ms. orville. afterlife- an existence after death artisan- a person skilled in crafts such as...
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Afterlife- an existence after death Artisan- a person skilled in crafts such as carving or tool
making Cataract- a large waterfall or rapids Delta- a triangular or fan-shaped piece of land made by
deposits of mud and sand at the mouth of a river Dynasty- a line of rulers from the same family or the period
during which they rule Economy- related to activities such as the production of
goods and services in a particular region Hieroglyphics- ancient Egyptian written language Mummy- the body of a person that was preserved after
death Silt- a deposit of rich soil, sand, and mud along a river Nilometer- staircase, or a simple stone/other surface, to
record the height of the Nile flood
Vocabulary
Egyptian Scribe
BK IZPV XNV LMMNB VWK DMNDH LXT VWK DLMKXTLJ VN SMRXT ZP VN VWK ULDV VWLV KLDW INIKXV NU MRUK RP L IRJLDMK LXT IQPVKJQ.
-- W. A. BHIIP
NDO: Translate the ancient code into W English!
Agua ם' מ
http://www.discoveringegypt.com/hieroglyphic-typewriter.html
Translating the Rosetta Stone
Pharaohs: Egyptian Kings had absolute power◦Whatever they decided became law◦Were religious leaders and considers
to be gods
31 Dynasties from 3100-322 BCEDynasty- a series of rulers from the
same family or ethnic group
Ancient Egyptian Rulers
Ancient Egyptian Culture• The Egyptian social order resembled a pyramid with the pharaoh
at the top• The peasants (largest class) at the bottom
• A person could rise to a higher class (social mobility)• Slaves- prisoners of war
• Considered property more than human• Egyptian women had many rights: could own property, run
businesses, enter into legal contracts
Science and Medicine Egyptians studied
the stars and practiced medicine◦ Astronomers-
scientists who study the stars and other objects in the sky
◦ Medicine: used herbalism- practice of creating medicines from plants
Pharaoh’s Tombs◦ Pharaohs began the long, difficult process of building
their tombs as soon as they came to power◦ Pyramid- huge buildings with four sloping triangle-
shaped sides◦ Giza- location of important pyramids ◦ Could take 20 years to build by slaves and other
workers
◦ http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=building+the+pyramids+of+ancient+egypt&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=060FBF1F9076037813DD060FBF1F9076037813DD
Great Pyramid
Tomb for Khufu an almost perfect square
(deviation .05%) Orientation is exactly
North, South, East West 2,300,000 blocks, 500ft
high 20 years to build Average block weighs 2.5
tons◦ Some weighed 9 tons!
Middle Kingdom◦ Egypt reunited◦ Pharaohs used Egypt’s wealth on public works,
instead of wars
New Kingdom Pharaohs built large armies, which made the Egyptians
nearly unbeatable Ramses I-XII rule Egypt It is during this time that Moses leads Jews out of Egypt
The Kingdoms
Pharaoh
Pharaoh was believed by the Egyptians to be the supreme ruler chosen by the gods to lead his people. They believed that when a man became a pharaoh, he also became a god. To keep the bloodline of the gods pure, pharaohs often married their sisters, mothers, and cousins.
Ancient Egypt prospered during three major time periods (kingdoms)◦Old Kingdom Menes united Upper and Lower
Egypt: well run government Traded with Nubia for timber At the end of the Old Kingdom
Egypt’s unity crumbled and the dynasties grew weak
Rulers
Menes◦ Legendary founder of the first Egyptian dynasty◦ unified Upper and Lower Egypt◦ Founded capital of Memphis
King Tut (Tutankhamun)◦ Became ruler when he was a child and died at around age
18
◦ His tomb was
discovered in 1922
completely intact
◦ Buried with
many possessions
Famous Ancient Egyptian Rulers
King Tut’s tomb
Thutmose III One of the greatest pharaohs Expanded empire to include
Syria and Nubia Treated defeated people well Tomb was in the valley of the
kings
Ancient Egyptian Rulers
Hatshepsut: only woman Pharaoh
Hatshepsut- Pharaoh Queen◦ Regent- someone who rules for
a child until the child is old enough to rule
◦ was regent for Tuhtmose III -> proclaimed herself as pharaoh
◦ Achieved economic success [trade]
◦ Built many temples
Religion
Osiris
Egyptian Gods and Goddesses◦ Deeply religious and
polytheistic believed in many gods and goddesses
Believed that their gods controlled life, death, and all of nature◦Amon-Re :chief god of
creation◦Osiris: god of afterlife
Egyptians carefully prepared their dead for afterlife- to ensure immortality ◦ Mummy- preserved body of a dead person
Believed the soul would leave the mummy but return to it to receive food
Mummification- expensive and took 2-3 months ◦ Organs removed
Put into jars◦ Decorated coffins
Not known when it started in Egypt Perfected by time of New Kingdom
Belief in Afterlife
1) Removal of the brain through the nostrils 2) Removal of the intestines through an incision in the side 3) Sterilization of the body and intestines 4) Treating, cleaning, dehydrating the intestines 5) Packing the body with natron (a natural dehydrating agent) and leaving for 40 days 6) Removal of the natron agent 7) Packing the limbs with clay or sand 8) Packing the body with linen (soaked in resin), myrrh and cinnamon 9) Treating the body with ointments and finally wrapping with a fine linen gauze, not less than 1000 square yards .
How to make a mummy: 70 steps
Gods & Goddesses
Isis
Powerful goddess She used powerful magic spells to help people in need
Isis was the wife of Osiris and the mother of Horus.
Gods
Horus
Horus: god of balance and harmony
Animal symbol: hawk
maintained the natural order: the flow of the Nile and the fertility of the soil.
Amun/Re Anubis Sun god Most powerful god in Egypt
Animal symbol: Ram
Wears crown with two plumes
god of embalming the dead (mummification process)
Watched over the dead
Animal symbol: jackal