m.tech. power systems & automation

8/13/2019 M.tech. Power Systems & Automation

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REGULATIONS(w.e.f. 2012-13 admitted batch)

1.0 ADMISSIONS1.1 Admissions into M.Tech. (Power System & Automation) programme of

GITAM University are governed by GITAM University admission

regulations.

2.0 ELIGIBILTY CRITERIA2.1 A pass in B E / B Tech / AMIE or equivalent in ECE / EIE / EEE / CSE / IT/

ICE

2.2 Admissions into M.Tech will be based on the following:

(i) Score obtained in GAT (PG), if conducted.

(ii) Performance in Qualifying Examination / Interview.

The actual weightage to be given to the above items will be decided by the

authorities before the commencement of the academic year. Candidates with valid

GATE score shall be exempted from appearing for GAT (PG).

3.0 STRUCTURE OF THE M.Tech. PROGRAMME3.1 The Programme of instruction consists of :

(i) A core programme imparting to the student specialization of

engineering branch concerned.

(ii) An elective programme enabling the students to take up a group of

departmental courses of interest to him/her.

(iii) Carry out a technical project approved by the Department and submit a

report.

3.2 Each academic year consists of two semesters. Every branch of the M.Tech

programme has a curriculum and course content (syllabi) for the subjectsrecommended by the Board of Studies concerned and approved by Academic

Council.

3.3 Project Dissertation has to be submitted by each student individually.

4.0 CREDIT BASED SYSTEM4.1 The course content of individual subjects - theory as well as practicals is

expressed in terms of a specified number of credits. The number of credits


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assigned to a subject depends on the number of contact hours (lectures &

tutorials) per week.

4.2 In general, credits are assigned to the subjects based on the following contact

hours per week per semester.

One credit for each Lecture hour.

One credit for two hours of Practicals.

Two credits for three (or more) hours of Practicals.

4.3 The curriculum of M.Tech programme is designed to have a total of 70 -85

credits for the award of M.Tech degree. A student is deemed to have

successfully completed a particular semesters programme of study when he /

she earns all the credits of that semester i.e., he / she has no F grade in any

subject of that semester.

5.0 MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTIONThe medium of instruction (including examinations and project reports) shall be

English.

6.0 REGISTRATION

Every student has to register himself/herself for each semester individually at the

time specified by the College / University.

7.0 CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT AND EXAMINATIONS7.1 The assessment of the students performance in each course will be based on

continuous internal evaluation and semester-end examination. The marks for

each of the component of assessment are fixed as shown in the Table 1.:

Table 1: Assessment Procedure

S.No. Component of

assessment

Marks

allotted

Type of

Assessment

Scheme of Examination

1

Theory

Total

40 Continuous

evaluation

1. Best two mid examinations of the threemid examinations for 15 marks each for a

total of 30 marks

2. Remaining 10 marks are given by the

teacher by conducting quiz/assignments/

surprise tests etc

60 Semester-end

examination

The semester-end examination in theory

subjects will be for a maximum of 60

marks.

100


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2 Practicals 100

Continuous

evaluation

(i) 40 marks are allotted for record workand regular performance of the student in

the lab.

(ii) One examination for a maximum of

20 marks shall be conducted by the

teacher handling the lab course at themiddle of the semester

(iii) One examination for a maximum of

40 marks shall be conducted at the end of

the semester (as scheduled by the Head of

the Department concerned).

3 Project work 100 Project

evaluation

(i) 50 marks are allotted for continuous

evaluation of the project work throughout

the semester by the guide.(ii) 50 marks are allotted for the

presentation of the project work & viva-

voce at the end of the semester.*

4

Comprehensive

Viva 100 Viva-voce

100 marks are allotted for comprehensive

viva to be conducted at the end of

programme.** Head of the Department concerned shall appoint two examiners for conduct of the examination.

8.0 REAPPEARANCE

8.1 A Student who has secured F Grade in any theory course / Practicals of any

semester shall have to reappear for the semester end examination of that

course / Practicals along with his / her juniors.

8.2 A student who has secured F Grade in Project work shall have to improve

his report and reappear for viva voce Examination of project work at the

time of special examination to be conducted in the summer vacation after the

last academic year.

9.0 SPECIAL EXAMINATION

9.1 A student who has completed the stipulated period of study for the degree

programme concerned and still having failure grade (F) in not more than 5

courses ( Theory / Practicals), may be permitted to appear for the specialexamination, which shall be conducted in the summer vacation at the end of

the last academic year.

9.2 A student having F Grade in more than 5 courses (Theory/practicals) shall

not be permitted to appear for the special examination.


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10.0 ATTENDANCE REQUIREMENTS

10.1 A student whose attendance is less than 75% in all the courses put together in

any semester will not be permitted to attend the end - semester examination

and he/she will not be allowed to register for subsequent semester of study. He

/She has to repeat the semester along with his / her juniors.

10.2 However, the Vice Chancellor on the recommendation of the

Principal/Director of the University college / Institute may condone the

shortage of attendance to the students whose attendance is between 66% and

74% on genuine medical grounds and on payment of prescribed fee.

