mt 1 lt 3: the effects of historical documents and philosophers on future peoples, nations and...
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MT 1 LT 3: The effects of historical documents and philosophers on future peoples, nations and governments and revolutions?Essential questions:
How did the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights and the ideas/belief of the Enlightenment thinkers affect the revolution in America?
How did the ideas/beliefs of the Enlightenment thinkers influence the American Constitution & US Bill of Rights?
How did the ideas/beliefs of the Enlightenment thinkers and the American Revolution influence the Revolutions in France and Latin America?
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Review Time: Important Documents (Shouldn’t need to write down as you already have these
notes…right???)
The Magna Carta The English Bill of Rights
~Created 25 guys to watch king~People’s property is protected from being taken over~People can not go to jail without being charged with a crime~Permission needed to raise taxes
~Took almost all the King’s power away~More rights protected
-Freedom of speech-No army in peace time-Right to free elections-No excessive fines-No cruel and unusual punishment
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Review Time: Important Enlightenment Ideas (Shouldn’t need to write
down as you already have these notes…right???)
John Locke Montesquieu Rousseau
~Everyone has rightsNatural Rights –Life, liberty, and own property
~Government gets its power from the people~If a government doesn’t protect the peoples rights it can be overthrown!!!
Separation of power~When one person or group has all the power, then it becomes corrupt = violates people’s rights ~Separate a governments power up to keep it from being corrupt
~People are good, so they should create their own laws~People should elect representatives to run the gov. for them
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The 13 Colonies (What would later be the
United States of America) Take notes!!
Background on 13 colonies
~13 colonies (America) were controlled/run/governed by England ~13 colonies were not happy~Complaints 13 colonies had against England
-Taxes too high and too many new taxesLaws unfair-They have no say in the government/laws created-England will not listen to them and make changes-Soldiers lived in their homes (instead of barracks)-They didn’t have freedom of speech-Soldiers took their property away -People arrested without being charged
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It’s a Revolution I suppose…The American Revolution
~England and the USA go to war~War lasted 8 years~USA wins freedom1783~4 years later US Constitution is created
-Our current government!
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The Declaration of Independence
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government…
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The Declaration of Independence videos… History.com
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When you are done with the handout, complete the following…Causes Event Lasting Effects
The American
Revolution
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United States Constitution 101
MT 1 LT 3: The effects of historical documents and philosophers on future peoples, nations and
governments and revolutions?
Essential questions: How did the ideas/beliefs of the Enlightenment thinkers influence the American Constitution & US Bill of Rights?
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What is the US Constitution?
• The supreme law of the United States.
• It is the foundation and source of the legal authority underlying the existence of the United States of America and the Federal Government of the United States.
• James Madison is considered “the father of the Constitution.”
• It provides the framework for the organization of the United States Government.
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Why was it written?
• After the Revolutionary War, the Articles of Confederation set up the structure of the US Government.
• The federal government was extremely weak and this created many problems such as:(Pick 3)1. No separation of powers – only unicameral
legislature. 2. Weak central government – states had most power. 3. Congress did not have the power to tax – this means
they could not get their finances in order.
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What are the basic principles of the Constitution?
• Popular Sovereignty– Government power resides in the
people (John Locke, Rousseau)
• Limited government– Government is not all powerful,
can only do what the people let it.
• Separation of Powers (Montesquieu)– Helps prevent one branch from
becoming too powerful– Checks and Balances
• Federalism– Division of power among national
and state governments
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What were the important outcomes of the Constitutional Convention
• Great Compromise:– Hybrid of VA and NJ
Plans:• Bicameral legislature:
– House of Reps based on population
– Senate based upon equal representation
– Three-Fifth’s Clause:• Slaves count as 3/5’s
of a person for representation purposes & taxes.
• Federalists:– Supported the Constitution
and a strong central government
– Federalist Papers – series of articles written in defense of the Constitution
• Anti-Federalists:– Supported a weaker central
government – felt too much power was
taken away from the states.– Opposed the Constitution– Wanted a Bill of Rights
included to protect certain rights.
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Influences of Ideas and Philosophers
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Separation of PowersArticle I: Legislative Branch Article II: Executive Branch Article III: Judicial Branch
Bicameral Congress: ~Senate
2 Senators for each state~House of Representatives based on population
~Reps serve for 2 year terms~Senators serve for 6 year terms~Important Powers:
Make lawsSet taxesDeclare warOverride VetoesBorrow money
~President and Vice President are elected to 4 year terms~Qualifications:
~At least 35 years old~14 year resident of the USNatural born citizen
~Elected by the Electoral CollegeImportant powers:
-Commander-in-Chief-Grant pardons-Appoint federal officers-Ensure laws are executed
~Supreme Court judges serve for life unless impeached.~Judicial power rests with US Supreme Court and other courts created by Congress~Important Powers:
Decides cases of Constitutional law and federal lawCases involving ambassadors go straight to Supreme Court
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What are the Checks and Balances?
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Structure of the Constitution(Just copy Bolded)
• Preamble:– Statement of purpose
• Articles:– I: Legislative Branch– II: Executive Branch– III: Judicial Branch– IV: Relations Among the States– V: Amendment Process– VI: Federal Power– VII: Ratification
• Amendments:– 27 Total– 1st ten are the Bill of Rights
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Important Amendments:Bill of Rights (Sound familiar? Pick 4 to know.)
1. Freedom of religion, of speech, of the press, to assemble, and to petition
2. Right to bear arms3. No housing of soldiers4. No unreasonable search
and seizure5. Indictments; Due process;
Self-incrimination; Double jeopardy, and rules for Eminent Domain.
6. Right to a fair and speedy public trial, Notice of accusations, Confronting one's accuser, Subpoenas, Right to counsel
7. Right to trial by jury in civil cases
8. No excessive bail & fines or cruel & unusual punishment
9. There are other rights not written in the Constitution
10. All rights not given to Federal Government belong to states and people.
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Other Important Amendments:Reconstruction Amendments
• 13th Amendment– abolished slavery
• 14th Amendment– Due process and equal
protection under the law
– All persons born in US are citizens
• 15th Amendment– Right to vote
regardless of race, color, or previous servitude
18th AmendmentProhibition of alcohol
19th Amendment: Women’s suffrage
21st Amendment: Repeals prohibition
22nd Amendment: Presidential term limits
24th Amendment:Prohibits poll taxes for voting
26th Amendment: lowers voting age to 18
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Complete the following chart after finishing handouts 4 and 5.
Magna Carta (1215)
The ENGLISH Bill of Rights (1689)
John Locke Montesquieu Rousseau
The Declaration of Independence (1776)
Constitution of the United States
U.S.A Bill of Rights