msip team kappamarsed.asu.edu/sites/default/files/msip_reports_pusd... · 2013-04-05 ·...

MSIP TEAM KAPPA

SCIENCE QUESTION •  How can crater diameter and rampart diameter

ratios of rampart craters be used to find different amounts of ice present in the Northern and Southern parts of Mars?

HYPOTHESES

•  Main: Rampart Crater ratios will be larger in the Northern part of Mars.

•  Alternate: Rampart Crater ratios will not change in the Northern and Southern areas of Mars.

QUESTION IMPORTANCE

•  It is important to find ice if the idea of humans on Mars would ever become a possibility.

DEFINITIONS •  Rampart crater- A specific type of Martian impact crater which are accompanied

by distinctive fluidized ejecta features, have evidence of ice or liquid water beneath the surface.

•  Chryse Planitia- A smooth circular plain in the northern equatorial region, located at 320°, 28°.

•  Solis Lacus Albedo- A dark feature know as "The Eye of Mars“ located at 270°, -27°

•  Alba Mons- A volcano in the Northern region located at 250°, 40°

•  Utopia Planitia- A large impact basin on Mars located at 118°, 49° •  Malea Patera- Located Southwest of Hellas Planitia at 312°, 63° •  Pityusa Rupes- Located Southwest of Hellas Planitia at 64°, 29°

•  Acidalia Planitia- A plain located between the Tharsis volcanic province and Arabia Terra to the north of Valles Marineris, centered at 46°, 42°

•  CTX image- A picture from the context camera found on the space craft named The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO).

•  Themis image- A picture from the Themis camera found on the space craft named The Odyssey.

CONTROL IMAGES

Chryse Planitia Themis Camera V14056013

Solis Lacus Albedo Context camera (CTX) B05_011544_1508_XI_29S87W

Black arrow: Crater Red arrow: Rampart

CONTROL IMAGES

Pityusa Rupes B02_010406_XI_61S332W

Acidalia Planitia V27059026

CONTROL IMAGE

Utopia Planitia V27803007


MARS/EARTH COMPARISON Earth

Haughton Crater www.marsonearth.org

Mars

V38464006

CONTROL IMAGES

B19_016925_2431_XN_63N127W Alba Mons

G03_019438_1223_XN_57S318W Malea Patera


RESEARCH •  Ages of rampart craters in equatorial regions on Mars: Implications for

the past and present distribution of ground ice: •  D. Reiss, S. Gasselt, E. Hauber, G. Michael, R. Jaumann, G.

Neukum(2006) •  Scientist are testing the theory that rampart craters may have formed

a significant time ago, which would mean that the minimum diameter of the crater would only reflect the ice depth at that certain time. The tests showed that a rampart crater will form within or shortly after water activity can cause a lowering of ground ice tables which is indicated by the increase of the crater diameter.

www.mendeley.com

CTX Image ID# Latitude Longitude Crater Diameter (KM)

Rampart Diameter (KM)

Ratio Region

P12_005545_1515_XI_28S093W -28.185 266.602E 7.31 14.35 14.35:7.31 Solis Lacus Albedo


B01_009843_1525_XI_27S087W -27.667 272.283E 10.72 27.2 27.2:10.72 Solis Lacus Albedo

B01_009922_1530__XI_27S085W -27.031 275.188E 8.8 22.2 22.2:8.8 Solis Lacus Albedo

P11_005426_1530_XN_27S084W -27.531 275.188E 8.8 22.2 22.2:8.8 Solis Lacus Albedo


P19_008498_1529_XI_27S084 -28.531 275.812E 11.1 21.9 21.9:11.1 Solis Lacus Albedo

B16_015984_1508_XN_29S081W -28.938 279.078E 10.5 26.9 26.9:10.5 Solis Lacus Albedo


B05_011557_1512_XI_28S082W -28.967 277.773E 8.95 20.26 20.26:8.95 Solis Lacus Albedo

B22_018058_XN_24S087W -24.044 272.801E 6.17 12.08 12.08:6.17 Solis Lacus Albedo



B18_016832_1514_XN_28S094W -29.254 265.428E 6.34 12.28 12.28:6.34 Solis Lacus Albedo

CTX Image ID # Latitude Longitude Crater Diameter (KM)