11.0 GRADING SYSTEM11.1 Based on the student performance during a given semester, a final letter

grade will be awarded at the end of the semester in each course. The lettergrades and the corresponding grade points are as given in Table 2.

Table 2: Grades & Grade Points

11.2 A student who earns a minimum of 5 grade points (C grade) in a course is

declared to have successfully completed the course, and is deemed to have

earned the credits assigned to that course. However, a minimum of 24 marks

is to be secured at the semester end examination of theory courses in order to

pass in the theory course

12.0 GRADE POINT AVERAGE

12.1 A Grade Point Average (GPA) for the semester will be calculated according to

the formula:

[ C x G ]

GPA = ----------------

C

Where

C = number of credits for the course,

G = grade points obtained by the student in the course.

Grade Grade points Absolute Marks

O 10 90 and above

A+ 9 80 89

A 8 70 79

B+ 7 60 69

B 6 50 59

C 5 40 49F Failed, 0 Less than 40


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12.2 Semester Grade Point Average (SGPA) is awarded to those candidates who

pass in all the subjects of the semester.

12.3 To arrive at Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA), a similar formula is

used considering the students performance in all the courses taken in all the

semesters completed up to the particular point of time.

12.4 The requirement of CGPA for a student to be declared to have passed on

successful completion of the M.Tech programme and for the declaration of the

class is as shown in Table 3.

Table 3: CGPA required for award of Degree

Distinction 8.0*

First Class 7.0

Second Class 6.0

Pass 5.0

* In addition to the required CGPA of 8.0, the student must have necessarily passed all the

courses of every semester in first attempt.

13.0 ELIGIBILITY FOR AWARD OF THE M.TECH DEGREE

13.1 Duration of the programme:

A student is ordinarily expected to complete the M Tech. programme in four

semesters of two years. However a student may complete the programme in

not more than four years including study period.

13.2 However the above regulation may be relaxed by the Vice Chancellor in

individual cases for cogent and sufficient reasons.

13.3 Project dissertation shall be submitted on or before the last day of the course.

However, it can be extended up to a period of 6 months maximum, with the

written permission of the Head of the Department concerned.

13.4 A student shall be eligible for award of the M.Tech degree if he / she fulfils all

the following conditions.


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a) Registered and successfully completed all the courses and projects.

b) Successfully acquired the minimum required credits as specified in the

curriculum corresponding to the branch of his/her study within the

stipulated time.

c) Has no dues to the Institute, hostels, Libraries, NCC / NSS etc, and

d) No disciplinary action is pending against him / her.

13.5 The degree shall be awarded after approval by the Academic Council.


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RULES

1. With regard to the conduct of the end-semester examination in any of the practical

courses of the programme, the Head of the Department concerned shall appoint one

examiner from the department not connected with the conduct of regular laboratory

work, in addition to the teacher who handled the laboratory work during thesemester.

2. In respect of all theory examinations, the paper setting shall be done by an external

paper setter having a minimum of three years of teaching experience. The panel of

paper setters for each course is to be prepared by the Board of Studies of the

department concerned and approved by the Academic Council. The paper setters are

to be appointed by the Vice Chancellor on the basis of recommendation of Director

of Evaluation / Controller of Examinations.

3. The theory papers of end-semester examination will be evaluated by two examiners.

The examiners may be internal or external. The average of the two evaluations shallbe considered for the award of grade in that course.

4. If the difference of marks awarded by the two examiners of theory course exceeds 12

marks, the paper will have to be referred to third examiner for evaluation. The

average of the two nearest evaluations of the three shall be considered for the award

of the grade in that course.

5. Panel of examiners of evaluation for each course is to be prepared by the Board of

Studies of the department concerned and approved by the Academic Council.

6. The examiner for evaluation should possess post graduate qualification and a

minimum of three years teaching experience.7. The appointment of examiners for evaluation of theory papers will be done by the

Vice Chancellor on the basis of recommendation of Director of Evaluation /

Controller of Examinations from a panel of examiners approved by the Academic

Council.

8. Project work shall be evaluated by two examiners at the semester end examination.

One examiner shall be internal and the other be external. The Vice Chancellor can

permit appointment of second examiner to be internal when an external examiner is

not available.


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PG PROGRAMME CODE: EPRPA200802

M.Tech (POWER SYSTEM & AUTOMATION)Scheme of Instruction and Examination

wef 2012-13 admitted batch

1

st

Semester:

Code No. Subject L T P

Totalhours

Marks

Credits

Sessionals

Endexam

Total

EPRPA 101 Analysis of Dynamic Systems 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

EPRPA 102 Optimization Techniques 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

EPRPA 103 Advanced Power System Protection 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

EPRPA 104 Power System Stability & Control 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

EPRPA 121 to 123 Elective-I 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4EPRPA 111 Simulation Lab. - - 3 3 100 -- 100 2

Total Credits 22

2nd

Semester:


Totalhours

Marks

Credits

Sessionals

Endexam

Total

EPRPA 201 EHVAC Transmission 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4EPRPA 202 Power System Operation and Control 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

