mso sag2 overview mepag
TRANSCRIPT
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Dynamic Mars: Activity, Transport and Change
Strategic Goals for the 2013 Mars Science Orbiter
OverviewJune 7, 2007
Report of the Mars Science Orbiter
Science Analysis GroupMSO SAG-2
Wendy Calvin, Chair
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Science Analysis Group (SAG-2) Chaired by W. M. CalvinCharter:
Review concepts forMSO 2013 including, but not limited to:- Trace Gas Investigation (including work from SAG-1)- Imaging (1-meter/pixel class or better to support future missions)- OrbitalGeophysics- Combination with a landed (drop-off) package
Goal: IdentifyMRO-Class Missions with outstanding science and with scientific feed-forwardto future near-term missions
Science Analysis Group (SAG-1) Chaired by C. B. Farmer
Recommended Aeronomy and Trace Gas MeasurementsEmphasized characterization of loss of water to space through the upperMars atmosphere.
Complemented by measurements of key biogeochemical gases (e.g., methane,ethane, etc.)
in the lowerMars atmosphere, possibly identifying local areas for future landed exploration.
Cost of mission, with straw-man payload, included in 2006POPguidelines (carried over to 2007).
Follow-upTwo Mars Scout teams, both focusing on the upper atmosphere processes and escape to space,
were selected for a head-to-head competition for the 2011 launch opportunity.A newScience Analysis Group was formed to re-evaluate options for the 2013 launch opportunity.
The New Study for MSO
History:SAG-1
Mars Science Orbiter (MSO 2013)MEPAG Science Analysis Group Activity
CurrentStudy:
SAG-2
MRO-class spacecraft
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Process
Group held weekly telecons, augmented by subgroup telecon meetings.Subgroups organized along discipline lines to develop key science questions,
traceable to MEPgoals and objectives:- Atmospheres, Polar, Geology/Geophysics, LandedGeophysics
Several science themes considered with agreement on 3 final mission scenarios, each of whichaddresses an overall theme ofDynamic Mars: Activity, Transport, and Change:
Plan A: AtmosphericSignatures and Near-Surface Change
Plan P: Polar and Climate ProcessesPlan G: Geological andGeophysicalExploration
A Core-Mission-Concept providing a good balance of in-depth focus and cross-disciplinary reachwas defined for each scenario.
Cost/mass option space was explored by considering options which either augmented orreduced the scope of the core concept.
One core concept and two augmented options included a landed drop-off package with the
following science:Geophysics (seismology, tracking for geodynamics, heat flow), Meteorology
Final Report
Discussed with MEPAG Chairs andMEPLeadScientist forMars
Posted on MEPAG website: http://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/index.html
Mars Science Orbiter (MSO 2013)MEPAG Science Analysis Group: SAG-2 Activity
MSOAttributes:
10-yearlifetim
efortelecom,
MRO-Class
Mission
1 June 2007
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MSO SAG-2 Members
Wendy M. Calvin, Chair - University of Nevada, Reno
Mark Allen, Jet Propulsion Laboratory/CaltechW. Bruce Banerdt, Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech
Don Banfield, Cornell University
Bruce A. Campbell, Smithsonian Institution
Phil R. Christensen, Arizona State University
Ken S. Edgett, Malin Space Science Systems (resigned 4/18/07)
Bill M. Farrell, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Kate E. Fishbaugh, International Space Science Institute
Jim B. Garvin, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
John A. Grant, Smithsonian Institution
Alfred S. McEwen, University of Arizona
Christophe Sotin, University of Nantes
Tim N. Titus, U. S. Geological Survey
Daniel Winterhalter Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech (Study Scientist)
Richard W. Zurek, Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech (Mars Program Office)
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Motivation: Follows up on recent reports of methane and active gullies
Strategy: Measure with great sensitivity a suite of trace gases whose signatures may reveal
subsurface geochemical and/or biochemical activity
Identify source regions through direct observation and by model inversion constrained byconcurrent atmospheric data
Extend the climatological record from MGS, ODY, and MRO
Continue to characterize surface changes
Key measurements: Abundances of key trace gases including, but not limited to, methane
Winds as well as profiles of dust, temperature and water vapor
Imaging with sub-meter resolution and high signal-to-noise (preferred for science and landingsite characterization)
Feed-forward: Landing site certification and atmospheric environment characterization
Identification of potential landing sites for astrobiological or detailed geochemical studies AFL, Mid-Range Rovers, MSR
Synergistic with concurrent landed network science
Plan A: Atmospheric Signatures & Near-Surface Change
Gully in Hale crater,MRO-HiRISE(UAz)
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Plan P: Polar and Climate Processes
Motivation:
Follows up on observations of active erosion of the residual south CO2 cap, of thediverse structures of the polar layered terrain, and of varied properties of seasonalvolatile deposits
Strategy: Measure the volume and density of seasonal and interannual change in volatile
deposits
Characterize the radiative energy balance, particularly of the seasonal and residualpolar caps
Extend the stratigraphic record from MGS, ODY, and MRO, particularly of the polarlayers
Continue to characterize surface changes
Key measurements: Precise elevation and volume of seasonal and residual volatile deposits
Winds as well as temperature, composition and albedo for energy balance andtransport
Imaging with sub-meter resolution and high signal-to-noise (preferred for science andlanding site characterization)
Feed-forward: Landing site certification and atmospheric environment characterization
Identification of potential landing sites at high latitudes for future exploration Mid-Range Rovers, MSR
Synergistic with landed network science High-latitude Network Station North polar stratigraphy,MRO-HiRISE(UAz)
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Plan G: Geological and Geophysical Exploration
Motivation:
Fill the gap regarding subsurface and internal processes Explore synergy between orbital instruments and a single landed geophysical package
Strategy: Two themes: Ancient Climate Change and Near-Surface Change Today
Characterize structure in the upper few meters of the Mars crust; observe thru dust mantles
Extend the stratigraphic record from MGS, ODY, and MRO and continue to characterizesurface gullies, debris flows, etc.