Ratio Region

B05_011544_1508_XI_29S087W

-28.219 271.914E 9.0 19.4 19.4:9 Solis Lacus Albedo

P18_007958_1514_XN_28S098W

-28.365 261.72E 8.5 20.9 20.9:8.5 Solis Lacus Albedo

P21_009355_1493_XI_30S084W


P20_008722_1542_XN_25S081W


B09_013113_1580_XI_22S083W


P10_004925_1592_XI_20S087W

-22.008 272.797 4.8 12.2 12.1:4.8 Solis Lacus Albedo

P11_005347_1596_XN_20S088W


P22_009487_1527_XI_27S088W


B03_010819_1561_XN_23S094W


CTX Image ID# Latitude Longitude Crater Diameter (KM)


Ratio Region

B17_016379_1208_XN_59S322W -58.927 37.38E 18.7 56.5 18.7:56.5 Pityusa Rupes



B02_010406_XI_61S332W -61.034 27.527E 13.7 35.3 13.7:35.3 Pityusa Rupes

P04_002508_1108_XI_69S330W -69.613 29.438 6.41 14.55 6.41:14.55 Pityusa Rupes

G13_23223_1089_XI_71S329W -70.33 30.789E 3.24 6.05 3.24:6.05 Pityusa Rupes

G13_23223_XI_1089_71S329W -70.402 30.635 2.32 6.77 2.32:6.77 Pityusa Rupes

G13_23223_1089_71S329W -70.151 31.057E 0.698 1.495 0.698:1.495 Pityusa Rupes




CTX Image ID # Latitude Longitude Crater Diameter (KM)


Ratio Region

P16_007399_1182_XN_61S307W

-63.968 52.416E 11.1 34.3 11.1:34.3 Malea Patera

B17_016379_1208_XN_59S322W

-58.557 37.361E 19.5 58.2 19.5:58.2 Malea Patera

P15_007004_1222_XN_57S323W

-57.55 36.266E 12.7 41.8 12.7:41.8 Malea Patera

P15_007004_1222_XN_57S323W

-57.183 35.98E 2.93 9.71 2.93:9.71 Malea Patera

G03_019438_1223_XN_57S318W

-57.449 41.621E 15.3 44.4 15.3:44.4 Malea Patera

G03_019491_1207_XN_59S325W

-59.251 35.186E 8.71 22.69 8.71:22 Malea Patera

P05_001782_1194_XI_60S314W

-60.569 45.613E 6.65 13.85 6.65:13.85 Malea Patera

P16_007399_1182_XN_61S307W

-64.003 52.538 11.2 37.5 11.2:37.5 Malea Patera

Image ID# Latitude Longitude Crater Diameter (KM)


Ratio Region

V11934016 328.949E 25.504 66 120.9 120.9:66 Chryse Planitia

V05631016 328.566E 23.859 65.7 78.7 78.7:65.7 Chryse Planitia

V28207014 330.547E 23.141 33.1 52 52:33.1 Chryse Planitia

V14056013 316.266E 29.53 15.1 40 40:15.1 Chryse Planitia




V26423017 325.68E 34.375 4.07 11.17 11.17: 4.07 Chryse Planitia



V12321006 325.797 29.75 6.46 13.06 13.06:6.46 Chryse Planitia










V22629010 331.612 26.423 13.2 26.4 26.4 : 13.2 Chryse Planitia

Region Latitude Longitude (E)

VIS ID# Crater Diameter (KM)


Ratio

Utopia Planitia

48.92 119.14 V10656009 27.9 40.9 40.9 : 27.9

Utopia Planitia

49.35 115.94 V27803007 15.4 40.4 40.4 : 15.4

Utopia Planitia

48.26 113.51 V05651017 7.0 26.3 26.3 : 7

Utopia Planitia

48.01 115.33 V04490006 5.6 12.93 12.93 :5.6

Utopia Planitia

48.99 118.391 V03641003 27.6 49.7 49.7 : 27.6

Utopia Planitia

50.21 117.67 V28639008 13.9 29.5 29.5 : 13.9

Utopia Planitia

51.56 113.17 V09870026 26.8 56.5 56.5 : 26.8


VIS ID# Crater Diameter (KM)