EPRPA 203 HVDC Transmission 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

EPRPA 204 Process Control & Automation 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

EPRPA 221 to 223 Elective-II 3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

EPRPA 211 Power Systems Lab. - - 3 3 100 -- 100 2

Total Credits 22

Elective - I: (E- I)

Code No. Subject

EPRPA 121 Energy Auditing, Conservation & ManagementEPRPA 122 Renewable Energy Sources

EPRPA 123 Power System Reliability

Elective II : (E II )

Code No. Subject

EPRPA 221 Reactive Power Control & FACTS

EPRPA 222 Power Quality

EPRPA 223 Artificial Neural Networks & Fuzzy Systems


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3rd

Semester:


Totalhours

Marks

Credits

Sessi

onals

Endexam

Total

EPRPA 311 Comprehensive Viva-Voce - - - - - 100 100 2

EPRPA 312 Project Phase I - - 12 12 50 50 100 12

Total Credits 14

4th

Semester:


Totalhours

Marks

Credits

Sessionals

Endexam

Total

EPRPA 411 Seminar - - - - 100 - 100 2

EPRPA 412 Project Phase II - - 24 24 50 50 100 16

Total Credits 18

Total Credits : 76


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M.Tech. (PS&A) I SEMESTER

EPRPA 101: ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS

L T P Total

hours

Marks

Credits

Sessionals End exam Total

3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

Unit-I

Discrete-time systems:

Introduction, Spectrum analysis of sampling process, difference equations, z-

transform, properties of z-transform, z-transfer function (pulse transfer

function) for linear discrete systems, analysis of sampled-data systems, z and s

domain relationship, Jurys stability test, bilinear transformation, root locus

technique, concepts of controllability and observability.

Unit-II

Design of discrete data systems:

Introduction, digital implementation of analog controllers, PID controllers, lag

and lead controllers, phase lead and phase lag controllers in w-domain, design

with dead-beat response, state feedback and pole placement, tracking problems,

observer design, full and reduced order observer design.

Unit-III

Advanced state space methods:

Introduction, Linear Quadratic Problem, Properties of LQR design, Kalman

filter, Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) problem, H control.

Unit-IV

Nonlinear Systems:

Introduction, behavior of nonlinear systems, common physical nonlinearities,

phase-plane method, singular points, Isocline method, Delta method,

linearization of nonlinear systems, properties of nonlinear systems, describing

function analysis of nonlinear systems.

Unit-V:

Stability of Nonlinear Systems:


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Stability analysis through describing function, Liapunovs stability criterion,

basic Liapunov stability theorems, Liapunov functions, direct method of

Liapunov, application to linear & nonlinear systems, variable gradient method,

Krasooviskis method.

Text Books:

1. Control System Engineering, I.J.Nagrath and M.Gopal, New Age International

Publishers, (3rd

Edition).

2. Design of Feedback Control Systems, Stefane, Shahian, Savant, Hostetter,

Oxford University Press, (4thEdition).

3. Nonlinear Control System Analysis by M. Vidyasagar, 2nd

edition, PH Inc,

1991.

Reference Books:

1. Automatic Control Systems, Benjamin C.Kuo, (7thEdition).

2. Modern Control Engineering, Ogata, Prentice Hall, (3rd

Edition).


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EPRPA 102 : OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES

L T P Total

hours

Marks

Cred

its


3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

Unit-I

Introduction to Optimization:

Optimization, classification of optimization problems, engineering applications

of optimization, optimization problem formulation.

Unit-II

Classical Optimization Techniques:

Necessary and sufficient conditions of the general problem, single variable

optimization, multivariable optimization with no constraints, multivariable

optimization with equality constraints, solution by direct substitution method,

method of constrained variation, method of Lagrangian multipliers,

multivariable optimization with inequality constraints, Kuhn Tuckerconditions.

Unit-IIILinear Programming :Basic terminology and definitions, exceptional cases, Simplex method, Big M

method, Two phase method, duality, Revised Simplex method.

Unit-IV

Non Linear Programming:

Unconstrained optimization: Powells method, steepest descent method,

Newtons method. Constrained optimization: Genetic Algorithm:- Introduction,

Terminology- Coding, Fitness Function, GA operators, Reproduction,Crossover, Mutation.

Unit-V

CPM and PERT:

Basic Terminology, network representation of project critical path, the PERT

method, optimum scheduling by CPM, LP formulation of CPM, PERT

problems.


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Text Books:1. Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice, S.S. Rao, New Age

International (P) Ltd., 3rd

Edition.

2. Operations Research, S.D.Sharma, Kedar Nath & Ram Nath & Co., 12th

Edition.3. Power System Optimization, D P Kothari, J S Dhillon, Prentice Hall of India

Pvt Ltd., 1stEdition.

Reference:1. HigherEngineeringMathematics, Dr. B.S.Grewal, Khanna Publishers, 34

th

Edition.

2. Operations Research An Introduction, Hamdy.A. Taha, Prentice Hall of

India, 7thedition.


