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Quarter Two Benchmark DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST

1. The opening phrase of the Constitution “We the People,” means that the Constitution gets is authority from the:A. Executive branchB. Citizens

C. State LegislaturesD. Army

2. During the struggle over ratification of the Constitution, Federalists and Antifederalists disagreed mainly over theA. Wisdom of maintaining friendship with EnglandB. Need for the continuation of slavery

C. Election of George Washington as the first presidentD. Division of power between the national government and the states

3. What is the purpose of “Checks and Balances”?A. Protects against an abuse of power or tyranny by any one branchB. Allow the people to vote

C. Allow amendments to be added to the ConstitutionD. Protects the Government from the Citizens

4. The first ten amendments were added to the Constitution toA. Remove portions of the original ConstitutionB. To protect individual freedoms from governmental power

C. Make changes in the election processD. Increase the power of the legislative branch

5. Delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 wrote a new Constitution becauseA. The Revolutionary War was overB. The Articles of Confederation were about to

expire

C. They wanted to increase the power of the statesD. They believed that a stronger central government was necessary.

6. What fear, prevalent during the foundation of the national government, does this modern political cartoon represent?A. That the Executive Branch would become too powerful.B. That the Judicial and Legislative Branches would have too much power.

C. That the system of checks and balances was ineffective.D. That political parties would destroy the federal government.


“When the people fear their government, there is tyranny; when the government fears the people, there is liberty.” – Thomas Jefferson

7. What is the main idea in this excerpt from Thomas Jefferson?A. That there need to be checks and balances to control the government.B. That the federal government has too much power in the lives of citizens.

C. That the control of the government should be in the hands of the citizens.D. That many American citizens feared the Federal government.

8. Which action toward Native American Indians did the US government take between 1820 and 1840?A. Paying Native American Indians a fair price for their landB. Going to war with the NC tribes over land

C. Passing a law giving all Native American Indians United States citizenshipD. Removing Native American Indians from their tribal lands and placing them on reservations.

“The Cherokees are nearly all prisoners. They have been dragged from their homes and encamped at the forts and military places, all over the nation… the property of many has been taken and sold before their eyes for almost nothing.”

9. This quotation from an eyewitness to the Trail of Tears describes events connected with theA. Battle of Little Big HornB. Lewis and Clark Expedition

C. Indian Removal ActD. Civil Rights Act

“We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere.”

– The Monroe Doctrine, December 2, 1823

10. According to the passage, what is the United States stating to Europe?A. Colonization in the Western hemisphere will be seen as a sign of aggressionB. Existing colonies of Europe should be taken apart

C. The United States will become involved in all European Wars.D. The British are authorized to take over the United States

11. What was the outcome of the Mexican American War?A. Texas gained its complete independence, separate from the United States.B. Mexico lost control of Texas and some territories in New Mexico and Arizona.

C. The Gadsden Purchase: the US had to purchase lands from Mexico.D. The United States added Nevada, Arizona and New Mexico Territories.


12. Which statement is best supported by the information on the graph?

A. The percentage of urban population increased between 1850-1900B. By 1890, 70% of the population lived in rural areas

C. Industrialization led to an increase in rural population in the late 1800D. The rural population drastically decreased between 1850 and 1900

13. During the late 1840s, thousands of people were attracted to California toA. Fight in the Mexican WarB. Help build railroads

C. Search for gold D. Obtain good farmland

14. What the central idea of Manifest Destiny, as illustrated in John Gast’s painting, “American Progress”?

A. Americans using a variety of methods to transport goodsB. Americans pursuing natural resources to the west.C. That Americans had a God Given right to move west.D. Americans had to respect the land of the United States.

15. To win support for ratification of the US Constitution, Federalists agreed toA. Give up western land claimsB. Restrict the importation of slaves

C. Add a bill of rights to the documentD. Grant voting rights to all adult white males


“At this time in 1890 we are too near the removal of the Cherokees for our young people to fully understand the enormity of the crime that was committed against a helpless race. Truth is the facts are being concealed from the young people of today. School children of today do not know that we are living on lands that were taken from a helpless race at the bayonet point to satisfy the white man’s greed for gold. Future generations will read and condemn the act and I do hope posterity will remember that private soldiers like myself…had to execute the orders of our superiors. We had no choice in the matter.” - John G. Burnett

16. What is the truth that is being kept from children?A. How many Cherokees died while moving westB. Gold was found in North Carolina

C. Soldiers killed all the gold minersD. Slavery is increasing in the West

17. What was John Burnett’s hope for the future?A. The soldiers of the Trail of Tears are forgiven for their part in the Trail of TearsB. The soldiers will have to help the Cherokee move further West

C. The white men find more gold North Carolina.D. Future generation will assist with the removal of the tribes

Use the map provided to answer questions 18 and 19

18. Which of the following statements about the United States during the 19th century is true?A. The United States became a notable world power through military conquests and treatiesB. By the mid-1800’s, the United States tripled in size from its original boundaries

C. The United States and Mexico worked together to create a strong allianceD. European nations did not lose much territory to the United States

19. Using the map, which countries did the United States obtain the largest amount of land from by the mid-1800’s?A. Mexico and SpainB. France and Great Britain

