Ms. Murray

What does MARINE mean?

Refers to anything of, found in, or produced by the sea.

1 2

Marine Biology vs. Oceanography

Marine Biology is the study of life in the ocean.

Oceanography is the study of the physical characteristics of the ocean. Sir Charles Thompson is considered to be the “Founder of

Oceanography”.

Ocean quiz How much do you think you know about

the ocean?

4

Ocean quiz 1. How much of the Earth’s ocean has

been explored? a) About 90%

b) About 75%

c) About 10%

d) Less than 5%

5

2. As of 2008, what percent of the U.S.

population lived within 50 miles of the

coast? a) About 80%

b) About 50%

c) About 30%

d) About 10%

6

Ocean quiz

Ocean quiz 3. Quincy Bay is what type of

ecosystem? a) A beach

b) An estuary

c) A tidepool

d) A mangrove swamp

7

Ocean quiz 4. Which of the following are most

closely related to sharks? a) Whales

b) Dolphins

c) Lampreys

d) Rays

8

Ocean quiz 5. How much of Earth’s water is in the

ocean? a) 50%

b) 70%

c) 90%

d) 97%

9

Marine Biology

Ms. Murray

The Scientific Method: Basic steps that scientists follow in uncovering facts

and solving scientific problems.

1. Make observations & ask a question.

2. Background research.

3. Form a hypothesis.

4. Perform experiment to test hypothesis.

5. Record and analyze the results of the experiment.

6. Make conclusions and share results.

11

1 12

The Scientific Method

Induction: scientist has no idea of what the conclusion might be.

Ex. A scientist observes a sailfish, shark and tuna – notices they all have gills: concludes that all fish have gills.

Deduction: scientist begins with general statement predicting conclusion (may be based on induction).

Ex. All marine mammals have gills. Since whales are marine mammals, whales have gills.

Observation: 2 ways of thinking….

Statements made will lead to hypotheses:

Hypothesis: a proposed scientific explanation.

Hypothesis must be testable (easily proven false, if it is false)

If a hypothesis is testable and has been proven true multiple times, it may be considered a theory.

Hypothesis

Testing (design experiment) Variable: factor that changes, and may affect observations.

Independent variable: factor that is changed/manipulated in experiment.

Dependent variable: factor that changes as a result of the experiment.

Controls: variables that are kept constant through the experiment.

Experimental Group: group that is tested on/receives a change.

Control Group: group that is used for comparison/baseline.

Analysis of Data & Conclusions Any observations made are considered data

Quantitative: numerical data

Qualitative: descriptive data

Analysis of data can reveal trends and help to make conclusions.

Tables, graphs, charts

Conclusion may prove hypothesis to be true or false.

Limitations of the Scientific Method Included in a strong conclusion are some limitations

which may affect the scientific method:

Sources of error

Scientist bias