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EPRPA 103 ADVANCED POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION

L T P Total

hours

Marks

Cr

edit

Sessionals End exam Total3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

Unit-I

Introduction to Protective Relays:

Current transformers for protection, Coupling capacitor voltage transformers,

transient performance of CCVT potential transformer, review of

electromagnetic relays static relays. Over current relays-time current

characteristic, current setting time setting, directional relay, static over currentrelays.

Unit-II

Distance protection-I:

Impedance, reactance, mho, angle impedance relays, Input quantities for

various types of distance relays, effect of arc resistance on the performance of

distance relays, selection of distance relays, MHO relay with blinders,

quadrilateral relay, elliptical relay, Restricted mho, impedance directional,

reactance relays, Swiveling characteristics.

Unit-III

Distance protection-II:

Compensation for correct distance measurement, reduction of measuring units,

switched schemes, Pilot relaying schemes, Wire pilot protection, circulating

current scheme, balanced voltage scheme, transley scheme, carrier current

protection, phase comparison carrier current protection, carrier aided distanceprotection.

Unit-IV

Digital relaying techniques:

Digital relaying algorithms, differential equation technique, discrete Fourier

transform technique, Walsh-Hadamard transform technique, rationalized Haar

transform technique, removal of dc offset.


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Unit-V

Microprocessor based protective relays:

Over current, directional, impedance, reactance relays, generalized

mathematical expressions for distance relays, mho and offset mho relays,

quadrilateral relay, Microprocessor implementation of digital distance relaying

algorithms.

Text books:

1. Power System Protection & Switchgear, Badriram & Vishwakarma, TMH

Publication, New Delhi, 2011

2. Power System Protection: Static Relays with microprocessor Applications,

Madhava Rao, TMH publication, 2004.Reference:

1. Power System Protection and Switch Gear, Ravindra Nath and Chandar,

New Age International Pvt Limited, 1977.


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EPRPA 104:POWER SYSTEM STABILITY & CONTROL

L T P Total

hours

Marks

Credits

sessionals End exam Total

3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

Unit-I

Synchronous Machine Modeling:

Review of Classical model of SMIB. Synchronous machine: flux linkage

equations, Parks transformation, per unit conversion, normalizing theequations, equivalent circuit, current space model, flux linkage state space

model; Sub-transient and transient inductances, time constants, Simplifiedmodels (one axis and constant flux linkage), steady state equations and phasor

diagrams.

Unit-II

Machine Controllers:

Exciter and voltage regulators: Function and types of excitation systems, typicalexcitation System configuration, block diagram and state space representation

of IEEE types-1,2,3 & 4 excitation system, saturation function, stabilizing

circuit. Speed governing systems: Block diagram and state space representationof IEEE governor, turbine systems.

Unit-III

Transient Stability:

State equation for multi-machine system with one axis model and simulation;

modeling of multi-machine power system with one axis machine model

including excitation system and speed governing system and simulation using

R-K method of fourth order (Gills technique) for transient stability analysis;

power system stabilizer.

Unit-IV

Dynamic Stability:

System response to small disturbances: Linear model of the unregulated

synchronous machine and its modes of oscillation, regulated synchronous

machine, linearization of the load equation for the one machine problem,

simplified linear model, effect of excitation on dynamic stability, approximate

system representation, supplementary stabilizing signals, dynamic performance

measure -small signal performance measures.


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Unit-V

Voltage stability:

Introduction to voltage stability, Factors affecting voltage instability and

collapse, Comparison of Angle and voltage stability, Analysis of voltage

instability and collapse, integrated analysis of voltage and Angle stability,Control of voltage instability.

Text Books:1. Power System Control and Stability, P.M. Anderson and A.A.Fouad, Galgotia

Publications, New Delhi, 2003.

2. Power System Stability and Control, P. Kundur, McGraw Hill Inc., USA, 1994.

Reference Books:1. Power System Dynamics and Stability, M.A.Pai and W.Sauer, Pearson

Education Asia, India, 2002.2. Electric Systems, Dynamics and stability with Artificial Intelligence applications,

James A.Momoh, Mohamed.E. EI-Hawary, Marcel Dekker, USA 1st ed., 2000.


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EPRPA 121 ENERGY AUDITING, CONSERVATION AND

MANAGEMENT

L T P Total

hours

Marks

Credit


3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

Unit-I

Energy auditing:

System approach and end use approach to efficient use of electricity, electricity

tariff types, energy auditing, types and objectives, audit instruments, ECO

assessment and economic methods, specific energy analysis, minimum energy

paths, consumption models, case study.

Unit-II

Energy Efficiency of Electrical Equipments:

Electric motors, energy efficient controls and starting efficiency, motor

efficiency and load analysis, energy efficient /high efficient motors, case study,

load matching and selection of motors, transformer loading/efficiency analysis,

feeder/cable loss evaluation, case study.

Unit-III

Reactive Power Management:

Reactive power management, capacitor sizing, degree of compensation,

capacitor losses, location, placement, maintenance, case study, peak demand

controls, methodologies, types of industrial loads, optimal load scheduling, case

study, lighting, energy efficient light sources, energy conservation in lighting

schemes, electronic ballast, power quality issues, luminaries, case study.

