mt-258-062 6/24/2014 tanwinder singh-300775635 tanish ... · reviewing pneumatic actuators...
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MT-258-062 6/24/2014
TANWINDER SINGH-300775635
TANISH JAGPAL-300775495
PRUBUJOT BUAMRA-300778224
STUART DAVIE-300605951
FORMAL REPORT
DOUBLE ACTING PNUEMATIC ACTUATOR ASSEMBLY
ATTENTION: KARUNA SAMU
FOREWARD PAGE1
Our group project is to design and construct a double acting pneumatic actuator assembly that meets requirements set by our sponsor; However, by exercising elicitation and taking an iterative approach these requirements will be categorized as external environments, enterprise environments, and project environments. As a group we are designating ourselves with individual roles that will highlight our strengths to ensure optimal production through a strict management structure to make our sponsor content as our group meets the implemented goals of the triple constraints. A work brake down structure will categorize our activities, A Gantt chart consisting of activities, deliverables, and five pre-set milestones will keep our group on module route, and a critical path method diagram will allow our group to estimate the cost of activities. As a group our project objective is to gain approval from our sponsor by demonstrating to our sponsor that our group is capable of designing and constructing a double acting pneumatic actuator assembly that will meet all requirements in a safe, and professional manner through network communication, and using readily available resources to ensure that our group is actively participating sustainability.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWARD ....................................................................................................................................................... #1
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... #2
REVIEWING PNEUMATICS2.1…………………………………………………………………………….……………………….…….#2 REVIEWING ACTUATORS2.2……………………………………………………………………………………………….…….……...#2
REVIEWING PNEUMATIC ACTUATORS2.3……………………………………………………………………………….…….….......#2 REVIEWING PNEUMATIC DOUBLE ACTING ACTUATOR2.4……………………………….……………………….………….…....#3 PROBLEM2.5…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….……….......…#4 BACKGROUND2.6………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….……..……#4-5 PURPOSE2.7…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…........…#5-6 LIMITATIONS2.8………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………….…....#6
DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................................................... .#7
PROJECT MANANGEMENT 3.1………………………………………………………………………………………………..….#7 SCOPE MANAGEMENT 3.1A ............................................................................................................................................... #8-9 TIME MANAGEMENT3.1B .............................................................................................................................................. #10-11 COST MANAGEMENT3.1C .............................................................................................................................................. #12-14
ACTIVITY DECOMPOSITION 3.2 .................................................................................................................... #15-17 PRELIMINARY CONCEPT & SKETCH 3.2A ............................................................................................................. #17-27 CALCULATIONS & ROUGH DESIGN 3.2B ................................................................................................................ #28-33
DEPART PHYSICAL CONSTRUCTION3.2C ............................................................................................................. #33-46 SUBMIT CAD DRAWINGS/SCHEMATICS 3.2D ..................................................................................................... #46-56 PROJECT TESTING & FINAL RESULTS 3.2E .......................................................................................................... #56-60
CONCLUSSIONS ........................................................................................................................................#61-63
RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................................... #64
APPENDIX........................................................................................................................................................ #65
APPENDIX 4.1A .................................................................................................................................................................... #65-70 APPENDIX 4.1B .................................................................................................................................................................... #71-75 APPENDIX4.1C ..................................................................................................................................................................... #76-78
DOCUMENTATION......................................................................................................................................... #79
APA STYLE REFERENCES5.1 ........................................................................................................................................ #79-80
INTRODUCTION PAGE2
Reviewing Pneumatics
(Brian S. Elliot 2006) Transmitting pressurized gases to mechanical motion is the department of technology sanctioned to pneumatics. (shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatics). (Ellis/Kuhnke 2009) We have an infinite amount of air supply for us to utilize for various applications and coincidence has it that our lungs are capable of producing a pressure of 1- 3 psi in fact our great ancestors used this as a technique to hunt prey with basic blow guns filling their lungs with a capacity of 6000 cubic inches per minute launching arrows at their targets hoping to provide food to their people. Approximately 3000BC our same ancestors developed a compressor to foster a warmer healthier fire by emitting wafts of air onto the embers in no structured sequence. Approximately 1500BC compressors were used for metal smelting sharing the same principals but in a more advanced form. Those same compressors that our ancestors had as a valuable tool as well as the compressors mechanics launched pneumatics to where it stands today. (http://www.ekci.com/brief-history-of-pneumatics-from-blowguns-to-pneumatic-valves-pneumatic-controls.html) Reviewing Actuators
(Sclater N. 2007) A motor that has a responsibility for moving or controlling a mechanism or system is classified as an actuator. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuator). (White, JR Lynn 1962) Archimedes understood this concept of how an Actuator functions and proved this by designing the Archimedes Screw that would transfer water lying in a low body to dry irrigation ditches operated by man or windmills. Archimedes lived approximately 287BC to 212BC. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes%27_screw). Reviewing Pneumatic Actuators
(September 25 2013) “A pneumatic actuator converts energy (typically in the form of compressed air) into mechanical motion. The motion can be rotary or linear, depending on the type of actuator. Some types of pneumatic actuators include:
• Tie rod cylinders • Rotary actuators • Grippers • Rodless actuators with magnetic linkage or rotary cylinders • • Rodless actuators with mechanical linkage • Pneumatic artificial muscles • Speciality actuators that combine rotary and linear motion—frequently used for
clamping operations • Vacuum generators
INTRODUCTION PAGE3
The motion can be rotary or linear, depending on the type of actuator. A Pneumatic Actuator mainly consists of a piston, a cylinder, and valves or ports. The piston is covered By a diaphragm, or seal, this keeps the air in the upper portion of the cylinder, allowing air Pressure to force the diaphragm downward, moving the piston underneath, which in turn moves the valve stem, which is linked to the internal parts of the actuator. Pneumatic Actuators may only have one spot for a signal input, top or bottom, depending on action Required. Valves require little pressure to operate and usually double or triple the input force.” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_actuators)
Reviewing Pneumatic Double Acting Actuator
(Majumdar S.R 1995) “Double-acting cylinders (DAC) uses the force of air to move in both extends and retracts strokes. They have two ports to allow air in, one for outstroke and one for in stroke. Stroke length for this design is Not limited, however, the piston rod is more vulnerable to buckling and bending. Additional calculations Should be performed as well.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_cylinder#cite_note-Majumdar-1
(Igor/Kregnin2006) “Pneumatic actuators are the components whose performance and cost can be the deciding factor in selecting pneumatic technology other than another actuation technique. The main trends of pneumatic actuator development include increasing the efficiency, improving the power to weight ratio, and construction rationalization, as well as proposing new types of devices” ( Structure and Design –Igor Krivts, German V Krejnin page 21 chapter 2) Pneumatic Double Acing Actuator – (See Appendix A Figure 1A) http://newengineeringpractice.blogspot.ca/2012/01/basic-pneumatic-training-course.html
(copyright@2003-2014-Uk Essays) “It was not until the 18th century that pneumatics began to take off as they were considered a serious industrial energy transfer medium.” (http://www.ukessays.com/essays/engineering/mechatronics-basic-pneumatics-history-of-compressed-air-engineering-essay.php)
INTRODUCTION PAGE4
Problem Design and Construction have a close relationship and it is key for our group in planning the assembly to recognize this and viewing the processes as an integrated system leading us to view design as a process of creating the description of a new assembly, represented by detailed plans, and specifications; leading our group to view construction planning as a process to identifying activities and resources required to transform the design into a materialistic physical reality. Construction is the implementation of a design foreseen by engineers in our case engineering technologists; Continuing, our sponsor has presented 4 assemblies to design and construct.
• Piston Cylinder Device
• Can Crusher
• Hand Operated Water Pump
• Ping Pong Ball Launcher
Our Group Project is to design and construct a piston cylinder device assembly that will result in approval from our sponsor.
Background
All of our group members have a mechanical engineering background that we can draw on for aiding in the successful completion to designing and the construction of a piston cylinder device assembly. Understanding properties of materials such as strength, elasticity, ductility and tensile strength will allow us to approach the design of our project with choosing the appropriate material for various components. Applying practical skills from strengths of material will allow us to determine what minimum size fasteners are required to support our assemble without the fasteners breaching braking point calculated from the stress strain ratio from young’s modulus, The knowledge of applied dynamics will allow us to understand the movement of the interconnected rigid bodies that undergo forces acted on them externally causing uniform planar motion such as translation and rotation of forces with respect to time derived by newton’s 3 laws of motions (Crowell Benjamin 2011)” First law: When viewed in an inertial reference frame, an object either remains at rest or continues to move at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.[2][3]Second law: F = ma. The vector sum of the forces F on an object is equal to the mass m of that object multiplied by the acceleration vector a of the object.Third law: When one body exerts a force on a second body, the second body simultaneously exerts a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first body.” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtons_laws_of_motion) Understanding hydraulics and
INTRODUCTION PAGE5
Pneumatics will allow us to approach this project with knowledge about the power source that will be the right selection for our application and the different components involved in the circuit to direct flow and control flow under pressure as exerted and transmitted equally in all directions throughout that such pressure variations remain the same on the surface it is applied to. The various Cad Cam software experience that our group is equipped with will allow our group to design a piston assembly device prototype for theoretical evaluations to determine if acceptable and if the assembly meets requirements so we can essentially transform the prototype to a materialistic physical assembly.. Purpose As a group our viable solution to the problem we are introduced to is to design and construct a double acting pneumatic actuator whom has horizontal action that meets all requirements under limiting factors that will result in approval from our sponsor. As a group we will meet scope goals, cost goals, and time goals through strict structured program management. As a group we will successfully prevent issues from arising that will obstruct our goals as well as overcome obstacles by demonstrating the keen ability to utilize resources that are readily available to our group by communicating in a professional way. Our double acting pneumatic actuator assembly will be powered by 50psi acting at 200rpms. Our power source manually activated from a push button will send airflow through a hose to a shuttle valve which will direct the airflow to autopilot solenoid a our double acting pneumatic actuator will extend exerting force on our connecting road through linear planar motion that will apply force on our crankshaft that will act on pivot joint #1 to act on pivot joint #2 to transmit rotational force to our flywheel which rotates at 200 rpms causing our threaded shaft to rotate and remain in a state of “pure sheer” transmitting power from its location to cam #1 and cam #2 being properly placed to trigger cam limit valve #1 and cam limit valve #2 in proper sequence. Cam #1 will act on cam limit valve #1 through the transmitted power from the threaded shaft causing limit valve#1 to send the pressurized air flow to activate air pilot solenoid b of the 5/2 directional control valve directing the airflow to act on the rod end of the actuator causing the actuator to retract from rear dead end centre position to front dead end centre position well the entire assembly is acting in uniform planar motion which will result in cam #2 to trigger cam limit valve #2 to send the pressurised airflow through the shuttle valve to activate air pilot solenoid a of the 5/2 directional control valve to direct the air flow to act on the cylinder end of the actuator causing the actuator to extend from its front dead end centre position to its rear dead end centre positon. All airflow will be through pneumatic air hoses that contain the airflow acting as a path from one location to the next dictated by 5/2 directional control valve limit valve number 1 and limit valve number 2 provided by the power source set at 50 psi. The machine control sequence will be continuous and have a maintained signal with respect until energy seizes degenerating pneumatic power to be no more resulting in mechanical energy to halt. Our group will demonstrate ability to adapt to circumstances by practising concurrent engineering, utilizing resources, having 24 activities labelled by the Greek alphabet with assigned effort designated to each activity, 5 mile stones with completion dates
INTRODUCTION PAGE6
throughout a fourteen week duration. As a group our project objective is to gain approval from our sponsor by demonstrating to our sponsor that our group is capable of designing and constructing a double acting pneumatic actuator assembly that will meet all requirements in a safe, and professional manner through network communication, and using readily available resources to ensure that our group is actively participating sustainability. Limitations Our group is aware of the boundaries that restrict us to parameters reinforced by our sponsor.
