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    I nt ermediat e School Level

    Soc ia l St udiesGlossary

    English / Arabic

    G

    loss

    ary

    Translation of Social Studies terms basedon the Coursework for Social StudiesGrades 6 to 8.

    Word-for-word glossaries are used for testingaccommodations for ELL/LEP students

    Last Updated: 08/18/09

    THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234

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    THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234

    Education - P-16Office of Elementary, Middle, Secondary, and Continuing Education and Office of Higher Education

    Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign Language Studieshttp://www.emsc.nysed.gov/biling/

    THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

    Regents of the University

    MERRYL H.TISCH, Chancellor, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ....................................................................... New York

    MILTON L.COFIELD,Vice Chancellor, B.S.,M.B.A., Ph.D. ......................................................... Rochester

    ROBERT M.BENNETT,Chancellor Emeritus, B.A., M.S. ............................................................... Tonawanda

    SAUL B.COHEN, B.A., M.A., Ph.D................................................................................................ New Rochelle

    JAMES C.DAWSON, A.A., B.A., M.S., Ph.D. ................................................................................ Plattsburgh

    ANTHONY S.BOTTAR, B.A., J.D. ................................................................................................... Syracuse

    GERALDINE D.CHAPEY, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ................................................................................. Belle Harbor

    HARRY PHILLIPS, 3rd, B.A., M.S.F.S. ........................................................................................... Hartsdale

    JOSEPH E.BOWMAN,JR., B.A., M.L.S., M.A., M.Ed., Ed.D......................................................... Albany

    JAMES R.TALLON,JR.,B.A., M.A. ............................................................................................... BinghamtonROGER TILLES, B.A.,J.D. ................................................................................................................ Great Neck

    KAREN BROOKS HOPKINS, B.A., M.F.A........................................................................................ Brooklyn

    CHARLES R. BENDIT, B.A. ............................................................................................................. Manhattan

    BETTY A.ROSA, B.A., M.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed., M.Ed., Ed.D..................................................... Bronx

    LESTER W.YOUNG,JR.,B.S.,M.S.,Ed.D. ..................................................................................... Oakland Gardens

    CHRISTINE D.CEA,B.A.,M.A.,Ph.D. .......................................................................................... Staten Island

    WADE S.NORWOOD,B.A. ............................................................................................................. Rochester

    Interim President of the University and Commissioner of EducationCAROLE F. HUXLEY

    Senior Deputy Commissioner of Education, P16JOHANNA DUNCAN-POITIER

    Associate Commissioner for Curriculum and Instructional SupportJEAN STEVENS

    Coordinator, Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign language StudiesPEDRO J. RUIZ

    Acknowledgements:

    The New York State Education Department Glossaries for English Language Learners were reviewed andupdated during the 2008-2009 school year. We would like to thank in these efforts the New York StateEducation Department Language BETACs (Spanish, Asian and Haitian Bilingual Education TechnicalAssistance Centers), the NYS Office of Curriculum, Instruction and Instructional Technology; the New YorkCity Department of Education Office of English Language Learners, and the NYC Department of EducationTranslation and Interpretation Unit.

    The State Education Department does not discriminate on the basis of age, color, religion, creed, disability, marital status, veteranstatus, national origin, race, gender, genetic predisposition or carrier status, or sexual orientation in its educational programs,services and activities. Portions of this publication can be made available in a variety of formats, including brailed, large print oraudio tape, upon request. Inquiries concerning this policy of nondiscrimination should be directed to the Departments Office forDiversity, Ethics, and Access, Room 530, Education Building, Albany, NY 12234.

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    Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

    ENGLISH ARABIC

    A

    abolition

    abusesacculturation

    adaptation

    advantages

    agrarian

    Albany Plan of Union

    alien

    alliance

    alliances

    Allied powers

    amendment

    American Federation of Labor

    American Railway Union

    American Revolution

    American system (Clay) ( )

    ancestor

    ancestor worship

    animism

    Annapolis Convention

    anthropology

    Anti-Federalists

    appeasement

    apportionment

    architectural drawings

    army

    Articles of Confederation

    artifacts

    assassination

    assassinations

    Assembly

    astronauts

    atomic bomb

    austerity

    autonomy

    ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Arabic) 1

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    Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

    ENGLISH ARABIC

    Axis powers

    Aztecs

    Bbaby boom

    banking

    Berlin airlift

    Berlin Wall

    bicameral

    bicameral legislature

    blitzkrieg

    Bolshevik Revolution

    bonds

    British North America Act ( )