Unit-IV

Cogeneration:

Cogeneration, types and schemes, optimal operation of cogeneration plants,

case study, variable speed drives, pumps and fans, efficient control strategies,

optimal selection and sizing, optimal operation and storage, case study.


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Unit-V

Electric loads of Air conditioning & Refrigeration:

Electric loads of air conditioning & refrigeration, energy conservation

measures, cool storage, types, optimal operation, case study, electric water

heating, geysers, solar water heaters, power consumption in compressors,

energy conservation measures, electrolytic process.

Textbooks:

1. Art and Science of Utilisation of Electrical Energy, Partab H., Dhanpat Rai

and Sons, New Delhi.

2. Electric Energy Utilization And Conservation, Tripathy S.C., Tata McGraw

Hill.

Reference Books:

1. Recommended Practice for Energy Conservation and cost effective planning in

Industrial facilities, IEEE Bronze Book, IEEE Inc, USA.

2. Plant Engineers and Managers Guide to Energy Conservation Albert Thumann,

P.W,Seventh Edition, TWI PressInc, Terre Haute.

3. Energy Efficiency Manual, Donald R. W.,Energy Institute Press.

4. Guide Book on Promotion of Sustainable Energy Consumption, NESCAP.


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EPRPA 122 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

L T P Total

hours

Marks

Credits


3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

Unit-I

Introduction:

Introduction to Energy Conversion, Principle of Renewable Energy Systems,

Technical and Social Implications, Solar Radiation, Thermoelectric Conversion,

Principles of Solar Energy collection, Characteristics and principles of different

types of collectors and their efficiencies. Solar energy applications, water

heaters, air heaters, solar cooling, solar cooking, solar drying and power

generation, solar tower concept, solar pump, Introduction to Photovoltaic cells,

PV array and PV module, Maximum power point tracking system.

Unit-II

Wind energy:

Wind energy, Characteristics, Aerodynamics, Power extraction, Types of windmachines, Performance of Wind Machines, Wind Mills, Applications,

Economics of wind power.

Unit-III

Ocean & Geothermal Energy:

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Systems, Tidal and Wave power-

applications. Principle of working of Geothermal Power Plants, Advantages and

Disadvantages over other energy forms, Applications of Geothermal Energy.

Unit-IV

Bio- Energy:

Energy from Bio-mass, Bio conversion processes. Bio-gas generation and

utilization, Bio-gas plants various types, Industrial Wastes, Municipal waste,

Burning, Plants, Energy from the Agricultural wastes.


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Unit-V

MHD Power Generation, Fuel Cells & Hybrid- Energy System:

MHD Generators, Application of MHD generation, Fuel cells types,

applications. Diesel Generator and Photo-Voltaic System, Wind-Diesel Hybrid

System, Wind-Photovoltaic Systems.

Textbooks:1. Non-Conventional Energy Sources, G.D.Rai, Khanna publishers, Fourth

Edition, 2009.

2. Wind electrical systems, S.N.Bhadra, D. Kastha, S. Banerjee Oxford

University press.

References:1. Solar Energy: Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage, Sukhatme, S.P.,

Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.

2. Fuel Cell Systems, James Larminie , Andrew Dicks , John Weily & Sons Ltd.

3. Wind Energy Explained , J.F.Manwell,J.G.McGowan,A.L.Rogers ,John

Weily& Sons Ltd.

4. MHD Power Generation Engineering Aspects, E.J. Womack, Chapman and

Hall Publication.

5. Wind Electrical Systems, S.N.Bhadra, D. Kastha, S. Banerjee Oxford

University press.


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EPRPA 123: POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY

L T P Total

hours

Marks

Cre

dits


3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

Unit-I

Basics of Probability theory & Distribution:

Basic probability theory,rules for combining probabilities of events,Bernoulli's

trials, probability density and distribution functions, binomial distribution,

expected value and standard deviation of binomialdistribution.

Unit-II

Network Modelling and Reliability Analysis:

Analysis of series, parallel, series, parallel networks, complex networks,decomposition method, reliability functions f(t), F(t), R(t), H(t) and their

relationships, exponential distribution, expected value and standard deviation of

exponential distribution, reliability analysis of series parallel networks using

exponential distribution, bath tub curve, reliability measures MTTF, MTTR &

MTBF.

Unit-III

Markov Modelling:Markov chains, Concept of stochastic transitional probability matrix (STPM),

evaluation of limiting state probabilities, Markov Process of one component

repairable system, time dependent probability, evaluation using Laplace

Transform approach, evaluation of limiting state probabilities using STPM, twocomponent repairable models.

Unit-IVFrequency & Duration Techniques:

Frequency and duration concept, evaluation of frequency of encountering state,

mean cycle time for oneand two component repairable models, evaluation of

cumulative probability and cumulative frequency of encountering of merged

states.