• Financial restriction of under $180.00 to be entitled to reimbursement
• Indefinite amount of time allowed on the shop floor
• Total of 150 hours of effort restricted to our group project ( 4 members x 3.75 hrs/week x 10 weeks )
• 14 week duration
• Group size of 4 students
• Our assembly cannot exceed 12in x 12 in x 30 in
• Our assembly cannot be greater than 50 lbs
• 5 pre-set milestones However, regardless of the boundaries that restrict us to parameters reinforced by our sponsor our group will continue to gain approval from our sponsor by demonstrating to our sponsor that our group is capable of designing and constructing a double acting pneumatic actuator assembly that will meet all requirements in a safe, and professional manner through network communication, and using readily available resources to ensure that our group is actively participating sustainability.
DISCUSSION PAGE7
Project Management
As a group our project objective is to gain approval from our sponsor by
demonstrating to our sponsor that our group is capable of designing and constructing a
double acting pneumatic actuator assembly that will meet all requirements in a safe,
and professional manner through network communication, and using readily available
resources to ensure that our group is actively participating sustainability. Our group has
launched this project on May13, 2014 with an uncontrollable due date to be finished by
August 12, 2014.As a group we have taken action by processing our activity planning
and organizing and motivating this project by controlling resources, procedures and
protocols in order to achieve our goals. These goals are broken down into 3 project
management goals and will be under the effects of the triple constraint. Our group
scope management goal is to complete all activities to ensure that our activates
produce products that will be elements in meeting five pre-set milestones, our group
time management goal is to incorporate our activities into a time frame with limited slack
that will ensure that these activities are completed by set dates that will result in mature
products to have as elements in meeting five pre-set milestones, our group cost
management goal is to remain under our financial budget of $180.00; However, we
have a budget of 150 hours in effort that we are striving for as a goal to remain under.
Our group goals will be achieved in order to satisfy our sponsor and gain approval of
designing and constructing a double pneumatic actuator assembly. We will achieve this
by not exhausting resources in activities that do not produce products; we will practice
sustainability for our global environment, and restricted management environments.
DISCUSSION PAGE8 Scope Management
Our group scope management goal is to complete all activities to ensure that our
activities produce products that will be elements in meeting five pre- set milestones .Our
group has limited resources and cannot afford to exhaust these resources by investing
resources in activities that do not produce effective products to meet the five pre-set
mile stones that have been implemented into place by our sponsor. Understanding the
essentials of scope management was idyllic to ensure maximum performance
throughout the course of this project and was first implemented when we as a team
were on route to Exploring set requirements in order for us as a group to fully diagnose
our limitations and to fully understand how to satisfy our sponsor we know is a priority.
In order to do this we first had to apply a helpful productive technique in order to break
down the requirements called elicitation separating the Requirements into categories so
that they can be identified and managed properly. We use an iterative approach to
define requirements since they were unclear at the beginning of our project. The
following categories go as follows external enviroments, enterprise environments, and
project environments. As a group we have generated a work brake down structure (See
Appendix B) in order to fully satisfy our scope management goal to complete all activities
to ensure that our activities produce products that will be elements in meeting five pre-
set milestones that are submitting preliminary concept & sketch, submitting calculations
and rough design, depart physical construction, submit cad drawings & schematics, and
project testing & final results. As a group we broke down submitting preliminary concept
& sketch into 6 deliverables; research to begin, brainstorm, understand requirements,
DISCUSSION PAGE9
Know components, assign duties’, and identify budget. As a group we broke down
submitting calculations & rough design into 6 deliverables; component evaluation,
obtain components, analytical calculations, continuing design, start cad drawing, and
maintain budget. As a group we broke down depart physical construction into 6
deliverables; intro to shop floor, investigate pneumatic components, meeting with P/M
sponsor, research (to end), cost analysis, and cad cam software. As a group we broke
down submitting cad drawings & schematics into 3 deliverables; performing concurrent
engineering, construction, and troubleshooting failure/prevention. As a group we broke
project testing & final results into 3 deliverables; modifying, improvising and
rationalizing, final assembly, and approval. Our group scope management goal is to
complete all activities to ensure that our activities produce products that will be
elements in meeting five pre- set milestones we will achieve this goal by processing our
activity planning and organizing and motivating this project by controlling resources,
procedures and protocols; we will practice sustainability for our global environment, and
restricted management environments.
APPENDIX PAGE71
APPENDIX B
Work Brake-Down Structure that supports the information at the detailed section in the Technical Report
Research To Begin
Analytical Calculations
Continuing Design
Start Cad Drawing
Component Evaluation
Maintain Budget
Brainstorm
Know Components
Assign Duties
Identify Budget
Understand
Requirements
Obtain Components
Double Acting Pneumatic
Actuator Assembly
Preliminary
Concept
&
Sketch
Calculations
&
Rough
Design
Depart
Physical
Construction
Submit Cad
Drawings
&
Schematics
Project Testing
&
Final
Results
Intro To
Shop Floor
Investigate
Pneumatic
Components
Meeting
with P/M
Sponsor
Research
(To End)
Coat
Analysis
Cad Cam
Software
Performing
Concurrent
Engineering
Construction
Trouble
Shooting
Failure
Prevention
Modifying
Improvising
Rationalizing
Final
Assembly
Approval
DISCUSSION PAGE10
Time Management
Our time management goal is to incorporate our activities into a time frame with
limited slack that will ensure that these activities are completed by set dates that will
result in mature products to have as elements in meeting five pre-set milestones. Our group has limited resources and cannot afford to exhaust these resources by investing
resources in activities that do not produce effective products to meet the five pre-set
mile stones that have been implemented into place by our sponsor. Our group is
incorporating our activities into a time frame with limited slack by allowing certain
activities to run concurrent of each other and allowing certain activities to run
consecutive of each other. As a group we identify twenty four deliverables (See Appendix
B) whose efforts will yield mature products that will be elements of the five pre-set
milestones with respect to their required dates of delivery.
• Required date of delivery May20, 2014 preliminary concept & sketch
• Required date of delivery June3, 2014 - calculations & rough design
• Required date of delivery June17, 2014 - depart physical construction
• Required date of delivery July8, 2014 - submit drawings/schematics
• Required date of delivery July29, 2014 – project testing & final results
Labelling all twenty four deliverables with designations and determining what activities
are dependent of one another will allow our group to create a Gantt chart and a critical
path method diagram. Research to begin, brainstorm, and intro to shop floor are all
independent activities; However, understanding requirements, know components,
DISCUSSION PAGE11
assign roles and duties of members, identify financial budget, component evaluation,
obtain components, analytical calculations, continue design, start cad drawings,
maintain financial budget, investigate pneumatic components, meeting with
P/M/sponsor, research (to end), cost analysis, utilizing cad cam software, performing
concurrent engineering, construction, troubleshooting/failure prevention,
modifying/improvising/rationalizing, final assembly, and approval are all activates that
require dependencies(See Appendix B). As a group we manage these activities by placing
them in an appropriate time slot with a duration to will allow us as a group to identify
what tasks can run concurrent and what tasks will run consecutive with respect to one
another. Research to begin has a time to launch on May13, 2014 and be to complete on
June10, 2014 when research (to end) will run consecutive launching June10, 2014 and
will be expected to finish on July15, 2014. Understand requirements is an activity that
will launch may13, 2014 and have a duration of 12 weeks to finish on July29, 2014.
Understand requirements is an example of an activity whom will allow other activities to
run concurrent, and research (to end) is an example of an activity whom runs
consecutive with respect to another activity. Having developed this strategy of time
management and constructing a Gantt chart (See Appendix B) is how we as a group have
managed to take action by processing our activity panning and organizing and
motivating this project to design and construct an double acting pneumatic actuator
assembly by controlling resources, procedures, and protocols.