Ratio

Utopia Planitia

52.21 101.53 V29825008 16.0 32.9 32.9 : 16

Utopia Planitia

52.92 104.34 V2834011 8.0 22.4 22.4 :8

Utopia Planitia

48.85 119.15 V11567005 27.1 65.2 65.2 : 27.1

Utopia Planitia

50.12 117.14 V28352003 12.3 24.6 24.6 : 12.3

Utopia Planitia

49.47 116.10 V27803007 15.8 29.5 29.5 : 15.8

Utopia Planitia

47.02 117.14 V19292009 14.35 25.24 25.24 : 14.35

Utopia Planitia

47.85 115.03 V05626017 7.57 30.61 30.61 : 7.57


VIS ID # Crater Diameter (KM)

Rampart Diameter ( KM)

Ratio

Acidalia Planitia

42.65 328.57 V19060009 22.8 47.0 47:22.8

Acidalia Planitia

41.61 66 V09825017 42.1 66.0 66:42.1

Acidalia Planitia

42.92 332.44 V26897020 4.6 24.0 24:4.6

Acidalia Planitia

43.14 333.25 V28619017 4.6 23.23 23.23:4.6

Acidalia Planitia

43.14 333.25 V28619017 2.8 16.0 16:2.8

Acidalia Planitia

43.69 334.25 V28881009 11.2 38.3 38.3 :11.2

Acidalia Planitia

42.92 332.44 V26897020 5.9 24.3 24.3 : 5.9


VIS ID# Crater Diameter (km)

Rampart Diameter (km)

Ratio

Acidalia Planitia

44.68 35.73 V13394006 7.3 35.7 35.7: 7.3

Acidalia Planitia

44.31 31.43 V21743009 12.4 31.4 31.4:12.4

Acidalia Planitia

43.50 338.89 V27059026 7.5 36.9 36.9 : 7.5

Acidalia Planitia

45.39 341.67 V20345004 7.2 19.4 19.4 : 7.2

Acidalia Planitia

45.39 342.67 V20345004 6.8 14.7 14.7 : 6.8

Acidalia Planitia

44.25 344.26 V26959019 6.9 21.23 21.23: 6.9

Acidalia Planitia

42.39 344.82 V11347008 24.9 71.53 71.53:24.9

CTX image # La,tude Longitude Crater Diameter (km)

Rampart Diameter (km) Ra,o Region

B20_017399_2459_XN_65N109W 64 250 13.7 44.4 44.4:13.7 Alba Mons P18_008116_2474_XN_67N108W 67 252 5.9 15.6 15.6:5.9 Alba Mons B19_016925_2431_XN_63N127W 62 232 10.5 26.1 26.1: 10.5 Alba Mons P18_008117_2431_XN_63N133W 62 226 12.6 35.5 35.5:12.6 Alba Mons B16_015910_2355_XN_55N135W 55 225 7.2 19.8 19.8:7.2 Alba Mons B21_017901_2376_XN_57N134W 57 225 11.1 32.2 32.2:11.1 Alba Mons B20_017479_2343_XI_54N131W 54 230 16.3 82.2 82.2:16.3 Alba Mons P16_00739_2309_XN_50N125W 50 235 16.2 37 37:16.2 Alba Mons

B19_016991_2336_XN_53N127W 53 232 7.9 20.6 20.6:7.9 Alba Mons B17_016292_2314_XN_51N123W 51 236 9.9 35.4 35.4:9.9 Alba Mons B20_017307_2369_XI_56N115W 56 242 11.1 43.1 43.1:11.1 Alba Mons B20_017307_2369_XI_56N115W 56 242 5.1 21.2 21.2:5.1 Alba Mons

B16_015883_2341_54N117W 54 242 8.3 31.9 31.9:8.3 Alba Mons

B18-‐016556_2328_XI_52N129W 52 230 6.5 25.9 25.9:6.5 Alba Mons P15_006970_2398_XN_59N133W 59 227 14.5 54.4 54.4:14.5 Alba Mons B19_016854_2427_XN_62N125W 62 234 3.9 12.9 12.9:3.9 Alba Mons B19_016854_2427_XN_62N125W 62 234 1.7 4.9 4.9:1.7 Alba Mons

P19_008511_2443_XI_64N092W` 64 267 1.4 4.1 4.1:1.4 Alba Mons

P21_009091_2420_XN_62N090W 62 269 9.1 23.3 23.3:9.1 Alba Mons

P21_009091_2420_XN_62N090W 62 269 7.8 27 27:7.8 Alba Mons

B16_015922_2386_XN_ 58N103W 58 256 19 52.1 52.1:19 Alba Mons

B18_016832_2356_XN_55N106W 55 253 11.6 32.5 32.5:11.6 Alba Mons

B19_016977_2393_XN_59N106W 59 254 11.7 42.7 42.7:11.7 Alba Mons

B19_016977_2393_XN_59N106W 59 254 4.9 13.7 13.7:4.9 Alba mons

B20_01749_2410_XN_61N101W 61 259 22.6 71.8 71.8:22.6 Alba Mons

CTX Image ID # Longitude Latitude Crater Diameter (km)