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Unit-V

Generation& Distribution System Reliability Analysis:

Reliability model of a generation system, recursive relation for unit addition and

removal, load modeling, merging of generation load model, evaluation of

transition rates for merged state model, cumulative probability, cumulativefrequency of failure evaluation, LOLP, LOLE. distribution systems: basicconcepts, evaluation of basic and performance reliability indices of radial

networks.

Text Books:1. Reliability Evaluation of Engineering System, R. Billinton, R.N.Allan, Plenum

Press, New York, Second edition,2010.

2. Reliability Evaluation of Power systems, R. Billinton, R.N.Allan, Pitman

AdvanceI Publishing Program,New York,Second edition, Reprint 2010.

Reference Books:1. An Introduction to Reliability and Maintainability Engineering. Charles E.

Ebeling, TATA-McGraw Hill edition.


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M.Tech. (PS&A) II SEMESTER

EPRPA 201: EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE AC TRANSMISSION

L T P Total

hours

Marks

Credits


3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

Unit-I

Introduction to E.H.V. A.C:

Role of EHVAC transmission: transmission line trends and preliminary aspects

standard transmission voltages, power handling capacities and line losses,mechanical aspects.

Unit-II

Calculation of line parameters:

Resistance, inductances and capacitance, resistance of conductors, temperature

rise of conductor and current carrying capacity, inductance of two conductor

lines and multiconductor lines. Line capacitance calculation: capacitance of

two conductor lines, capacitance of multi conductor lines, mechanical design of

towers, sag-tension calculations.

Unit-III

Voltage Gradient on conductors:

Surface voltage gradient on conductors, surface gradient on two conductor

bundle and cosine law, maximum surface voltage gradient of bundle with morethan three sub conductors, Mangolt formula electro static field of single circuit

three phase line and double circuit three phase line.

Unit-IVCorona:

Corona in EHV lines, I2R loss and corona loss, charge voltage diagram and

corona loss, corona loss formulate, attenuation of traveling waves due tocorona, audio noise due to corona, its generation, characteristics and limits

measurement of audio noise.


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Unit-V

Power Frequency voltage control:

Problems at power frequency, generalized constants, no load voltage conditions

and charging currents, voltage control using synchronous conductor, cascade

connection of components: shunt and series compensation, sub synchronousresonance in series, capacitor compensated lines.

Text Book:

1. Extra High Voltage AC Transmission Engineering, Rakosh Das Begamudre,

Wiley Eastem Ltd., New Delhi, 3rd

edition, 1987.

Reference Books:

1. EHVAC, HVDC Transmission & Distribution Engineering, S.Rao, Khanna

Publications, 3rd

edition, 2003.2. EHV Transmission line reference book, Edision Electric Institute (GEC), 1986.


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EPRPA 202: POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL

L T P Total

hours

Marks

Cred

its

sessionals End exam Total

3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

Unit-I:

Unit Commitment:

Introduction, constraints in unit commitment, thermal unit constraints, unit

commitment solution methods, priority-list methods, Dynamic-Programming

solution, forward DP Approach, Lagrange relaxation solution. State Estimation-

Power System State Estimation, Weighted Least Square Estimation, StateEstimation of an AC Network.

Unit-II:

Load Frequency Control:Necessity of keeping frequency constant, definition of control area, single area

control, block diagram representation of an isolated power system, steady state

analysis, dynamic response, uncontrolled case, load frequency control of 2-area

system, uncontrolled case and controlled case, tie-time bias control.

Unit-III:

Generation with Limited Energy Supply:

Introduction, take-or-pay fuel supply contract, composite generation productioncost function, solution by gradient search techniques, hard limits and slack

variables, fuel scheduling by linear programming.

Unit-IV:

Hydrothermal Coordination:

Introduction, long range hydro scheduling, short-range hydro-scheduling,hydroelectric plant models, scheduling problems, types of scheduling problems,scheduling energy, the short term hydro-thermal scheduling problem, short term

hydro scheduling, gradient approach, pumped storage hydro plants, dynamic

programming solution to the hydrothermal scheduling problem.


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Unit-V:

Interchange of Power and Energy:

Introduction, economy interchange between interconnected utilities, inter-utility

economy energy evaluation, interchange evaluation with unit commitment,

multiple-utility interchange transactions, types of interchange, capacityinterchange, diversity interchange, emergency power interchange, inadvertentpower exchange, power pools, transmission effects and issues, problems.

Text Books:1. Power Generation Operation and Control, Allen J. Wood, Bruce F.Wollenberg,

2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2006.

2. Electrical Energy Systems Theory , O.I.Elgerd, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing

Company Ltd, 2nd

edition.

References Books :1. Modern Power System Analysis, I.J. Nagrath & D.P. Kothari, TMH,3

rd edition, 9

th

reprint, 2007.


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EPRPA 203: HVDC TRANSMISSION

L T P Total

hours

Marks

Cred

its


3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

Unit-IHVDC Transmission: General considerations, comparison of AC and DC

transmission, applications of DC transmission, types of DC links, converterstation and terminal equipment, planning for HVDC transmission, modern

trends in DC transmission, power handling capabilities of HVDC lines.