    Buddhism

    business

    business organization

    C

    Camp David Accord

    campaign

    CanadaCanadian Bill of Rights

    canal

    Caribbean

    categories

    Catholics

    census reports

    Central America

    characteristics

    checks and balanceschemical warfare

    child labor

    Christianity

    chronological order

    chronology

    civil service

    ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Arabic) 2

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    Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

    ENGLISH ARABIC

    Civil War

    clan

    Cold War

    collapse

    commerce

    common good

    communism

    communist nations

    competition

    compromise

    Compromise of 1850 1850

    Confucianismconscription

    Conservation Day

    Constitutional Amendments

    Constitutional Convention

    construction

    consumer society

    consumption

    containment

    continental congressconvention

    cooperation

    corollary

    corporation

    corruption

    cotton

    court cases

    credit

    Cuban missile crisis

    cultural diffusion

    cultural diversity

    cultural identity

    cultural patterns

    cultural understanding

    currency

    ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Arabic) 3

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    Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

    ENGLISH ARABIC

    D

    debate

    Democratic Partydemocratic society

    depression

    depressions

    deregulation

    direct election of Senators

    direct versus indirect election

    disabled

    disadvantages

    disarmament

    discrimination

    diseases

    doctrine

    domestic

    domestic policy

    draft riots

    Dust Bowl

    E

    Eastern Hemisphere

    economic development

    economies (traditional, command,

    market, and mixed)( )

    elastic clause

    electoral

    emancipation

    Emancipation Proclamation

    Embargo Actemergence

    empathy

    enforce laws

    English

    English colonies (New England, Middle

    Atlantic, Southern)

    )

    (

    Enlightenment

    ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Arabic) 4

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    Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

    ENGLISH ARABIC

    equal rights

    equality

    Era of Good Feelings

    escapism

    espionage

    Espionage Act of 1917 1917

    establishment

    ethnic

    ethnic backgrounds

    ethnic neighborhoods

    ethnocentrism

    European Unionexpansionism

    F

    fact/opinion /

    famine

    Far West ( )

    farmer

    fauna

    federal

    federal (national) government (" ") " "

    Federal Reserve Act

    federal system

    federal union

    Federalism

    Federalist Papers

    Federalists

    Filipinos

    financial institutions

    First Continental Congress

    flora

    foreign

    foreign aid

    foreign markets

    foreign policy

    foreign trade

    ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Arabic) 5

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    Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

    ENGLISH ARABIC

    Fort Sumter ( )

    Fourteen Points

    franchise

    freedom trail

    French and Indian War

    French Revolution

    French-Canadian -

    frontier

    fugitive slave laws

    G

    gender

    genocide

    global economy

    Good Neighbor Policy

    graduated income tax

    Grange

    Great Britain

    Great Compromise

    Greece

    grids

    H

    Harlem Renaissance

    Haymarket Riot

    heroes

    heroines

    Hinduism

    historian

    historical analysis

    historical developmentsholocaust ( )

    human dignity

    human rights violations

    I

    identity

    illustrate

    ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Arabic) 6

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    Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

    ENGLISH ARABIC

    impact

    impacts

    impeachment

    imperialism

    imperialist

    incarceration

    Incas

    income

    income tax

    India

    indigenous development

    industrialindustrial power

    Industrial Revolution

    Industrial Workers of the World

    inflation

    initiative

    institution

    integrity

    interactions

    internationalinternment

    interrelationships

    interstate

    interstate commerce

    interstate highway system

    intervention

    intolerance

    investments

    involvement

    Irish

    Islam

    isolation

    isolationism

    Italy

    ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Arabic) 7

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    Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

    ENGLISH ARABIC

    J

    Japanese

    Japanese-Americans -Jews

    Judaism

    judicial review

    justice

    K

    Kansas-Nebraska Act -

    Kellogg-Briand Pact -

    kinship

    Knights of Labor " "

    Korean War

    L

    labor markets

    labor union

    land bridge

    Land Ordinance of 1785 1785

    Latin America

    latitudeLeague of Nations

    legislation

    legislature

    leisure activities

    life expectancy

    limited government

    Lincoln-Douglas debate -

    literature

    longitude

    Louisiana Purchase

    loyalists

    M

    majority rule

    Manhattan Project

    ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Arabic) 8

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    Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

    ENGLISH ARABIC

    Manifest Destiny

    manufactured goods

    manufacturing

    Marshall Plan

    Mayas

    Mayflower Compact

    Memorial Day

    mercantilism

    Mexican War

    Mexicans

    Middle Ages

    middle classMidwest

    military

    minorities

    minority

    Missouri Compromise

    mobile society

    mobilization

    Monroe Doctrine

    monumentsMuckrakers

    N

    NAACP

    NAFTA

    narratives

    national

    national origins

    nationalism

    Native American Indians

    NATO

    natural boundaries

    natural resources

    naturalization

    navigation

    navy

    ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Arabic) 9

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    Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