DISCUSSION PAGE12
Cost Management Our group cost management goal is to remain under our financial budget of $180.00; However, we have a budget of 150 hours in effort that we are striving for as a goal to remain under. Our group has limited resources and cannot afford to exhaust these resources by investing resources in activities that do not produce effective products to meet the five pre-set mile stones that have been implemented into place by our sponsor. For our group to be successful in designing and constructing a double
acting pneumatic actuator assembly we are practising sustainability globally, as well as
with respect to our restrictions that are limited to our group. Our group design and
construction plan is to reuse readily available resources to us in order not to exhaust
these limited resources. Utilizing the scrap material will allow us to stay with means of
our financial budget $180.00 as well as stay within our means of our cost budget that
consist of 150 hours of effort derived from having 4 group members, having 3.75 hrs per
week with a duration of 10 weeks( 4 x 3.75 x 10 = 150 hours of effort). This algebra
allows our group to be able to identify how to manage our effort and what activities
require a specified amount of effort in order to yield effective products to satisfy the five
pre-set milestones that have been implemented by our sponsor. The actives have been
branded and designated as dependent or independent and this is a required
dependency in developing a critical path method diagram.(See Appendix B). Generally a
critical path method diagram will reveal the duration of the project and identify a path
that will reveal a minimum amount of duration it takes to complete the proposed project;
However, our group has recognized that our project will launch May13, 2014 and be
DISCUSSION PAGE13
completed by August 12, 2014 our group is interchanging the same principals and
discipline it takes to construct a critical path by integrating the properties which will be
analogous in determining a critical path that will reveal the least amount of effort
required to complete our group project of designing and assembling a double acting
pneumatic actuator assembly. Having a summation of effort also allows our group to
design and construct a critical path method diagram which will dictate how much effort
each activity will consume as well as to let our group identify a critical path that for our
group to be aware that will have a minima allowable slack to motivate our group project
objective to gain approval from our sponsor by demonstrating to our sponsor that our
group is capable of designing and constructing a double acting pneumatic actuator
assembly that will meet all requirements in a safe, and professional manner through
network communication, and using readily available resources to ensure that our group
is actively participating sustainability. Alpha (research to begin) requires a cost 10 hrs of
effort, Beta (brainstorm) requires a cost 8 hrs of effort, Gamma (understand
requirements) requires a cost 4 hrs of effort, Delta (know components) requires a cost
5 hrs of effort, Epsilon (assign roles and duties of members) requires a cost 1 hrs of
effort, Zeta (identify financial budget) requires a cost 4 hrs of effort, Nu (component
evaluation) requires a cost 4 hrs of effort, Theta (obtain components) requires a cost 10
hrs of effort, Iota (analytical calculations) requires a cost 10 hrs of effort, Kappa
(continue design) requires a cost 10 hrs of effort, Lamda (start cad drawings) requires a
cost 12 hrs of effort, Mu (maintain financial budget) requires a cost 4 hrs of effort, Eta
(intro to shop floor) requires a cost 4 hrs of effort, Xi (investigate pneumatic
DISCUSSION PAGE14
Components) requires a cost 4 hrs. of effort, Omicron (meeting with P/M/ sponsor)
requires a cost 4 hrs. in effort, Rho (cost analysis) requires a cost 4 hrs. of effort,
Sigma (utilizing cad cam software) requires a cost 14 hrs. of effort, Tau (performing
concurrent engineering) requires a cost 4 hrs. of effort, Upsilon (construction) requires a
cost 9 hrs. of effort, Psi (trouble shooting/failure prevention) requires a cost 4 hrs. of
effort, Chi (modifying/improvising/rationalizing) requires a cost 4 hrs. of effort, Phi (final
assembly) requires a cost 5 hrs. of effort, and Omega (approval) requires a cost 4 hrs.
of effort.(See Appendix B). A crtical path has been identified and the summation of effort is
121 hrs. This critical path identified research to begin, know components, component
evaluation, obtain components, analytical calculations, continue design, start cad
drawing , meeting with P/m/sponsor, research (to end), cost analysis, utilizing cad
cam software, performing concurrent engineering, construction, troubleshooting/failure
prevention, modifying/improvising/rationalizing, final assembly, and approval is a path in
the critical path method diagram that has the least amount of slack or float and needs to
be monitored closely by our group to achieve our project objective to gain approval from
our sponsor by demonstrating to our sponsor that our group is capable of designing and
constructing a double acting pneumatic actuator assembly that will meet all
requirements in a safe, and professional manner through network communication, and
using readily available resources to ensure that our group is actively participating
sustainability.
DISCUSSION PAGE15
Activity Decomposition
As a group our project objective is to gain approval from our sponsor by demonstrating to our sponsor that our group is capable of designing and constructing a double acting pneumatic actuator assembly that will meet all requirements in a safe, and professional manner through network communication, and using readily available resources to ensure that our group is actively participating sustainability. As a group we
identified five pre-set milestones that need to be achieved in order to ultimately satisty
our sponsor. As a group we have identified the activites that will be involved through this
project, their dependencies if the activities require them, the resources that each activity
will require, and the duration of our project to design and construct a double acting
pneumatic actuator assembly to launch May13, 2014 and be completed by August 12,
2014. The five pre-set milestones implemented by our sponsor and their activities to
produce effective products is entailed as follows
• Required date of delivery May20, 2014 preliminary concept & sketch
1. Research to begin
2. Brainstorm
3. Understand requirements
4. Know components
5. Assign roles and duties of members
6. Identify financial budget
DISCUSSION PAGE16
• Required date of delivery June3, 2014 - calculations & rough design
1. Component evaluation
2. Obtain components
3. Analytical calculations
4. Continue design
5. Start cad drawing
6. Maintain financial budget
• Required date of delivery June17, 2014 - depart physical construction
1. Intro to shop floor
2. Investigate pneumatic components
3. Meeting with P/M/sponsor
4. Research (to end)
5. Cost analysis
6. Utilizing cad cam software
• Required date of delivery July8, 2014 - submit drawings/schematics
1. Performing concurrent engineering
2. Construction
3. Troubleshooting/failureprevention
DISCUSSION PAGE17
• Required date of delivery July29, 2014 – project testing & final results
1. Modifying/improvising/rationalizing
2. Final Assembly
3. Approval
Preliminary Concept & Sketch
(Research (To Begin)) - At the beginning of our project we know that extensive
research had to be carried out consistently with or without certainty. As a group our
project objective is to gain approval from our sponsor by demonstrating to our sponsor
that our group is capable of designing and constructing a double acting pneumatic
actuator assembly that will meet all requirements in a safe, and professional manner
through network communication, and using readily available resources to ensure that
our group is actively participating sustainability. Research led us to come to know our
set milestones that consisted of developing a preliminary concept sketch, calculations
and rough design, departing Construction, submitting formal drawings and schematics,
and project testing and results. Research led us to have an interest a double-acting
glass cylinder (See Appendix A Figure 1B) (Air Port Corporation 2014)
(http://www.airpot.com/piston-cylinder-p-73-l-en.html) to observe the internal action during
motion. Further Research led us to identify the friction levels associated with the glass
cylinder under the conditions due to
circumstanceshttp(://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/friction-coefficients-d_778.html). Would
be acceptable to carry on with our project Identifying Research (to begin) would also be
DISCUSSION PAGE18
a dependency on these other activities such as understanding requirements, knowing
components, identifying financial budget, analytical calculations, and obtaining
components.
(Brainstorm) - Early stages of brainstorming consisted of us having discussions
of the various types of resources that were readily available to us in order to complete
individual tasks accordingly these resources that were discovered were support from
our program sponsor who made himself available to us to give us guidance and advice
when needed from his professional experience. We also were introduced to other
assemblies of pneumatic actuator devices that were functional; however, that
introduction awakened our competitive nature to surpass the assembly that we were
introduced to. Computer Software, Suppliers of raw material, machinery, financies,
effort, duration, knowledge etc. were some of the other resources that were identified. At
first glance we wanted our project to have an inclined single acting actuator at a 45
degree angle, with a flywheel made of heavy steel to retract the piston with its level of
inertia as well as aided by gravitational force drawing the piston back to home position.
This idea was terminated and abandoned and will be a turning point identified later on in
this report ;.( see meeting with sponsor). Knowing that we had to determine the
properties of each of the components involved in our assembly and assign roles and
duties to each member Brainstorming became a dependency of these activities
DISCUSSION PAGE19
(Understanding Requirements) - is an activity that was ongoing throughout the
whole duration of the project. We used an Iterative approach to draw down the initial
requirements early in our project, and then as our project progressed we refined them
as specified. We used Elicitation to identify these requirements separately in structured
categories.
• External environments are forces outside of our project that we have no control over
preventing from happening; However, we as technologists can absolutely adapt to these
situations when they occur. We decided that proper communication amongst our group
members was a strong value that we were going to optimize to the fullest. We
exchanged contact information and made verbal agreements to contact each other if we
were going to be absent or late at meetings. Also participating in safety orientation,
having limited freedom to use to machine equipment, having our project coordinated by
the five pre-set milestones with due dates were events that we could not control, but
again we could adapt to them.
• Enterprise environments are set requirements and criteria that need to be satisfied for
our group project to be successful and to complete the objective to gain approval from
our sponsor by demonstrating to our sponsor that our group is capable of designing and
constructing a double acting pneumatic actuator assembly that will meet all
requirements in a safe, and professional manner through network communication, and
using readily available resources to ensure that our group is actively participating
DISCUSSION PAGE20
sustainability The pre requisites we had to meet in order to start our project were MT
153 and MT 204. The set Criteria goes as follows, our maximum group size is of four
students, our machine must not be bigger than 12inx20inx30in, the weight of the project
must not exceed 50 lbs., financial cost must not exceed 180.00 $ , the project will need
to be transferred to and from each team’s locker before and after class. Our design
ideas must be from a list defined by the instructor solution of a problem or technical
challenge defined by the instructor the project must use theory from 3 (2 core one
additional) of the previous courses property of material, strength of material, and applied
dynamics , as well as meeting a minimum of hydraulics and pneumatics. Our project
also must be accompanied by a TR that meets the standards of OACETT (IETO
Admissions Committee Sept 2006, Revised Dec 2010) . “In addition to providing a reasoned
investigation and analysis into an engineering or applied science Technology problem,
the TR must communicate the information in a standard, comprehensible manner
Following acceptable style, formatting and language considerations. Thus, the report
will be evaluated in Two major areas: Structure and Mechanics; and Technology
Content. Each must be considered Acceptable to achieve a final grade of
“Satisfactory””.