Unit-II

Static Power Converters: Basic AC/DC conversion principles, static converterconfiguration, 3-pulse, 6-pulse and 12-pulse converters, commutation process,

rectifier and inverter operation, equivalent circuit for converter, special features

of converter transformers.

Unit-IIIControl of HVDC Converters and systems: Converter control charecterstics,constant current, constant extinction angle and constant Ignition angle control,

firing angle control, DC power flow control.

Unit-IVConverter faults and protection: Introduction, converter faults, protection

against over currents and over voltages in a converter station, surge arresters,

smoothing reactors, corona effects, dc line insulators, transient over voltages in

DC line, protection of DC line, DC breakers.

Unit-VHarmonics in HVDC Systems and MTDC Systems: Harmonics in HVDC

systems, harmonic elimination, AC and DC filters, multi-terminal DC links and

systems, series, parallel and series parallel systems, their operation and control.

Text Books:1. High Voltage Direct current Transmission, K.R.Padiyar,New age publishers,2005.

2. HVDC Transmission, S Kamakshaiah, V Kamaraju, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2011.

Reference Books:

1. HVDC Transmission, EW Kimbark, John Wiley Publishers.

2. H.V.D.C. Transmission, J. Arillaga, Peter Peregrines Ltd., London, UK,

1983.

3. EHV-AC, HVDC Transmission & Distribution Engineering, S.Rao, Khanna

publishers, 3rd

edition, 2003.


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EPRPA 204: PROCESS CONTROL & AUTOMATION

L T P Total

hours

Marks

C

redits


3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

Unit-I

Fundamentals of Process Control: Definition of industrial processes and

control, Hierarchies in process control systems block diagram representation of

process control system, Control system instrumentation, Codes and Standards,

preparation of P& I diagrams.

Unit-IIStrategies for Computer-Aided Process Control : Open loop control systems,

closed loop (feed back) control system, feed forward control system, cascade

control system, ratio control, controller design, controller tuning, tuning of P,PI and PID controllers, Ziegler-Nichols tuning method, selection of controllers,

predictive control, model based predictive control, multi-variable control

system.

Unit-IIIProgrammable Logic Controllers (PLCs): Introduction, principles of

operation, architecture of programmable logic controllers, programming the

programmable controllers, software, configurations, applications.Unit-IV

Distributed Control Systems: Introduction, functional requirements ofdistributed control system, system architecture, distributed control systems

configuration and applications of distributed control systems.

Unit-VIndustrial control Applications: Automation of Thermal power plant,

automation strategy, distributed system structure, automatic boiler controller,

diagnostic function and protection, digital electro-hydraulic governor, automatic

start-up system, thermal stress control, man-machine interface, software system,communication system, variable pressure control, combined plant control.Textbooks:

1. Computer based Industrial Control, Krishna Kant, Prentice-Hall India, 2003.

2. Computer Aided Process Control, S.K.Singh, Prentice-Hall India, 2005.

Reference books:

1. Process Dynamics and Control, Seborg, D.E., T.F. Edgar, and D.A. Mellichamp, John

Wiley, 2004.

2. Johnson D Curtis, Instrumentation Technology, Prentice-Hall India, 7th

Ed., 2002.


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EPRPA 221 : REACTIVE POWER CONTROL AND FACTS

L T P Total

hours

Marks

Cred

its


3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

Unit-I

Reactive Power Flow and Voltage control Problems:

Introduction, Reactive Power-Voltage (Q-V) Coupling Concept, Reactive

Power requirement for control of Voltage in Transmission Lines, BasicPrinciple of System Voltage Control, Reactive Power Flow Constraints and

their Implications in Loss of Voltage.

Unit-II

Improvement of Voltage Stability in Power Transmission Systems:Methods of Improving Voltage Stability, Introduction to FACTS- Basic Types

of FACTS controllers, Brief Description and Definitions of FACTS Controllers.

Static Var Compensator(SVC): Principle of operation, configuration and

control. Static Compensator (STATCOM): Principle of operation,

configuration and control.

Unit III

Static Synchronous Series Compensator:

Introduction, Operation of SSSC and the Control of Power Flow, Modeling and

Control of SSSC, SSSC with an Energy Source, Analysis of SSR with a SSSC,Applications of SSSC.

UnitIV

Unified Power Flow Controller:

Introduction, Operation of a UPFC, Control of UPFC, Protection of UPFC,Interline Power Flow Controller, Convertible Static Compensator, Modeling of

UPFC, IPFC, SSR Characteristics of UPFC, Applications of UPFC.

UnitV

Oscillation Stability Analysis and Control:

Introduction, Linearised model of power systems installed with FACTS based

Stabilizers, Heffron-Phillips model of a SMIB system installed with SVC,

Heffron-Phillips model of a SMIB system with UPFC.


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Text Books:1. Reactive Power Control in Power Systems, T J E Miller, John Wiley, 1982.

2. Understanding FACTS, N G Hingorani and L Gyugyi, IEEE Press, 2000.

3. FACTS controllers for transmission and Distribution systems, K.R.Padiyar,

New Age International Publishers 1st edition -2007.References:1. Computer modeling of Electrical Power Systems, J Arriliga and N R Watson,

Wiley, 2001.

