mto granular aggregates summary 2014soils and aggregates section received completed qa granular...

MTO Granular Aggregates Summary 2014

Ministry of Transportation

Materials Engineering and Research Office Report

MERO-051

Publication

Title


Technical Report Documentation Page

Author(s) Avirup Kar, John A. Blair

Originating Office Soils and Aggregates Section, Materials Engineering and Research Office

Report Number MERO-051; ISBN 978-1-4606-5600-6 (Print); ISBN 978-1-4606-5601-3 (PDF)

Publication Date March 2015

Ministry Contact Soils and Aggregates Section

Materials Engineering and Research Office

Highway Standards Branch


Room 220, Building C, 1201 Wilson Avenue

Downsview, Ontario, Canada M3M 1J8

Tel: (416) 235-3735; Fax: (416) 235-4101

Abstract This report provides a summary of the compliance of granular aggregates tested with MTO

material specifications for the 2014 construction year. Each of the following granular

aggregate types are summarized in this report: Granular A, Granular B Type I, Granular B

Type II, Granular B Type III, Granular M, Granular O and SSM.

The five Regional Quality Assurance Sections submitted data from contracts that were

active during the 2014 construction season, which is summarized in a series of tables and

graphs. Based on information obtained elsewhere, this represents approximately 60% of the

actual quantities of granular aggregates that MTO used in 2014.

Provincial and regional summaries are included for quantities, the number of lots and

quantities tested, as well as the number of lots and the quantities of material accepted at full

price, accepted with a reduced price and rejected.

Quality assurance acceptance data for approximately 3.945 million tonnes of granular

materials were reported in MTO’s road construction contracts in 2014, of which 9.3% was

produced from material excavated from within the right-of-way and 4.7% from reclaimed

materials. Granular A represented 56.2% of the total granular materials placed by MTO.

Random samples were tested from 2.974 million tonnes, representing 75.4% of the total

quantity of granular aggregates, to determine payment adjustments for quality assurance

purposes during the 2014 construction season. Based on the total granular aggregate

quantity. 95.1%, was accepted at full price.

Key Words

Aggregates, acceptance, granular base, granular subbase, Ontario, price adjustments,

provincial summary, quality assurance.

Distribution Limited distribution to technical audience


Materials Engineering and Research Office Report

MERO-051 ISSN 2369-0798 (Print)

ISSN 2369-0801 (Online)


March 2015

Prepared by:

Avirup Kar and John A. Blair

Soils and Aggregates Section

Materials Engineering and Research Office

Highway Standards Branch


1201 Wilson Avenue

Downsview, Ontario, Canada M3M 1J8

Published without prejudice as to the

application of the findings. Crown copyright reserved

- i -

MTO Granular Aggregates Summary 2014; MERO-051

Table of Contents

List of Figures .................................................................................................... iii

List of Tables ...................................................................................................... iii

1.0 - Executive Summary .................................................................................... 1

2.0 - Introduction ................................................................................................. 3

3.0 - Background ................................................................................................. 5

4.0 - Quantity Summaries ................................................................................... 7

4.1 - Quantities of Granular Materials by Type in 2014 ...................................... 7

4.2 - Quantities by Material Source .................................................................. 11

4.3 - Reclaimed Materials ................................................................................ 13

4.4 - Acceptance of Granular Aggregates ........................................................ 15

5.0 - Summary ................................................................................................... 23

6.0 - Acknowledgements .................................................................................. 25

7.0 - References ................................................................................................ 27

Appendix A: Sources of Granular Aggregates Used by Each MTO Region

During 2014 .................................................................................. 29

Appendix B: Quantities of Natural Aggregates by Source Used in Granular

Aggregates by Each MTO Region in 2014 ................................. 33

Appendix C: Disposition of QA Lots of Granular Aggregates Tested in Each

MTO Region in 2014 .................................................................... 37

C.1 - Disposition Based On Quantities Within The Lots Tested ....................... 37

C.2 - Disposition Based On Number Of Lots Tested........................................ 41