.(http://www.oacett.org/downloads/get_certified/technology_report/Technology_Report_
Guidelines.pdf)
• Project Environments consist in this project of the elements that our project is bounded
DISCUSSION PAGE21
to and the specifications that our project has to meet. Our Double Acting Pneumatic
Pneumatic Powered Actuator has to be air driven, have a maximum bore diameter of 1
in, and have a minimum operating speed of 200 rpm and approximately 50 psi.
Successfully meeting the 5 milestones on the course of this project is a project
environment that has to be met and is outlined throughout this report. The 5 milestones
and dates go as follows
1.) Preliminary Concept Sketch - May 20 2014
2.) Calculations and Rough Design - June 3 2014
3.) Depart Physical Construction - June 17 2014
4.) Submit Formal Drawing and Schematics - July 8 2014
5.) Project Testing and Final results - July 29 2014
Our Requirements that we had to meet in order for our objective to be met is a factor
that we had to consider at all-time throughout the cycle of this project. The Iterative
approach was a constant repletion of always being conscientiously aware of the
requirements and ensuring that our deliverables meet the requirements listed by our
sponsor. Understanding Requirements was an activity that was a dependency of all
other activities but led us directly to obtaining components and performing concurrent
engineering.
(Know Components) - As a group we identified mechanical components that
would lead to a successful completion of a double acting pneumatic actuator assemblw.
DISCUSSION PAGE22
Double Acting Pneumatic Actuator - uses the force of air to move in both extend and
retract strokes having two ports to allow air in, one for outstroke and one for in stroke.
Stroke length is 5 inches with a bore diameter of 1 inch. Stainless steel purchased from
active surplus electronics and machinery O/O by Active Surplus Machinery ltd for $
37.23
CRNC Brackets- To offer supports and to fasten the assembly together to prevent
turbulence during pneumatic actuator actuation.
8 3x3/4” brackets with 3/8” diameter holes cost $4.95
4 2x5/8” Brackets with 3/8” diameter holes cost $7.45
Fasteners – The fasteners that are used in double acting pneumatic actuator assembly
are various standard sizes that consist of washers, bolts, screws, and nuts. The sizes
vary; However, are a greater size then the least diameter required.(See Analytical
Calculations 3.2B)
Wooden Support Structure- The wooden support structure that we have used for our
project acts as a mounting board as well as offer a strong support for our assembly. The
material is wood which allows us to modify and mount brackets and supports to it easily.
This component was manufactured from recycled material. And we used no finances to
obtain it.
Pivot Joint Number 1 - is attached to the rod of the actuator providing rotational mobility
as well as to transfer force. This component was manufactured from recycled aluminum
material and we used no finances to obtain it.
DISCUSSION PAGE23
Pivot Joint Number 2 - is attached to the crankshaft to pivot joint number 1(connected
by a slim narrow link) providing rotational mobility as well as transferring force. Similarly
the component was manufactured from recycled aluminum material and we used no
finances to obtain it.
Support Column – is manufactured from readily available steel and is double plated
primarily located at the front dead end center offer reinforced support to the actuator
and the wooden support structure.
Threaded Shaft –is to transmit power from the rotation of the flywheel to the rotation of
the cams. The threaded shaft is 5 inches in length and has a ½-13 UNC thread. This
was manufactured from readily available recycled material and we consumed no
finances to obtain it.
Crankshaft – the function of the crank shaft in our assembly is to convert reciprocating
motion and rotational motion. The crankshaft is attached to a pin that is attached to the
flywheel and is attached to the rod of the actuator as well the crankshaft is the link that
mandates these rigid bodies to move in uniform motion. The crankshaft is half the size
of the diameter (3 inches) to ensure that all the same characteristics are mandated
during cycles, angular velocity, angular acceleration, inertia etc…
DISCUSSION PAGE24
(See Appendix A Figure 1C)
(Ritti,Grewe,Kessener2007)“Roman Hierapolis sawmill from the 3rd century AD, the
earliest known machine to combine a crank with a connecting rod.(Journal of Roman
Archaeology- Tullia Ritti, Klaus Grewe, Paul Kessener, Page 161 chapter 20). The
crankshaft has been manufactured from readily available recycled aluminum that
consumed no finances.
Fly Wheel- The function of the flywheel is to store rotational energy by having a
significant moment of inertia by resisting changes in its rotational speed. The flywheel
acts as a secondary source of energy to working alongside with the power generated
from our air supply to maintain the double acting sequence of the double acting actuator
acting from dead front end to dead rear end. Also the function of the fly wheel is to offer
stability to the entire system. The fly wheel is of steel that is of recycled of material and
consumed no finances to obtain it; However, we did make modifications on it to remove
unwanted material. The flywheel has an outside diameter of 5 inches, and a center hole
of 1 inch.
Cams- The cams that are being used are located on a shaft that is attached to the
flywheel and positioned in such a manner that will trigger the limit switches appropriately
to control the settings and commands of the actuator when the piston is full extended
and when the piston is full retracted. The cams are an oval shape approximately ¼ in
DISCUSSION PAGE25
thick and were manufactured from scrap plastic material so that they are easily
rotated without affecting the stress on the rest of the design construction. The cams
were manufactured from recycled plastic that was readily available to us at the machine
shop. We consumed no finances to obtain these components.
To know the components of our Pneumatic Powered double acting actuator
assembly was a dependency on the activities identifying our financial budget and doing
a proper component evaluation.
(Assigning Roles and Duties) - did not take a lot of time and only consumed a
small fraction of our effort. Our group members knew our own individual strengths that
we possessed and that we could bring to the table to maximize production in our project
as well as identifying the strengths that we had when we formed as a group. For
instance organizational skills, leadership skills, communications skills, transferrable
technical skills, hands on skills to utilize machines available to us in the machine shop,
management skills to understand the resources we had and requirements, designing
skills utilizing software etc. We knew we had a sponsor and criteria to satisfy so we got
into our roles immediately
DISCUSSION PAGE26
Tanish Jagpal 300775995-Design Technologist
Duties included developing sketches to meet required deliverables, perform
concurrent engineering by communicating with the Co-ordinator, Machinists, Sponsor so
that there would be no clash in schedule, utilizing the computer software readily
available to us at Centennial College i.e. Auto/Cad/Inventor, excelled in demonstrating
his explosive cad cam skills by developing prototypes that were transformed to
materialistic reality..
Stuart Davie 300605951- Secretary
Duties included excelling all the work package activities to ensure all details of
the project were being completed and finished, Retaining Material for the components
that was readily available to us, , collecting tools for the machinist and returning them
after use. Developed and constructed the Technical Report, Gantt chart, CPM diagram,
WBS…..
Prubhjot Singh 300778224- Machine specialist
Duties included manufactured custom parts with material that was available,
communicating with the design technologist to perform concurrent engineering to
ensure that all manufactured parts would fit requirements and specifications,
communicating with the co-coordinator to ensure that all parts were to be manufactured
DISCUSSION PAGE27
by set durations and that our cost effort wouldn’t exceed the amount designated,
communicated with the with Secretary to obtain required tools for applications.
Tanwinder Singh 300775635 – Co-Ordinator
Duties included to ensure that the triple constrain management techniques
stayed on course to deliver all set deliverables resulting in having a satisfied sponsor,
Acknowledge that all activities were structured in proper format to maximize optimal
production, To recognize transitional points in the activities’ to ensure that our targets
where met, Designed the concurrent engineering strategy between all the stakeholders
involved in the project, Motivated the group members and executed noble leadership
skills, etc…
Assigning roles and duties was an activity that was agreed upon with mutual
interest between all the group members, Assigning Roles and duties was an activity that
was a dependency to continue design, component evaluation, obtain components, and
meeting with P/M sponsor.
(Identifying Financial Budget) - Our group has a financial budget was limited to a
financial restriction of $ 200.00 that was set by our sponsor. All group members
contributed by paying $50.00 with intentions of getting reimbursed in the future.
Identifying the financial budget was a dependency to component evaluation, to obtain
component, as well as continuing the design.
DISCUSSION PAGE28
Calculations & Rough Design
(Component Evaluation) - Evaluating the components that were required to
complete our objective led us to believe that the majority of our components can be
made from recyclable readily available material at the machine shop. We preserved our
resources by staying under the 180.00$ budget as well we preserved the cost of effort
to focus our energy on other primary activities. Component evaluation was a
dependency to obtain components, as well was a dependency for analytical
calculations.
(Obtain Components) - The majority of our Components came from recycled material
that was readily available at the machine shop. We used this as tool because having the
material close at hand allowed us to preserve our effort to more important activities as
appose to doing more research, shopping for components, contacting potential
suppliers, communicating from suppliers etc... We were still focused on retaining a glass
cylinder that would allow us to visual the internal action of the actuator. We obtained
the material for the components that we were to modify and manufacture at an early
stage in our project, these components are, wood for the wooden support/baseplate, the
aluminium for the 2 pivot joints, the steel recycled flywheel that was to be modified, the
aluminum for the crankshaft was obtained in similar format, as well as the aluminu for
the cams. To obtain Components was dependency to Analytical Calculations.
DISCUSSION PAGE29
(Analytical Calculations) - Calculations are important to determine the right size
fasteners so that our project assembly is safe to observers and safe to group members.
As well our group members have to
Double Acting Pneumatic Actuator Assembly
• Air Driven
• Maximum Bore Diameter: 1 in
• Minimum operating Speed : 200 RPM @ 50 psi approx.