2. An Introduction to Reactive Power Control and Voltage Stability in Power

Transmission Systems, Abhijit chakrabarti, D.P.Kothari, A.K.Mukhopadhyay,

Abhinandan De., PHI publications, 2010.


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EPRPA 222: POWER QUALITY

L T P Total

hours

Marks

Credits


3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

Unit-I

Introduction:

Introduction of the Power Quality (PQ) problem, Terms used in PQ: Voltage,

Sag, Swell, Surges, Harmonics, over voltages, spikes, Voltage fluctuations,Transients, Interruption, overview of power quality phenomenon, Sources of

PQ problems, Remedies to improve PQ, power quality monitoring.

Unit-II

Long & Short Interruptions:

Long Interruptions: Terminology, causes and origin of Interruptions, Limits for

the Interruption frequency and duration, costs of Interruption. Short

interruptions: Terminology, origin of short interruptions- basic principle, fusesaving, voltage magnitude events due to re-closing, voltage during the

interruption and monitoring, difference between medium and low voltage

systems. Multiple events, single phase tripping - voltage and current duringfault and post fault period.

Unit-III

Voltage sag - characterization:

Voltage sag - definition, causes of voltage sag, voltage sag magnitude-

monitoring, theoretical calculations, voltage sag calculation in non-radial

systems, meshed systems, voltage sag duration, Types of three phase

unbalanced sags, phase angle jumps, magnitude and phase angle jumps for three

phase unbalanced sags, load influence on voltage sags.

Unit-VI

Harmonics:

Harmonic distortion, Voltage versus Current distortion, Harmonic indexes,

Harmonic sources from commercial loads, Harmonic sources from industrial

loads; Locating Harmonic sources, System response characteristics. Effects ofHarmonic Distortion.


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Unit-V

Custom Power Devices - An Introduction: Overview of mitigation methods -

from fault to trip, reducing the number of faults, reducing the fault clearing

time, changing the power system, installing mitigation equipment, improving

equipment immunity, different events and mitigation methods. Utility-CustomerInterface, Introduction to CP devices-Network Reconfiguring Devices, LoadCompensation and Voltage Regulation using DSTATCOM, Protecting

Sensitive loads using DVR, Unified Power Quality Conditioner(UPQC).

Text Books:1. Understanding Power Quality Problems, Math H J Bollen, IEEE Press, Standard

Publishers Distributors, 1stedition, 2001.

Reference Books:1. Power Quality Enhancement Using Custom Power Devices, Arindham Ghosh,

Gerard Ledwich, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1stedition, 2002.

2. Electrical Power System Quality, Roger C.Dugan, Mark F.McGranaghan, Surya

Santoso, H. Wayne Beaty, MC Graw-Hill, 2ndedition, 2004.


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EPRPA 223: ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY

SYSTEMS

L T P Total

hours

Marks

Credits


3 1 - 4 40 60 100 4

Unit-I

Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks:

Biological foundations, ANN models: Feed forward & Feedback Networks,

Types of activation functions. Network architectures: Single Layer FeedForward Network (MLFFN) & Multi Layer Feed Forward Network (MLFFN),

Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) training.

Unit-II

Learning processof Neural Networks:Learning process, Supervised and unsupervised learning, Error-correction

learning, Perceptron learning, Delta Learning & Widrow-Hoff learning,

Hebbian learning, Boltzmann learning, Single layer and multilayer perceptrons:

Back propagation algorithm, applications in forecasting and pattern recognition.

Unit-III

Introduction to Fuzzy Logic:

Fuzzy sets, classical sets, fuzzy sets, operations of fuzzy sets, properties of

fuzzy sets, The cardinality of fuzzy sets, resolution identity, convex fuzzy sets,Fuzzy Relations, Fuzzy arithmetic, numbers and extension principle.

Unit-IV

Fuzzy Membership functions:Membership functions, Fuzzy to crisp conversion, Fuzzification and

defuzzification methods, applications in engineering problems, Fuzzy logic and

approximate reasoning, other forms of the implication operation and other

forms of composition operation.


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Unit-V

Fuzzy Control & Applications:

Fuzzy control systems, Introduction, simple fuzzy logic controllers with

examples, classical fuzzy control problems, inverter pendulum, image

processing, Home heating system, Adaptive fuzzy systems, hybrid systems.

Texts Books:

1. Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems, J.M. Zurada, Jaico Publishers,

2001.

2. Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation, Simon Haykins, Pearson

Education, Asia, 2nd

edition.

3. Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross, McGraw Hill,

New York, 2nd

edition.

Reference Books:

1. Fuzzy Set Theory and its Applications, H.J. Zimmermann, Kluwer Academic

Publishers, London, 3rd

edition.

2. Understanding Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic: Basic Concepts and

Applications, Stamatios V Kartalopoulos, Prentice Hall of India (P) Ltd.,

New Delhi, 2000.

m.tech. power systems & automation

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