    ENGLISH ARABIC

    Nazi Germany

    Nazi Holocaust ( )

    Neolithic Revolution

    neutrality

    New Deal

    newspapers

    noninterference (laissez-faire) (" ")

    normalcy

    Northwest Ordinance

    nuclear

    nuclear families

    nuclear familynullification

    O

    oil

    Open Door Policy

    opportunity costs

    oppression

    oral histories

    ordinance

    Oregon Territory

    overpopulation

    P

    Panama Canal

    Parliament

    patriots

    patroonship system

    peace

    peacekeepingperceptions

    periodizations

    persecution

    Persian Gulf War

    perspective

    pioneers

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    Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

    ENGLISH ARABIC

    plantation

    plantation system

    pledge of allegiance

    policy

    political boundaries

    political parties

    political power

    politics

    popular vote

    population

    Populist movement

    postwarPoughkeepsie Convention

    poverty

    preamble

    precedent

    Preindustrial Age

    Presidents cabinet

    primary elections

    primary sources

    principlesprivileges

    proclamation

    productivity

    profit

    progressive

    Progressive leaders

    prohibition

    propaganda

    prosperity

    protests

    psychology

    Puritans

    pursuit of happiness

    ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Arabic) 11

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    Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

    ENGLISH ARABIC

    Q

    Quakers

    Quebec ActQuota Act

    R

    racial

    racial discrimination

    racism

    railroads

    ratification

    rationing

    recall

    recall election

    reconstruction

    reductions

    referendum

    reform

    reform movement

    regulation

    reliabilityrelief

    Renaissance

    reparation

    reparations

    representation

    repression

    Republican government " "

    Republican Party

    resignationrestrict

    rights of the minority

    river civilizations (Mesopotamia, Egypt,

    China, Indus Valley)( )

    Rome

    ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Arabic) 12

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    Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

    ENGLISH ARABIC

    Roosevelt Corollary

    Roosevelts Executive Order 8802 8802

    Roosevelts Treaty of Portsmouth

    S

    scandals

    scholars

    scientific

    sculpture

    secession

    Second Continental Congress

    secondary sources

    sectional

    sedition

    Sedition Act of 1918 1918

    segregation

    self-government

    Senate

    separation of powers

    separatism

    settlement houses

    sharecropping

    Shays Rebellion " "

    shelter

    Sherman Antitrust Act

    significance

    skilled workers

    social commentary

    social sciences (anthropology,

    economics, geography, history, political

    science, psychology, and sociology)

    )

    (

    social scientific method

    social security

    socialism

    Socialist Party

    sociology

    soup kitchens

    ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Arabic) 13

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    Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

    ENGLISH ARABIC

    Southwest

    Soviet Union

    Spanish-American War

    spatial organization

    sphere of influence

    spiritual beliefs

    spoils system

    Stamp Act

    standard of living

    state's rights

    states rights

    status quostatutes

    steel

    stock market

    stock market crash

    strategy

    Sub-Saharan Africa

    suffrage

    Supreme Court decision

    T

    Tammany Hall

    tariff

    tariffs

    tax

    temperance

    territorial expansion

    territory

    three-fifths compromise

    timeframes

    totalitarian

    totalitarian societies

    Townsend Plan

    trade

    treaties (Citizen Genet, Jay, and

    Pinckney)( )

    ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Arabic) 14

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    Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

    ENGLISH ARABIC

    treaty

    trends

    triangular trade

    tribe

    Truman Doctrine

    trust

    trusts

    Tweed Ring

    U

    underground railroad

    unemployment

    Union

    unionize

    United Nations

    United Nations Universal Declaration of

    Human Rights

    V

    Versailles Treaty

    Veterans Day

    vetoVietnam War

    village

    W

    wage

    wages

    Wagner Act

    war bonds

    War of 1812 1812

    Warsaw Pact

    waterway

    Western Hemisphere

    westward expansion

    westward migration

    Whiskey Rebellion ( )

    white collar ( )

    ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Arabic) 15

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    Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary

    ENGLISH ARABIC

    white-collar employees

    womens rights

    womens suffrage

    workforce

    working conditions

    Works Progress Administration

    World Court

    world power

    World War I

    World War II

    worldviews

    Y

    Yalta Conference

    yellow journalism " "

    ALBETAC 2007-2008 T*I-8497 (Arabic) 16