Calculations
Final Bore Diameter = 1 in
Stroke Length = 5 in
Crank Offset = ½ of Diameter of flywheel ( 0.5 x 5) = 2.5 in
Estimated Torque on output shaft
σ stress = Force/Area Torque= Force x distance Area diameter= = 𝜋𝑟2
50 psi= F/ 3.14(.5)^2 in^2 T= 63.69 lb x 5 in
F=63.69 lb T= 318.45 lb In
Being able to identify the minimum diameter needed to fasten the assembly to
the base board to prevent failure and most importantly to avoid injury have to be
determined to meet requirements ethical as well as officially.
Calculate the minimum fastener sizes needed to withstand forces encountered on the
DISCUSSION PAGE30
devices’ goes as follows (See Documents that have been Submitted to Sponsor)
Coming to know the forces that our assembly is capable of exerting allows our group to
continue deeper with the design activity so that we can determine the size of and the
material of the fasteners that we are going to use, as well these calculations allow us to
know that the design structure plan will not interfere with going over financial budget by
replacing parts. Analytical calculations is a dependency toMaintain a financial budget as
well as a dependency to continue design, and meeting with P/M sponsor
(Continue Design) - Our design is to have a fully functional double acting
pneumatic Actuator assembly, the design and all the components had to be taken into
consideration during the course of our design, we however decided to neglect the
angular set up having the actuator on a 45 degree slope and decided to make it
horizontal. The requirements were to have the actuator functioning not functioning on an
angel so that idea was abandoned. Discussion about supports, fasteners and correctly
dimensioning the design continued to grow. The continue design activity is a
dependency to start cad drawings, to maintain financial budget, and meeting with P/M
sponsor.
(Start Cad Drawing) - Our Design Technologist was eager to utilize the software
that was readily available. This particular software is Autodesk Inventor-2014 (Wikipedia
July 28 2014) “Autodesk Inventor, developed by U.S.-based software company
Autodesk, is 3D mechanical CAD design software for creating 3D
DISCUSSION PAGE31
digital prototypes used in the design, visualization and simulation of products.
Autodesk Inventor uses ShapeManager, their proprietary geometric modeling kernel.
Autodesk Inventor competes directly with SolidWorks and Solid Edge.”
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodesk_Inventor). The following designs were created on
this particular software by the design technologist. (See Appendix A)
Connecting Rod (See Appendix A Figure 1D)
Cylinder (See Appendix A Figure 1E)
Fly Wheel & Cams (See Appendix A Figure 1F)
Piston (See Appendix A Figure 1G)
Pivot Connection (See Appendix A Figure 1H)
Wooden Base Structure( See Appendix A Figure 1I)
Start Cad Drawing is a dependency to meeting with P/M sponsor.
(Maintain Financial Budget) - All group members contributed $ 45.00 each that
totalled $180.00 and each group member was going to be reimbursed by our sponsor at
the end of the course of our group project, early on in our project deciding that $180.00
Was a good amount of financial resources to complement our project by fulfilling the
various requirements. Our group has intentions of sustaining our resources and not just
our financial resources but also aiming towards staying green and using recycled
material as much as possible. Yes this is only on a small scale; However, in the future if
we integrate the same principles that have been developed in this project we can be
actively involved in sustainability in our community, nationally and globally. (Magee,
DISCUSSION PAGE32
Scerri, James, Thom, Padghan, Hickmott, Deng, Cahil 2013) “.sustainability is how
biological systems remain diverse and productive. Long-lived and healthy wetlands and
forests are examples of sustainable biological systems. In more general terms,
sustainability is the endurance of systems and processes. The organizing principle for
sustainability is sustainable development, which includes the four interconnected
domains: ecology, economics, politics and culture.[1] Sustainability science is the study
of sustainable development and environmental science.”
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability). Our group purchased a double acting
pneumatic actuator from Active Surplus Electronic And Machinery O/O By Active
Surplus Machinery LTD @ 347 Queen St West, 2nd Floor, Toronto On, M5V-2A4. June
15/2014
Receipt for Double Acting Pneumatic Actuator (See Appendix C Image 1A)
Double Acting Pneumatic Actuator (See Appendix A Figure 1J)
Our Group also purchased brackets to ensure that our assembly would be tightly
secure with minimal movement during actuator actuation several brackets totalled
$14.01. We purchased these brackets from Canadian Tire #242 @ 2025 Kipling Ave
Toronto West. July13/2014
8 3x3/4” brackets with 3/8” diameter holes cost $4.95
4 2x5/8” Brackets with 3/8” diameter holes cost $7.45
DISCUSSION PAGE33
Receipt for CRNC Brackets (See Appendix C Image 1B)
CRNC Brackets (See Appendix A Figure 1K)
The total amount of financial resources that were consumed during our group
project with the objective to gain approval from our sponsor by demonstrating to our
sponsor that our group is capable of designing and constructing a double acting
pneumatic actuator assembly that will meet all requirements in a safe, and professional
manner through network communication, and using readily available resources to
ensure that our group is actively participating sustainability; Totalled, $51.26 leaving our
group with $148.74. To maintain our financial budget was an activity that had a
dependency to investigate pneumatic components, as well as to meeting with P/M
sponsor.
Depart Physical Construction
(Intro To Shop Floor) - Being introduced to the machine shop floor is an activity
that held requirements and was an activity that was a standard procedure held by our
sponsor. Practising PPE throughout the duration of our project was a practice that is a
professional procedure to ensure safety to everyone on the machine shop floor. The
introduction to the shop floor consisted of reviewing the various machines that were
going to be available to us during the course of our project. The various machines are
the Lathe, Mill, Drill Press, Surface and Pedestal Grinders, Band and Cut-Off Saws, and
Surface Tables. Our sponsor reviewed the safety orientation for each machine;
DISCUSSION PAGE34
The safety orientation goes as follows (School of Engineering Technology 2014).
“Lathe
• Always ensure the part is firmly held in the chuck.
• Always ensure that the tool is firmly held in the tool holder.
• Always ensure that the machine is rotating in the proper direction
• Always ensure that the working area is clear and that tools etc. cannot fall into the
working area.
• Always ensure that the machine is operating as a safe speed
• Always if possible, rotate the chuck by hand to make sure that the jaws clear the tool bit
and other parts of the lathe
• Always use q cart to store tools on
• Always when adjusting the compound slide or tool post, make sure that your hand is
clear of cutting tools, live centers, etc.
• Never try to stop the chuck with your hand.
• Never check for finish with your hand when the machine is in operation.
• Never clear cuttings with your hands, or at any time when the machine is running.
• Never leave the chuck key in the chuck
Mill
• Always ensure that the vice is properly held on the table.
• Always ensure that the part is firmly held in the vice.
DISCUSSION PAGE35
• Always ensure that the tool is firmly held in the tool holder.
• Always ensure that the tool is rotating in the proper direction.
• Always ensure that the machine is operating at a safe speed.
• Always ensure that the table is clear of all obstructions i.e. tools, rags, measuring,
instruments etc.
• Always ensure that you (and others) are properly guarded from chips.
• Never try to stop the tool with your hand.
• Never leave a wrench on the draw bar.
• Never check for finish by hand when the machine is running.
• Never put your hands near the cutter when it is rotating.
• Never clear cuttings with your hands, or when the machine is running.
Drill Press
• Always ensure that the vice is firmly held on the table.
• Always ensure that the part is firmly held in the vice.
• Always ensure that the drill is tight in the chuck.
• Always ensure that the machine is rotating in the proper direction and that the
speed is appropriate for drill reamer, countersink etc.
• Always take small cuts to produce short chips.
• Always when deep hole drilling, clear chips frequently
• Always when breaking through a hole, reduce pressure on the drill bit
• Never Try to stop the chuck with your hand
• Never try to clear cuttings with your hands, or while machine is running.
DISCUSSION PAGE36
Surface And Pedestal Grinders
• Always ensure that the part is firmly held on the magnetic chuck.
• Always ensure that the grinding wheel is correctly installed and in good condition.
• Always ensure that the magnetic chuck is free of burrs etc.
• Always ensure that the machine is switched off at all times when not actually grinding
a part.
• Always clean magnetic chuck with a paper towel before installing part.
• Always move the table away from the vicinity of the grinding wheel when
installing/removing parts etc.
• Always if necessary for stability, block the part using parallels, 1, 2, 3 blocks etc.
• Always De burr the part using an oil stone after grinding, edges are very sharp.
• Always ensure that the gap between the wheel and support is not too large on the
pedestal grinder disc sander if it is do not use it and report it.
• Never grind aluminum on any grinder.
• Never try to stop the grinding wheel with your hand.
• Never try to clean the work area when the machine is in operation.
• Never check for finish by hand when the machine is running.
• Never place your hand anywhere near the wheel when it is in operation.
Band And Cut-Off Saws
• Always ensure that the blade is properly installed and in good condition.
• Always ensure that the part being cut is firmly held.
• Always ensure that all stops, guards and guides are in place and secured.
DISCUSSION PAGE37
• Always ensure that the blade being used is of the proper pitch for the thickness of
material being cut.
• Always keep hands as far away from the blade as possible. Use a piece of wood to feed
the part to the blade.
• Never try to clear a stuck part while the machine is running.
• Never try to clear cuttings with your hands, or while machine is running.
Surface Tables
• Always make sure that the work area is clean
• Never hammer any part on top of the surface table.
• Never file any part on top of the surface table.
• Never blue any part on top of the surface table.
• Never leave tools, which could damage the surface, on the table i.e. hammers, files,
tool boxes etc.” (Machine Shop Safety Orientation Machine Shop
Rules Centennial College 2014)
Being introduced to the common safety practices that was explained to us by our
sponsor led our group to sign the document below and submit the safety contract to our
sponsor in order to meet the requirements and in order to gain access to the machine
shop floor.