Rampart Diameter (km)

Ratio Region

B16_016006_2298_XI_49N235W 124.734E

49.516N

9.6

20

9.6:20 Utopia Planitia

B17_016178_2254_XN_45N249W 110.387E

44.37N

5.8

14 5.8:14 Utopia Planitia

P15_006882_2241_XN_44N248W 112.088E

112.088E

1.45

3.7

1.45:3.7 Utopia Planitia

B03_010666_2263_XN_46N_246W 113.378E

46.180N

5.6 15.7 5.6:15.7 Utopia Planitia

B17_016191_2286_XN_48N245W 114.320E

47.942N


B19_017206_2290_XN_49N236W 124.115E

48.586N

3.8

20 3.8:20 Utopia Planitia

B19_017008_2350_XI_55N237W 127.793E

53.840N

9 19.1 9:19.1 Utopia Planitia

B19_017008_2350_XI_55N237W 124.223E

54.566N


B19_017008_2350_XI_55N237W 123.172E

55.977N


P15_006842_2310_XN_51N236W 123.887E 50.746N 10.9 28 28:10.9 Utopia Planitia

G01_018749_2369_XN_56N243W

116.350E

55.439N


B20_017338_2283_XN_48N241W

118.820E 48.898N 26 62 26:62 Utopia Planitia

P15_007027_2319_XN_51N247W

112.813E 51.633N 25 60 25:60 Utopia Planitia

P16_007238_2331_XN_53N249W

111.363E 50.447N 6.9 17.5 6.9:17.5 Utopia Planitia

B16_015901_2285_XN_48N248W


B18_016758_XN _47N244W

115.270E 47.965N 7.5 38 7.5:38 Utopia Planitia

B18_016837_2289_XN_48N241W

118.023E 50.227N 14 33.7 14:33.7 Utopia Planitia

B20_017338_2283_XN_48N241W


B19_016969_2363_XI_56N247W


B20_017246_2366_XI_56N249W


PLOTS ON MOLA MAP

Utopia Planitia Alba Mons Acadilia Planitia

Chryse Planitia

Solis Lacus Albedo

Pityusa Rupes

Malea Patera

PROCEDURES 1.  Download Jmars on your computer 2.  Go to Google and type in “Jmars” and click enter 3.  When the results come up, click on the first link 4.  Scroll down the page and find the box that says “JMARS Public Downloads” and click on “JMARS cross-

platform WebStart installer” 5.  When link is clicked, a pop up window will come up, click on “RUN” to download Jmars. 6.  Let Jmars download, this usually takes about 5 minutes to download. 7.  When the download is complete, another pop up window will come up asking for a username and password,

ignore that and click “OK” 8.  Once you’ve clicked “OK” Jmars is done downloading and a Layer Manager and a view of Mars will come up

in 2 separate windows. 9.  To find the region “Solis Lacus Albedo” go to “New Layer” on the Layer Manager window, scroll down and

click on “Nomenclature” 10.  At the top of the Layer Manager, click on the Nomenclature Tab. 11.  Go to the “Selected Landmark Types” list and click the first landmark type “Albedo”. 12.  Go to Navigation and on the “Landmark” list, scroll down and click on “Solis Lacus”. 13.  Once the region if found click on “Goto” on the bottom of the window. 14.  Now, Solis Lacus Albedo will be in your view, go to the “Main” tab and go to “New Layer”, “Stamps”, and click on “Projected CTX Stamps” 15. A window will pop up and click on “Set Lon/Lat to bounds of MainView” then click on “OK”

