electronelectron
ss
To become positive ions (cations)To become positive ions (cations)
12p12n
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has overall has overall positive positive chargecharge
MgMg2+2+
Loss of 2 electrons
positive positive ion ion (cation)(cation)
To become positive ions (cations)To become positive ions (cations)
12p12n
2+
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->-> form positive ions (cations) form positive ions (cations)
-> -> example Naexample Na++, Mg, Mg2+2+
Generally metalsmetals have few outer electrons (1-3 electrons)
They
->-> tend to _________electronslose