Explore the structure and activity of the Martian interior with a landed geophysical packageo Even a single station can characterize present subsurface activity and structure
Key measurements: Imaging the upper few meters of ground
Imaging with sub-meter resolution and high signal-to-noise (preferred for science and landingsite characterization)
Landed geophysical package with (in priority order) seismometer, ranging for geodynamics,
and heat flow experiment Inclusion of an integrated meteorological package provides important cross-discipline capability
Feed-forward: Landing site certification and subsurface structure characterization
Identification of potential landing sites for future exploration Mid-Range Rovers, MSR
Direct feed-forward to landed network science Guide development and strategy of network station instrumentation
Recent Impact, MRO HiRISE(UAZ)
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Polar Mass and Energy BudgetsPolar Processes Today
Geologically Recent Climate Change
Mars Science Orbiter (MSO) 2013Science RationaleScienceThrusts
MEPAG Science Themes Feed-Forward
Tectonic Activity on Mars
Geological History of Water on Mars
Past and Present Climates
MSO Science Goals
Past and Present HabitabilityModern Water Cycle
Current Climate Activity
Science:Ancient Climate Change
Surface Change Today
Missions:Network,MSR
Mid-Range Rovers
Science:Astrobiology
Atmospheric Transport
Surface Change Today
Missions:AFL, MSR
Mid-Range Rovers
Science:Modern Climate Change
Volatile Inventory
PolarProcesses
Missions:PolarAFL orStation
Mid-Range Rovers, MSR
Atmospheric Signatures ofSubsurface ActivityBiotic orGeochemical?
Surface ChangeChanges in Geomorphology
Credits: NASA/JPL andMRO CTX & MARCI (MSSS), MRO HiRISE (UA), MGSMOC (MSSS), M. Allen (JPL)
Seismic ActivityCrustal activity andDynamics
Surface ChangeChange in Geomorphology
Subsurface StructureWhat lies beneath the dust mantle?
Ice Cap VolumeVolatile Inventory
Dynamics of Volatile ExchangePolarEnergyBalance
Stratigraphy
Polar/Climate
DYNAMIC
MARS:Activity,Transpor
tandChange
Atmosphere/Surface
Geology/Geophysics
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Final Mission Scenarios
MSO Scenarios kg $ M
kg $M kg $M kg $M
Solar occ FTIR 42 35 42 35 42 35Sub-mm spec 35 35 35 35 35 35MARCI like imager 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1TIR spec (TES/MCS) 10 12 10 12 10 12 ** 10 12
HiRISE class imager (HCI) 65 45 65 45 * 65 45 * 65 45Multi-Beam Lidar Altimeter 32 30 32 30
Radio Sci, Ultra Stable Osc. 1 5 1 5Multi-spec SWIR/TIR 30 30 30 30 ** 30 30MOC+ 1m res Camera 20 25 20 25 * 20 25 *Syn Ap Radar (no ded. Antenna) 45 40 45 40 45 40 45 40
Landed Seismo 2.4 8 2.4 8 2.4 8Precision Tracking -X-band DTE trnspd 1.5 10 1.5 5 1.5 5
Landed Heat Flow 2.4 5 2.4 5 2.4 5
Landed Met Package 3.2 5 3.2 13 3.2 13
Reduced 108 108 99 108 121 98
Core Concept 153 128 164 146 151 147
Augmented 198 168 209 186 193 182
Alt. Augmented 163 159
kg $M
9.5 31
Core Concept: Best combination focused on Scenario Science Theme
Reduced: Compromise needed (varies) to fit Cost Guidelines from SAG-1 Study
AtmosphericSignatures and
Near-Surface
Chan e
Climate & PolarProcesses
Descopes imaging
capability
Descopes imag. &
composition
Plan GPlan PPlan A
SAR imaging
Trace gas, Atm.Monitor + dynamic
Hi-res. Imaging
Polar monitoringAtm winds
Hi Res imagingand composition
Geological andGeophysical
Exploration
High-res. Imag. +SAR imaging,
Landed sci. +composition
Descopes landed
sci. & compos.