PROCEDURES CONTINUED 16. When clicked “OK”, the CTX stamps will come up and will look like long, blue rectangles. 17. In the images, find one that has a rampart crater in it. 18. Once an image is found, click on it, the blue box will be yellow now, and right click, scroll down to “Render Selected Projected _CTX Stamps” and click on “Render Selected as PROJECTED_CTX” 19. The image will now look realistic and to zoom in on the image, right click and click on “Zoom & recenter” and choose how far to zoom in. 20. On Layer Manager go to “New Layer” “Mas by Instrument” “Mola” “MOLA 128ppd Elevation” and click on “Plot Numeric Data”. 21. This layer allows you to measure the crater diameter and rampart diameter, to do this go to 1 rim and click, go across the middle to the other rim and DOUBLE CLICK. At the bottom of the screen, it will tell you how long the diameter is in KM, write the crater diameter in the data table. 22. To measure the rampart diameter, go from the edge of the ejecta, click and go across the middle to the other end of the ejecta and DOUBLE CLICK. Write the rampart diameter in the data table. 23. To find the ratio of the crater and rampart diameters, reduce if possible, and put the rampart diameter first, then the colon, and then the crater diameter. 24. Now put the image ID#, latitude, longitude, and region into the data table. 25. Repeat steps 17-24 until 30-50 images are found.

26. Go back to Nomenclature tab and change region to Chryse Planitia. 27. On CTX layer, delete that, and go to “New Layer” “Stamps” and click on “Themis”

28. A pop up window will come up like the CTX Stamps, and click on “Set Lat/Lon to bounds of MainView” and click “OK” 29. Repeat steps 17-25 with new region and stamp.

PROCEDURES CONTINUED 30. Once all images are found in Chryse Planitia, go back to Nomenclature tab, and find Utopia Planitia. 31. Delete the Themis Stamp for Chryse and create a new Themis stamp for Utopia Planitia. 32. Repeat steps 17-25.

33. Delete the Themis stamp and make a new stamp for Utopia using the CTX stamps. 34. Repeat steps 17-25

35. Now, go back to the Nomenclature tab and find the region “Pityusa Rupes”. 36. Delete the CTX stamp for Utopia, and set up a CTX stamp for Pityusa Rupes.

37. Repeat steps 17-25. 38. Once done in Pityusa, go to Nomenclature and find “Malea Patera” 39. Delete CTX stamp for Pityusa, and create a new CTX stamp for Malea.

40. Repeat steps 17-25 41. When done with Malea Patera, go back to Nomenclature and find Acidalia Planitia.

42. Delete the CTX stamp in Malea, and set up a Themis stamp for the new region 43. Repeat steps 17-25

44. Once finished in Acidalia, go to Nomenclature and find Alba Mons. 45. Delete the Themis stamp in Acidalia and create a CTX stamp in Alba Mons/

GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS

Alba Mons Acidalia

Planitia Utopia Planitia

Pityusa Rupes

Malea Patera

Chryse Planitia

Solis Lacus Albedo

LAYERS AND WEBSITES •  Nomenclature- Used to locate regions.

•  CTX Stamps- Used to find rampart craters in Solis Lacus, Alba, Utopia, Pityusa, and Malea.

•  THEMIS Stamps- Used to find rampart craters in Chryse and in Acidalia Planitia.

•  MOLA 128ppd Elevation- This later was used to measure the crater and rampart diameters.

•  Crater Counting Layer- Used to show where all images were found.

•  MOLA Shaded Relief/Colorized Elevation-This layer was used to show the elevation differences between the 7 regions.

•  Lat/Long Grid- This layer was used to find precise locations when images were found.

•  Mola Shaded Relief (NE)- This layer showed the view Mars.

•  HEND Epithermal (counts/second)- This layer allowed us to see where water was located on Mars.

•  Mars on Earth.org- This website was used to compare rampart craters on Mars and on Earth.

•  Jmars.com- This website was used to find the control image and used to find the geographic image.

•  Mendeley.com- Used to find scientific research for presentation.

LAYER LIMITATIONS •  Nomenclature- This layer was good to use to find the regions, but when zoomed in to far,

Mars is blurry and no images cannot be found.

•  CTX Stamps- These stamps were great to use, but the images were long and there were a lot of repeat images found.

•  THEMIS Stamps- This layer had a lot of images found within regions and poor image quality in the southern part of Mars.

•  MOLA 128ppd Elevation- Good to measure the features, but if zoomed to far in the image, measuring was not accurate.

•  Crater Counting Layer- Helpful, but can’t do much with it but show were all images were found.

•  MOLA Shaded Relief/Colorized Elevation- Doesn’t show raised or sunken features and shadows, only elevation.

•  Lat/Long Grid- Hard to get an exact lat/long points.