C. Great Britain and SpainD. France and Mexico


Congress could not levy and collect taxes Congress could not regulate interstate or foreign trade There was no national court system to settle disputes The thirteen separate states lacked national unity

20. Which document is characterized by the statements above?

A. Articles of ConfederationB. Federalist papers

C. Northwest OrdinanceD. United States Constitution

21. According to the political cartoon to the right, what was a major problem under the Articles of Confederation?

A. States had to share resources and money, making all of them poor

B. The federal government was not able to tax states to raise money

C. The federal government was unable to trade with other countries

D. States were not required to fund the military

22. Which newspaper headline shows the operation of the system of checks and balances?A. “Senate Rejects President’s Choice of Supreme

Court Justice” B. “North Carolina To Gain Two Seats in the United

States House of Representatives”

C. “North Carolina Receives $4 Million from Congress for Transportation Development”

D. “South Carolina Rejects Federal Regulations on Drug Testing”

23. Which of the following was not a major effect of the California Gold Rush?A. The Native American population dropped from

disease and violence from settlersB. Groups, like the Mormons, moved to find freedom

C. Population increased dramatically due to the discovery of gold

D. California became ethnically diverse with immigrants from many countries

24. During Thomas Jefferson’s presidency, which event challenged his philosophy on the role of the president and federal government?

A. Lewis and Clark ExpeditionB. Embargo Act of 1807

C. Louisiana PurchaseD. Alien and Sedition Acts


25. The person who created this illustration is most likely accusing President Andrew Jackson of…A. Violating the Constitution by granting jobs to

friends and supportersB. Using government money to support a rich

lifestyle

C. Involving the United States in wars with European nations

D. Exceeding the constitutional limits of his presidential power

Debate over Ratification of the United States Constitution Speaker A: “Our liberty depends on guaranteed individual rights. Citizens with these rights will be able to make decisions for the good of the whole nation.”

Speaker B: “I admire your optimism; however, only a well-educated group of elected officials should be trusted to make decisions for the good of all.”

Speaker A: “We must not allow the rule of a few privileged officials to overpower the will of average citizens.”

Speaker B: “A strong central government, composed of elected officials, will be acting in the best interests of all citizens.”

Speaker A: “I fear you are ignoring the needs of the people. There must be a guarantee that the freedoms of citizens will not be trampled over by a strong national government.”

26. This debate most accurately represents the debates between A. Loyalists and PatriotsB. Constitutional Framers and State Governors

C. Federalists and Anti-FederalistsD. Supreme Court Justices and Legislators

27. In this debate between Speaker A and Speaker B, Speaker A would most likely agree that the leaders of the nation should…

A. Establish a monarchyB. Add a bill of rights to the Constitution

C. Increase the power of the federal governmentD. Limit the right to vote to property owners


“All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”

-14th Amendment, Section 1, US Constitution

28. The 14th Amendment establishedA. Every US citizen born or naturalized in the US is

granted equal protection under the lawsB. Right to vote for African Americans

C. Right to vote for womenD. Freedom to all enslaved persons living in America

29. Based on this photograph, what was one goal of the expedition?

A. Form a positive, working relationship with Native AmericansB. Remove Native Americans from their land for American settlers

C. Inspire Native American tribes to work togetherD. Promote trade between American settlers and Native Americans

The front and back of a Jefferson peace medal given by Lewis and Clark to leaders of Indian tribes. -Courtesy of State Historical Society of North Dakota.

30. The Louisiana Purchase was significant to the United States because it…A. Nearly doubled the size of the United StatesB. Challenged the power of Great Britain in North

America

C. Took New Orleans out of Spain’s controlD. Set a precedent for presidential power regarding

the purchase of land

31. Supreme Court decisions based on the First Amendment usually involve theA. Rights of individualsB. Control of big business

C. Collection of taxes on incomeD. Corruption in government

32. At the Constitutional Convention (1787), the Great Compromise resolved the issue of congressional representation byA. Limiting the terms of elected lawmakersB. Providing for direct election of senators

C. Creating a two house legislatureD. Including the Electoral College.


33. The arrows in the chart to the left represent what?

A. Branches of governmentB. Separation of powersC. Checks and balancesD Responsibilities of Congress

A woman is arrested. (1) The police incarcerate her for several months before telling her the charge against him. (2) She calls an attorney who makes plans for the trial. (3) At the trial, she is disallowed from having a jury of her peers (4) her attorney is not allowed to ask questions of the witnesses. (5) A judge finds her

guilty of the crime based on the evidence presented.

34. Which stages in the above situation seem to be violations of the woman's Sixth Amendment rights?

(The Sixth Amendment guarantees a citizen a speedy trial, a fair jury, an attorney if the accused person wants one, and the chance to confront the witnesses who is accusing the defendant of a crime, meaning he or she can see who is making accusations)

A. 2, 3, 4B. 1 and 3

C. 1, 3, 4, 5D. 1, 2, 3, 4,

35. What opinion about President Polk is the cartoonist most likely trying to say?

A. President Polk had a gambling problemB. President Polk was worried about his reputationC. President Polk did not take his presidency seriouslyD. President Polk needed to act carefully to be successful

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