Augmented: Broader investigation, but requires significant augmentation
* or ** indicates
substitution ofinstrument in reduced
science scenario
Totals
Landed Payload
SAR Imaging
Lander deliverysystem & Orbiter
accommodationcosts not included
Trace gases
Note: Plans A and P have different desires fororbit inclination (sun drifting and sun fixed).
Landed Sci
Cost-Benefit Brackets:
Orbiter
Lander
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Mars Science Orbiter (MSO) 2013Example Mission Concept Description
PAYLOAD
ELEMENTOPTIONS
* Imager (1 m/pixel)Landing site imaging, science investigations
* Trace Gas InstrumentAtmospheric constituents, sources, sinks
* Winds Instrument3D vector field wind mapping
* Thermal IR SpectrometerMineralogy, atmospheric gases, polar ice
* Wide Angle CameraGlobal atmospheric monitoring & surface imaging
* Included in Concept Payload
(Reduced Plans fit Cost Guideline)
Potential Substitutions/Augmentations
Synthetic Aperture RadarShallow subsurface imaging
HiRISE-class ImagerGeology and polar monitoring
Multibeam High-res. Laser AltimeterPolar volatile balance and global topography
Drop-off PackageSeismology, geodynamics, meteorology,and heat flow
Prominent Features
Nadir instrument deckPayload Mass 160 kg w/contingency
14 Gbits per 8-hr pass, X and Ka
500 Gbits data storage
10-year Ka/X/UHF telecom
Simple monopropellant propulsion
1500 W EOL power
FLIGHT
SYSTEM
MRO-class spacecraft
Science thrustsAtmosphere/Surface
Geology/Geophysics
Polar/Climate
Infrastructure for future missionsLanding site imaging
10 years telecom capability
Critical event coverage
Science data relayMSOOBJECTIVES
Example Payload Considered
MIS
SION
DESIGN
Launch November 2013
MOI Capture Orbit 300 X 34,000 kmAerobrake ~9 monthsScience Emphasis ~3 yrs, ~ 300 kmRelay Emphasis ~7 yrs, ~400 kmTarget Launch Vehicle Atlas V 411Launch Mass Capability 3510 kg
SDT 6/15/07 - 9/15/07AO Release 2/08MCR 5/08
NEAR-TERM MILESTONES
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Conclusions and Findings (1 of 3)
SAG-2 did not prioritize among the 3 scenarios
Each scenario will return significant new information relevantto our understanding of Mars, its history and potential for life
Each scenario provides new orbiter remote sensing capabilities at Mars--noone orbiter can address all scenarios adequately.
A landed drop-package can return significant science return even from asingle station.
All three scenarios have implications for missions now beingstudied to follow MSO, though the implications differ innature and degree depending on the scenario and the futuremission
Imaging with sub-meter resolution and high signal-to-noise capability is
needed for certification of future landing sites.
Different scenarios provide different kinds and levels of characterization ofother environmental factors (e.g., winds for EDL).
All scenarios provide information (though of different types) needed for humanexploration of Mars.
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Conclusions and Findings (2 of 3)
SAG-2 Findings
The Core Mission and Augmented scenarios may range $20-65M above the present cost guidelines: this requires somefunding augmentation, a paring down of orbiter costs, orprovision of a major component by international partners
All major payload elements, whether or not contributed, should be reviewedagainst the key measurement requirements.
The maturity of the required instruments is likely to vary considerably andreserves should be scoped accordingly.
The need for science team preparations forPhase E should not be overlookedforPhases B-D.
A core Mars mission should address key questions withinnovative, synergistic capabilities
The Core Mission Concepts achieve this with the significant science gainenabled by the proposed augmentations to the cost guidelines.
All resources should not be devoted principally to one element of the mission.
This includes maintaining significant, innovative orbiter science should a drop-package be part of the mission.
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Conclusions and Findings (3 of 3)
Immediate ProgrammaticDecisions Needed
Is the drop-package to be a key component of the MSOmission? The character of the MSO mission is very different with and without
this high-profile package.
The landed payload must accommodate (i.e., provide funding andmass) a meaningful geophysical package and should carry an
integrated meteorological package as well to justify its cost.
Which scenario should the Science Definition Team focuson? All return great science--programmatic issues thus become the
discriminators.
Different science scenarios are likely to require different choices ofmission parameters (e.g., orbit inclination).
What cost and mass resources will be baselined for MSO?
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For More Details, see the full Report:
MEPAG MSO-SAG-2 (2007). Report from the 2013 Mars Science Orbiter (MSO) Second
Science Analysis Group, 72 pp., posted June 2007 by the Mars Exploration Program
Analysis Group (MEPAG) at http://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/index.html.
This overview has been approved for public release by JPL Document
ReviewServices (CL#07-1783 )