•  Mola Shaded Relief (NE)- Doesn’t give the realistic image of Mars and when zoomed in to far, the view of Mars is blurry and hard to find exact images.

•  HEND Epithermal (counts/second)- This layer was very blurry and it’s hard to see anything.

IMAGES

•  We used 50 Themis images and 87 CTX images. Giving us a total of 137 images used.

•  The data and images obtained is substantial enough to support our hypothesis and scientific question.

MEASUREMENTS We are going to measure: •  Crater diameter using the layer MOLA elevation 128ppd in JMARS by

clicking one side of the crater rim with a yellow line and continuing it across the crater diameter to the other side’s rim and double click to turn the yellow line red. The measurement is then displayed at the bottom of the screen in kilometers.

•  Rampart diameter also using the MOLA elevation 128ppd in JMARS, clicking one side of the rampart’s rim with a yellow line continuing it across the rampart diameter all the way to the other side of the rampart’s rim and double click turning the yellow line red. The measurement is shown at the bottom of the screen in kilometers.

MEASUREMENTS Red line: measurement of the rampart diameter Yellow line: measurements of the crater diameter.

•  Acidalia Planitia: Correlation: 0.877 Slope: 1.38 •  Utopia Planitia: Correlation: 0.800 Slope: 1.37 •  Alba Mons: Correlation: 0.899 Slope: 3.26 •  Utopia Planitia: Correlation: 0.948 Slope: 2.31

•  Solis Lacus Albedo: Correlation: 0.954 Slope: 3.32 •  Chryse Planitia: Correlation: 0.923 Slope : 1.37 •  Pityusa Rupes: Correlation: 0.980 Slope: 2.09 •  Malea Patera: Correlation: 0.979 Slope: 3.14

GRAPHICAL DATA

PLOTS ON MOLA MAP

Utopia Planitia Alba Mons Acadilia Planitia

Chryse Planitia

Solis Lacus Albedo

Pityusa Rupes

Malea Patera

GRS/HEND EPITHERMAL

Utopia Planitia

Alba Mons

Acidalia Planitia

Chryse Planitia

Solis Lacus Albedo Pityusa

Rupes

Malea Patera

•  Solis Lacus Albedo: 3.32 •  Alba Mons: 3.26 •  Malea Patera: 3.14 •  Utopia Planitia: 2.31 •  Pityusa Rupes: 2.09 •  Acidalia Planitia: 1.38 •  Chryse Planitia: 1.37 •  Utopia Planitia: 1.37

RESULTS

CONCLUSION •  Restated question: How can crater diameter and rampart

diameter ratios of rampart craters be used to find different amounts of ice present in the Northern and Southern parts of Mars?

•  Restated Hypothesis: Rampart Crater ratios will be larger in the Northern part of Mars.

•  Restated importance: It is important to find ice if the idea of humans on Mars would ever become a possibility.

REFERENCES •  Jmars Images: Christensen, Philip R., E. Engle, S. Anwar, S.

Dickenshied, D. Noss, N. Gorelick, and M. Weiss-Malik. "JMARS - A Planetary GIS." Jmars.asu.edu. Mars Space Flight Facility, Arizona State University, Dec. 2009. Web. 26 Mar. 2012. <Mars Space Flight Facility, Arizona State University>.

•  PowerPoint Images: Lee, Pascal. Http://www.marsonearth.org/. Digital image. Marsonearth.org. SETI Institute, Mars Institute, Canadian Space Agency , NASA, 2008. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. <http://www.marsonearth.org/>.

•  Scientific research: Reiss D., S. Gasselt, E. Hauber, G. Michael, R. Jaumann, and G. Neukum. "Ages of Rampart Craters in Equatorial Regions on Mars: Implications for the past and Present Distribution of Ground Ice." Medeley 41.10 (2006): 1437-452. Web. 29 Mar. 2012. <http://www.mendeley.com/research/ages-rampart-craters-equatorial-regions-mars-implications-past-present-distribution-ground-ice/>.

REFERENCES CONTINUED

•  Themis: Christensen, P.R., N.S. Gorelick, G.L. Mehall, and K.C. Murray, THEMIS Public Data Releases, Planetary Data System node, Arizona State University, <http://themis-data.asu.edu>.

•  CTX: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona

msip team kappamarsed.asu.edu/sites/default/files/msip_reports_pusd... · 2013-04-05 ·...

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