Signed Safety Contract (See Appendix C Image 1C) June10/2014
Being introduced to the shop floor was an external environment requirement that had to
be met and was a dependency to meet with P/M sponsor.
DISCUSSION PAGE38
(Investigate Pneumatic Components) - Having all the readily available recycled
material for our physical components led our group to investigate pneumatic
components that would control and direct the pressurized air flow to ensure that our
Double Acting Pneumatic Actuator Assembly would be functional. Our group is
practising sustainability throughout the course of our project and had a restricted
financial budget by utilizing available resources such as signing components out from
the hydraulic pneumatic lab at Centennial College progress campus. The required
components to direct and control the pressurized air go as follows, Pneumatic tubing, 5
way 2 position double pilot directional control valve, 3 way 2 position limit valve, and t
bar connectors
Pneumatic tubing – The function of the pneumatic tubing acts as a path for air to travel
through from component to component by containing the compressed air. Compressed
air takes the path of least resistance and the pneumatic tubing acts as paths for the
compressed air to travel through however the pneumatic tubing does not dictate what
path the compressed air will take. The pneumatic tubing is light and easily cut to
required length, made from plastic.
Pneumatic tubing (See Appendix A Figure 1L)
5/2 directional control valve – (Wikipedia July 22 2014) “The direction control valve is
used to control the direction of flow of compressed air. Usually classified into normally
open (NO)and normally closed (NC)valves. The normally open valves will permit flow
from inlet port of valve to outlet port normally the flow will be cut by changing the
position of the valve. The normally closed valves will not permit flow from inlet port of
DISCUSSION PAGE39
valve to outlet port normally the flow will be permitted only by
changing the position of the valve. In general valves are designated as 2/2 DCV,
3/2DCV, 5/2 DCV,5/3 DCV etc. In which the first numerical indicates number of ports
and second numerical indicates number of position To change the position, the valves
are generally actuated by:
• Pedal Operated
• Push button operated
• Spring operated
• Solenoid operated
• By using Pneumatic source itself etc.”( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_circuit)
5/2 directional control valve (See Appendix A Figure 1M)
3/2 limit valve – limit valves act as sensor’s directing actuating paths for the compressed
air to travel through, the limit valves that our group is using is actuated by a cam roller
and becomes active when the cam roller becomes compressed allowing compressed air
the decompress or to advance the compressed air through the required path. We are
using cams to activate the cam roller or our 3/2 limit valve. (Wikipedia July 21 2014) “A
pneumatic solenoid valve is a switch for routing air to any pneumatic device, usually an
actuator, allowing a relatively small signal to control a large device. It is also the
interface between electronic controllers and pneumatic systems.”
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid#Pneumatic_solenoid_valves\)
DISCUSSION PAGE40
3/2 limit valve (See Appendix A Figure 1O)
T bar connector – the t - bar connector allows one direction of air flow to be directed in 2
different paths well still maintaining well the air flow still maintains the same properties.
T bar connector (See Appendix A Figure 1P)
Having all the readily available recycled material for our physical components led
our group to investigate pneumatic components that would control and direct the
pressurized air flow to ensure that our Double Acting Pneumatic Actuator Assembly
would be functional. Our group is practising sustainability throughout the course of our
project and had a restricted financial budget by utilizing available resources such as
signing components out from the hydraulic pneumatic lab at Centennial College
Progress Campus.
Documentation of signed out pneumatic components (See Appendix C Image 1D)
June17/2014
Investigating pneumatic components was a dependency to utilizing the cad cam
software.
(Meeting With P/M/Sponsor) - This particular activity has been highlighted throughout
this report for reasons that will be explained in detail. We as a group were focused on
including a glass actuator in our project construction assembly to highlight the internal
action during activation; However, the physical appearance of our double
DISCUSSION PAGE41
acting pneumatic actuator assembly was not a requirement that had to be met nor was
the display of the internal reactions during activation of the Actuator a requirement. To
obtain this particular component would have had duration of approximately 3-4 weeks
because the product was to be ordered through a sales company called CPI
AUTOMATION who is located in Mississauga but then delivered from USA. We as a
group brought this to our sponsors’ attention on June 10 2014 at this particular meeting
as well as the design set up of having an inclined single acting actuator that would
extend to dead end position with the 50 psi pressure and return to dead front end
position with gravitational force accompanied by the stored energy from the flywheel.
Our sponsor demonstrated his years of experience and knowledge by explaining to us
that we could not have our project put at jeopardy by waiting for our key component to
be delivered from the USA. He also explained to us that our project requirements were
to have a fully functioning Pneumatic Powered Cylinder Assembly that did not require
inclination of the cylinder. He advised us to change course and design by having a
horizontal Pneumatic Double Acting Actuator and to purchase an actuator locally to fully
prevent any interference that would postpone meeting deadlines and milestones. This
meeting was brief; However, allowed us as a group to separate and eliminate ill
productive activities such as ordering a double pneumatic actuator from USA, and
having an inclined Pneumatic actuator of 45 degrees and allowed our group to stay true
to the roots of our project objective of is to gain approval from our sponsor by
demonstrating to our sponsor that our group is capable of designing and constructing a
double acting pneumatic actuator assembly that will meet all requirements in a safe,
DISCUSSION PAGE42
and professional manner through network communication, and using readily available
resources to ensure that our group is actively participating sustainability by completing; .
Our group scope management goal , to complete all activities to ensure that our
activates produce products that will be elements in meeting five pre-set milestones; Our
group time management goal is to incorporate our activities into a time frame with
limited slack that will ensure that these activities are completed by set dates that will
result in mature products to have as elements in meeting five pre-set milestones; And
our group cost management goal, to remain under our financial budget of $180.00;
However, we have a budget of 150 hours in effort that we are striving for as a goal to
remain under. Our group goals will be achieved in order to satisfy our sponsor and gain
approval of designing and constructing a double pneumatic actuator assembly. We will
achieve this by not exhausting resources in activities that do not produce products; we
will practice sustainability for our global environment, and restricted management
environments.
Quote directly from CPI AUTOMATION (See Appendix C Image E) May 27 2014
Meeting With P/M/Sponsor was an directly a dependency to research (to end)
and indirectly to cost analysis, utilizing cad cam software, performing concurrent
engineering, troubleshooting/ failure prevention, construction,
modifying/improvising/rationalizing, final assembly, and approval.
(Research (To End)) - Research to the end was an activity that was present to
DISCUSSION PAGE43
the end of our project and consisted of networking with the stakeholders involved in our
project, and the Technicians working at Centennial College Progress Campus. Using
the ready available resources that were available to our group to obtain information
such as Duration remaining, Effort consumption, requiring efforts for remaining
activities’, this will be highlighted in the time management section of this report. To
obtain this information would led us to quality production in completing our project Our
design and construction project is to successfully design construct and assemble a fully
Functioning pneumatic piston cylinder device that meets requirements and deadlines in
an orderly Structured professional fashion. Our project is managed by 3 strict disciplines
that are commonly referred to as a triple constraint. Project time management, project
scope management, and project Cost management. For this particular project cost will
be represented in hours (effort) and time will be represented as duration. Research to
the end was an activity that was a dependency to cost analysis, utilizing cad cam
software, and performing concurrent engineering.
(Cost Analysis) - Our group project consists of various resources, and some of
the resources that have restrictions and are finite. Our time available to work on the
group project represented in terms of effort hrs, and the duration of the project
represented with dates structured by 13 weeks. Our group total effort is calculated by (4
group members x 3.75 hrs per week x 10 weeks = 150 hours of effort)Our group effort
was a valuable resource to us because it was limited and our group effort had to
produce deliverables, meet requirements, successfully complete milestones, and could
DISCUSSION PAGE44
not be replenished.
Consumed Effort
Activity Date Launched Cost to June17/2014
Research To Begin May 13/2014 10hrs
Brainstorm May 13/2014 8 hrs
Understand Requirements May 13/2014 2.18hrs
Know Components May 13/2014
5hrs
Assign Roles & Duties May 13/2014 1hrs
Identify Financial Budget May 13/2014 4hrs
Component Evaluation May 20/2014 4hrs
Obtain Components May 27/2014 5.71hrs
Analytical Calculations May 20/2014 10hrs
Continue Design May 20/2014 10hrs
Start Cad Drawings June 10/2014 8hrs
Intro To Shop Floor June 10/2014 4hrs
Invrstigate Pneumatic Components June 17/2014 4hrs
Meet with P/M Sponsor June 10/2014 4hrs
Research To End June 10/2014 3.2hrs
Construction June 3/2014 3.86hrs
Cost Analysis June 17/2014 1.33hrs
∑Effort to June17/2014= 88.28 hrs
Our group consumed 88.28/150 hrs of effort to date and this date is June
17/2014 the sixth/tenth week of the duration of our group project to design construct and
assemble a Double Acting Pneumatic Piston Actuator. As a group we had to stick tightly
DISCUSSION PAGE45
to our set activities and deliverables in a structured professional fashion in order to
successfully complete our group objective Our design and construction project is to
successfully design construct and assemble a fully Functioning pneumatic piston
cylinder device that meets requirements and deadlines in an orderly Structured
professional fashion.
Remaining Effort & Activities
June 17/2014-July29/2014
Activity Date Launched Cost to July29/2014
Understand Requirements May 13/2014 1.82 hrs
Obtain Components May 27/2014 4.29 hrs
Start Cad Drawings June 10/2014 4 hrs
Research To End June 10/2014 4.8 hrs
Cost Analysis June 17/2014 2.67 hrs
Maintain Financial Budget June 17/2014 4 hrs
Utilizing Cad Cam Software June 24/2014 14 hrs
Performing Con Current Engineering June 17/2014 4 hrs
Trouble Shooting/Failure Prevention July 8/2014 4 hrs
Construction June 17/2014 5.14 hrs
Modifying/Improvising/Rationalizing July 8/2014 4 hrs
Final Assembly July 22/2014 5 hrs
Approval July 29/2014 4 hrs
∑Effort June17/2014-July2 9/2014 = 61.72 hrs
Our group has 4 weeks and 61.72 hrs remaining to successfully complete our
set targets. These resources are limited, Finite, and cannot be replenished. Cost
DISCUSSION PAGE46
Analysis was an Activity that was a dependency to Utilizing Cad Cam Software, and
Performing Concurrent Engineering.
(Utilizing Cad Cam Software) - Our group members had previous knowledge of
Cad Cam software and the software that best fit the application for our Double Acting
Pneumatic Assembly was Inventor 2014. Our Design Technologist worked diligently to
properly design our Assembly
Final Assembly (See Appendix A Figure 1Q)
Final Assembly Un-Dimensioned with Bill of Material (See Appendix A Figure 1R)
Utilizing Cad Cam Software was an activity that was a dependency to Performing
Concurrent Engineering.
Submit Cad Drawings/Schematics
(Performing Concurrent Engineering) - This particular activity involved all the
stakeholders associated in our project of designing and constructing a Double Acting
Pneumatic Piston Actuator by networking with proper communication from our sponsor
to the technician that is working in our machine shop. A prime example of practising
concurrent engineering was when our Design Technologist was designing the support
column to be placed under the rear dead end of the actuator, and diagnosed a potential
problem that could result in failure and crash our Double Acting Pneumatic Piston
DISCUSSION PAGE47
Actuator Assembly, this particular interference was what material to make the support
column for the Double Acting Pneumatic Actuator. Our Design Technologist presented
this issue to the Secretary and the Secretary Presented this issue to the Technician
working in the Machine Shop at Centennial College Progress Campus, and the
Technician advised the Machinist to make the support of a strong material that was
rigid. Preferably not wood but steel. The Machinist, Secretary and Design Technologist
with guidance from the sponsor and co ordinator deflated a foreseeable problem by
communicating in a form of concurrent engineering; Moving Forward, the Gantt Chart
represents multiple activities that overlap with each other to reduce the cost and
duration of the activities to have optimal production.
(BEFORE) - Support Column (See Appendix A Figure 1S)
(AFTER) – Support Column (See Appendix A Figure 1T)
(Wikipedia April 28 2014) “Concurrent engineering is a work methodology based on
the parallelization of tasks (i.e. performing tasks concurrently). It refers to an approach
used in product development in which functions of design engineering, manufacturing
engineering and other functions are integrated to reduce the elapsed time required to
bring a new product to the market.”
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_engineering) (Ma, Chen, Thim)” A publication in
2008 described the concurrent engineering method as a relatively new design
management system that has had the opportunity to mature in recent years to become
DISCUSSION PAGE48
a well-defined systems approach towards optimizing engineering design cycles.[1]
Because of this, concurrent engineering has been implemented in a number of
companies, organizations and universities, most notably in the aerospace industry.
Beginning in the early 1990s, CE was also adapted for use in the information and
content automation field, providing a basis for organization and management of projects
outside the physical product development sector for which it was originally designed.”
(Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing- V. Ma, G. Chen, G Thim)
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_engineering)
Performing Concurrent Engineering was an essential method for having success
in multiple assignments running concurrently in a realistic environment to have proper
communication and to prevent conflict in design, construction, and management.
Performing Concurrent Engineering was an activity that acted as a gate way for the
previous activities to join together as one then directing the activities in a one path
direction continuing into final completion of our group project to design and construct a
double acting pneumatic actuator assembly (See Appendix B CPM Diagram). Performing
Concurrent Engineering was a dependency to Construction.
(Construction) - The activity construction was the first activity that involved
Machining Components from various readily available material. Our Machine Specialist
and Secretary worked diligently together using various machines and tools, always
being reminded of the safety requirements that were discussed earlier in this report. The
DISCUSSION PAGE49
Machines that were used to literally form these components were the Lathe, Milling
Machine, and Drill press.
Drill Press - The machine specialist alongside with our secretary used meticulous
techniques to transform scarp parts from material in key components that are functional,
meet requirements, and are a physical evidence of our group practicing sustainability.
The various tools that were used on the transformed parts to put holes in for fastener’s
to be tightened at ideal tolerances or for threads to be tapped are the ½ drill, 1/8 drill,
3/8 drill etc.. Holes were placed throughout all components with different diameters and
dimensions.
A drill press – (Wikipedia July 25 2014) “also known as a pedestal drill, pillar drill, or
bench drill) is a fixed style of drill that may be mounted on a stand or bolted to the floor
or workbench. Portable models with a magnetic base grip the steel workpieces they
drill. A drill press consists of a base, column (or pillar), table, spindle (or quill), and drill
head, usually driven by an induction motor. The head has a set of handles (usually 3)
radiating from a central hub that, when turned, move the spindle and chuck vertically,
parallel to the axis of the column. The table can be adjusted vertically and is generally
moved by a rack and pinion “(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_press#Drill_press)
Metal Lathe- The machine specialist alongside with our secretary used meticulous
techniques to transform scarp parts from material in key components that are functional,
meet requirements, and are a physical evidence of our group practicing sustainability.
DISCUSSION PAGE50
The various tools that were used are back plate, carbide tip tool, live centers, die
holders, knurling tools, HSS & ground tools, indexable lathe tools, lathe chuck, thread
cutting tool , and a lathe collet chuck. The components that were transformed from the
readily available material to key components in our Double Acting Pneumatic Actuator
Assembly are the crankshaft, Rivets, connecting rod, and threaded shaft.
A Metal Lathe – (Wikipedia August 5 2014) “metal lathe or metalworking lathe is a
large class of lathes designed for precisely machining relatively hard materials. They
were originally designed to machine metals.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lathe_(metal)
Crank Shaft 2.5 inches long 3/8 diameter (See Appendix A Figure 1 U)
Pivot joints 0.5 inches long ½ diameter with a 3/8 – 16 UNC Thread
(See Appendix A Figure 1 U)
Threaded Shaft 5 inches long ½-13 UNC Thread (See Appendix Figure 1V)
Milling Machine-The machine specialist alongside with our secretary used meticulous
techniques to transform scarp parts from material in key components that are functional,
meet requirements, and are a physical evidence of our group practicing sustainability.
The various tools that were used on the lathe are milling cutters, center drill, drill chuck,
coolant, tap, v clamps, and couplings. The components that were transformed from the
readily available material to key components in our Double Acting Pneumatic Actuator
Assembly are the crankshaft, Pivot Joints, and Fly Wheel and Cams, Support for
Actuator.
DISCUSSION PAGE51
Fly Wheel 5 inch diameter with a 1/8 -16 UNC (See Appendix A Figure 1W)
Support Column 5 x 3 inches with a slot 2 x 1.5 inches (See Appendix A Figure 1X)
Cams dimensioned in drawing (See Appendix A Figure 1Y)
The Milling that was performed on the cranks shaft and Pivot Joints produced flat
surfaces and slots so that these components could properly fit to desired locations
connecting them to other components.
Milling – (Wikipedia August 5 2014) “is the machining process of using rotary cutters to
remove material[1] from a workpiece advancing (or feeding) in a direction at an angle
with the axis of the tool.[2][3] It covers a wide variety of different operations and
machines, on scales from small individual parts to large, heavy-duty gang milling
operations. It is one of the most commonly used processes in industry and machine
shops today for machining parts to precise sizes and shapes.”
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milling_machine)
The Activity designated as construction was an activity that was a result from our
group design, distinct structured Management , reasearch etc this particular activity is a
prime example of an external enviroment due to limitating factors and availability to be
physically present on the Shop Floor. Our Communication, technical, and transferrable
skills could not change this; However as Mechanical Engineering Technologists our
DISCUSSION PAGE52
group adapted to these circumstances and succesfully contructed our Double Acting
Pneumatic Actuator Assembly. The activitity Construction was a dependency to Trouble
Shooting/ Failure Prevention.
(Trouble Shooting/Failure Prevention) - The activity Trouble Shooting/Failure
Prevention was an activity to be performed after running the pneumatics through our
assembly to physically determine what needed to be tailored by altering problems that
would restrict the functionality of our group project Double Acting Pneumatic Actuator
Assembly and to determine if this would be safe and functional at 200rpms powered by
50 psi without having any crashes or interference.
DISCUSSION PAGE53
Schematic Drawing Industry Standard Organization
a 0 a1
A 4 2 B
5 1 3 LS 1
PS
LS 2
50PSI
LOAD
DISCUSSION PAGE54
Machine Control Sequence
A B
a 1 a 0
The power source was pressurized air that would flow at a pressure of 50 psi through
the standard FRL components to filter, regulate and lubricate the air flow directly
through the hose to the shuttle vale The Airflow would then travel through the hose to
energize the auto pilot solenoid (A) of our 5/2 DCV to actuate our Double Acting
Actuator pressurizing the cylinder to advance to its fully advanced rear dead end centre
( a1) to trigger cam limit valve number 1 directing the airflow through the hose to
energize the auto pilot solenoid (B) pressuring the cylinder to return to its home front
dead end center position (a0) triggering cam limit valve number 2 to direct the airflow
through the hose to the shuttle valve then through the hose to energize solenoid (A) to
repeat the cycle continuously. As the air pressure forces the cylinder to extend travelling
through the 5/2 DCV auto pilot spring centered valve taking path 1 – 4 causes the air to
decompress by relieving itself into atmosphere via the exhaust port 3 of the 5/2 DCV
auto pilot valve. The Extension of the cylinder triggered cam limit valve number 1
causing pressurized air to flow from path 1-3 of limit valve number 1 forcing the
Manual
Push
Button
DISCUSSION PAGE55
cylinder to retract travelling through the 5/2 DCV auto pilot spring center valve
taking path 1-2 causes the air to decompress by relieving itself into atmosphere via the
exhaust port 3 of the 5/2 DCV auto pilot valve. The retraction of the cylinder triggered
limit valve number 2 causing pressurized air to flow from path 1-3 of the limit valve
number 2 resulting in repetition the same cycle. This cycle is defined as a “Continuous
Circuit with a Maintained Signal.”
Troubleshooting – (Wikipedia July 10 2014) “is a form of problem solving, often
applied to repair failed products or processes. It is a logical, systematic search for the
source of a problem so that it can be solved, and so the product or process can be
made operational again. Troubleshooting is needed to develop and maintain complex
systems where the symptoms of a problem can have many possible causes.
Troubleshooting is used in many fields such as engineering, system
administration, electronics, automotive repair, and diagnostic medicine. Troubleshooting
requires identification of the malfunction(s) or symptoms within a system. Then,
experience is commonly used to generate possible causes of the symptoms.
Determining the most likely cause is aprocess of elimination - eliminating potential
causes of a problem. Finally, troubleshooting requires confirmation that the solution
restores the product or process to its working state.”
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troubleshooting)
Trouble Shooting/Failure Prevention was an activity that was premeditated and
DISCUSSION PAGE56
induced from our group mechanical engineering background experience and structured
into our schedule by strict management to cover all angels in case of unforeseen errors;
However, the mechanics to our Double Acting Pneumatic Actuator Assembly system
didn’t have any glitches nor concerns. Because failure prevention was already
addressed with respect to the material of the support column by Performing Concurrent
Engineering our group did not consume significant resources for this activity other than
tightening fasteners to brackets placed at various locations throughout our assembly.
Trouble Shooting/Failure prevention was a premeditated activity that was a dependency
to Modifying/Improvising/Rationalizing.
Project Testing & Final Assembly
(Modifying/Improvising/Rationalizing) - was an activity that consisted of our group
diagnosing a problematic situation, developing approaches on how to solve this
problem, and taking the path of least resistance with respect to our resources that were
almost entirely consumed due to approaching final stages of our group project to
successfully design and construct a function double acting pneumatic actuator
assembly. The problematic situation that was diagnosed by our group was determining
proper location for cam limit valve number 1 being triggered by cam 1 and determining
proper location for cam limit valve 2 triggered by cam 2. In order for our Double Acting
Pneumatic Actuator Assembly to be functional the assembly itself would have to satisfy
the need off all interconnected components acting with uniform motion to compliment
each others functions such as, rotation, translation, required degrees of
DISCUSSION PAGE57
freedom, timing, and activation. Cam 1 would have to trigger cam limit valve 1 as the
Double Acting Pneumatic Actuator would be fully extended at its rear dead end centre
through dynamics of the rod, pivot joint #1 pivot joint #2, crankshaft, the fly wheel and
threaded shaft. Similarly Cam 2 would have to be placed in sync to trigger cam limit
valve 2 as the Double Acting Pneumatic Actuator would be fully retracted at its front
dead end centre to have a continuous circuit.
Improvising
Our group had discussions regarding the different locations cam limit valve 1 and
cam limit valve 2 could be relocated too. Our double acting pneumatic actuator is
horizontal action our group could place the limit valve 1 directly under the front dead
end centre of the cylinder as well as limit valve 2 directly under the rear dead end centre
of our double Acting Pneumatic Actuator.
Rationalizing
Our Group Objective is to receive approval from our sponsor by successfully Designing
& Constructing a Double Acting Pneumatic Actuator Assembly meeting all requirements.
Our group has been disciplined throughout the course of the project being managed by
a tight structured triple constraint; Scope Management, Cost Management and Time
Management. Project Testing & Final Results was a last milestone to be met. Our
groups resources were slowly dwindling we had consumed an approximate total cost
effort of 137/150 to date (July 22, 2014). Rationalizing consisted
DISCUSSION PAGE58
of our group doing a prompt count of our remaining resources such as duration
remaining and effort remaining we made a group decision that is was not realistic for
our group to go with improvising and relocating cam valve 1 and cam valve 2 because
of the mitigating factors
• Insufficient resources
• Modified components to trigger limit valve 1 and limit valve 2 would have to been
manufactured
• Duration of project remaining.
Modifying
Our Group literally practiced a technique of trail and error until obtaining idyllic
location for cam 1 and cam 2 on the threaded shaft at a distance 0.5 inches away from
each other constrained 180 degrees facing opposite directions. (Wikipedia July 25
2014) “Trial and error is a fundamental method of solving problems.[1] It is
characterised by repeated, varied attempts which are continued until success,[2] or until
the agent stops trying. It is an unsystematic method which does not employ insight,
theory or organised methodology” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_and_error)
Modifying/Improvising/Rationalizing was an activity performed by our group that
diagnosed a problematic situation, developed approaches to solve the problem,
implemented the best action plan in a cost efficient timely manner to have a successful
double acting pneumatic actuator assembly. Modifying/Improvising/Rationalizing was an
DISCUSSION PAGE59
activity that was a dependency of Final Assembly.
(Final Assembly) - Our double acting pneumatic actuator assembly is powered and
functionally acting at (APPROXIMATELY) 50psi acting at 200rpms. Our power source
manually will send airflow through a hose to solenoid a causing our double acting
pneumatic actuator to extend exerting force on our actuator rod through linear planar
motion that will apply force on pivot joint # 1 and pivot join # 2 to our crankshaft to
transmit rotational force to our flywheel connected by a pin which rotates at 200 rpms
causing our threaded shaft to rotate and remain in a state of “pure sheer” transmitting
power from its location to cam $1 and cam #2 being properly placed to trigger cam limit
valve #1 and cam limit valve #2 in proper sequence. Cam #1 will act on cam limit valve
#1 through the transmitted power from the threaded shaft causing limit valve#1 to send
the pressurized air flow to activate air pilot solenoid b of the 5/2 directional control valve
directing the airflow to act on the rod end of the actuator causing the actuator to retract
from rear dead end centre position to front dead end centre position well the entire
assembly is acting in uniform planar motion which will result in cam #2 to trigger cam
limit valve #2 to send the pressurised airflow to activate air pilot solenoid a of the 5/2
directional control valve to direct the air flow to act on the cylinder end of the actuator
causing the actuator to extend from its front dead end centre position to its rear dead
end centre positon. All airflow will be through pneumatic air hoses that contain the
airflow acting as a path from one location to the next dictated by 5/2 directional control
valve limit valve number 1 and limit valve number 2 provided by the power source set at
DISCUSSION PAGE60
50psi. The machine control sequence will be continuous and have a maintained signal
with respect until energy seizes degenerating pneumatic power to be no more resulting
in mechanical energy to halt.
Double acting pneumatic assembly front view (See Appendix A Figure 1z)
Double acting pneumatic assembly top view (See Appendix A Figure 1Z)
Final Assembly was an activity that is a dependency directly to the activity approval.
(Approval) – Is an activity that is commencing August 8 2014 (pending).
CONCLUSIONS PAGE 61
Our group project was to design and construct a double acting pneumatic
assembly that meets requirements set by our sponsor. Exercising elicitations and taking
an iterative approach our group has successfully managed to categorize requirements;
External environments, as a group we persevered and overcame forces outside of our
project that stood as obstacles; Enterprise environments, as a group we met the criteria
set by our sponsor by not exceeding a group size of four students, our double acting
pneumatic actuator assembly does not exceed 12in x 20in x 30 in , does not exceed
50lbs in weight, our groups financial resources did not exhaust more than $180.00, our
double acting pneumatic actuator assembly was transferred to our group locker before
and after our lectures, our design idea Piston Cylinder Actuator was defined from our
sponsor, our project designing and constructing a double acting pneumatic actuator
used 3 theories from previous courses, properties of materials, strength of material,
applied dynamics, hydraulics and pneumatics, and has been accompanied by a
Technical Report that meets the standards of OACETT; Project environments, As a
group we have produced quality products that our project to design and construct a
double acting pneumatic assembly that is air driven, has a minimum bore diameter of 1
in, and has an (approximately) running speed of 200rpm at 50 psi Our group has
successfully completed. of the five pre – set milestones implemented by our sponsor,
delivering a preliminary concept sketch MAY 20 2014, delivering calculations and rough
design June 3 2014, delivering to depart physical construction June 17 2014, delivering
CONCLUSIONS PAGE 62
to submit formal drawing & schematics July 8 2014, delivering project testing & final
results July 29 2014. As a group we designated ourselves with
individual roles and duties that highlighted our strengths; Tanwinder Singh 300775635
co coordinator, Tanis Jagpal 300775495 design technologist, Prubujot Buamra
300778244 machine specialist, and Stuart Davie 300605951 secretary. As a formed
group we have satisfied the goals of our triple constraint project management structure.
As a group we have satisfied our scope management goal to complete all activities to
ensure that our activities produce products that will be elements in meeting the five pre-
set milestones implemented by our sponsor. As a group we have satisfied our time
management goal to incorporate our activities into a time frame with limited slack that
will ensure these activities are completed by set dates that will result in mature products
to have as elements meeting five pre-set milestones implemented by our sponsor. As a
group we have satisfied our cost management goal to remain under our financial budget
of $180.00 and to remain under 150hrs of effort. As a group we developed and utilized a
work brake down structure chart to categorize activities. As a group we constructed and
designed a Gantt chart consisting of activities, deliverables, and five pre-set milestones
that geared us on an auto pilot module route. As a group we constructed and developed
a critical path method diagram to allow our group to estimate the cost of activities. As a
group our project objective is to gain approval from our sponsor by demonstrating to our
sponsor that our group is capable of designing and constructing a double acting
pneumatic actuator assembly that will meet all requirements in a safe, and professional
manner through network communication, and using readily available resources to
CONCLUSIONS PAG63
ensure that our group is actively participating sustainability. Our group has launched this
project on May13, 2014 with an uncontrollable due date to be finished by August 12,
2014. As a group we have taken action by processing our activity planning and
organizing and motivating this project by controlling resources, procedures and
protocols in order to achieve our goals.
RECOMMENDATIONS PAGE 64
As a group we are firmly recommending that our project to design and construct
a double acting pneumatic assembly be approved.