Appendix D: Lot Summary of Granular Aggregates Tested by Each Region

in 2014 .......................................................................................... 45

Appendix E: Summary of Weighted Average Payment Adjustments for

Quantities Tested and Quantities Placed in 2014 (¢/tonne) ..... 47

- ii -


- iii -


List of Figures

Figure 1: Total MTO Quantities of Granular Aggregate .................................................... 8

Figure 2: Total Quantities of Granular Aggregates by Region in 2014 ............................. 9

Figure 3: Total Quantities of Each Granular Aggregate by Region in 2014 .................... 10

Figure 4: Total Quantities of Granular Aggregates in 2014 by Source ........................... 12

Figure 5: 2014 Reclaimed Materials in Granular Aggregates ......................................... 13

Figure 6: 2014 Reclaimed Materials in Granular Aggregates By Region ........................ 13

Figure 7: Quantities of Combined RAP and RCM in Granular A ..................................... 14

Figure 8: 2014 Weighted Average Payment Adjustment Factors ................................... 21

List of Tables

Table 1: Quantity Summary of Granular Aggregates by Region in 2014 ......................... 7

Table 2: 2014 MTO Quantities of Aggregate in Granular from Natural and Reclaimed Materials by Source ....................................................................... 11

Table 3: 2014 MTO Summary and Disposition of Granular Material Lots Tested (all quantities in kilotonnes) ................................................................. 16

Table 4: Weighted Average Payment Adjustment Factors For Each Granular Aggregate Based on Lot Quantities Tested in 2014 ......................... 18

Table 5: Weighted Average Payment Adjustment Factors For Each Granular Aggregate Based on Total Quantities Reported in 2014 .................. 18

Table 6: Weighted Average Payment Reduction For Each Granular Aggregate Based on Lot Quantities Tested in 2014 (¢/tonne) ......................... 19

Table 7: Weighted Average Payment Reduction For Each Granular Aggregate Based on Total Quantities reported in 2014 (¢/tonne) ................... 19

- iv -


- 1 -


1.0 - Executive Summary

Each year, the Ministry of Transportation (MTO) uses large quantities of granular aggregates for road

construction purposes. This report is intended to capture the available information on the quantities

and quality of granular materials supplied for road base and subbase, backfill, and other purposes.

Data sheets summarizing the quantity and quality of granular aggregates used in contracts for road

construction during the 2014 construction season were received by the Soils and Aggregates Section of

the Materials Engineering & Research Office at MTO from all five regional Quality Assurance

Sections. Based on information obtained elsewhere, this represents approximately 60% of the actual

quantities of granular aggregates that MTO used in 2014.

Based on the reported data, approximately 3.945 million tonnes of granular aggregates were placed, of

which 74.8% came from commercial sources, 11.1% came from non-commercial sources, 9.3% were

produced from rock that was obtained within the Right-of-Way (ROW), and 4.7% came from

reclaimed materials, predominantly from Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), and Reclaimed

Concrete Material (RCM).

At MTO, granular aggregates are specified according to Ontario Provincial Standard Specification

OPSS.PROV 1010.

Granular A represented 56.2% of the total granular aggregates placed and Granular B (Types I, II and

III) represented 41.8%. Granular O, M and SSM made up the remaining 2.0% of the total used.

Based on the QA acceptance system in place during 2014, approximately 2.974 million tonnes, or

75.4% of the total granular aggregates were sampled and tested for quality assurance purposes. Most

of the tonnage (95.1%) was accepted at full price and 4.9% was accepted with an adjusted price.

However, since only 75.4% of the total materials were actually sampled and tested for quality

assurance purposes, 93.4% of the granular aggregates tested were accepted at full price and 6.6% with

an adjusted price.

- 2 -


- 3 -


2.0 - Introduction

Each year, MTO uses large quantities of aggregates for the construction, rehabilitation, and

maintenance of provincial highways. These aggregates are continuously sampled and tested to provide

evidence that they meet the physical quality and gradation requirements identified by the specifications

contained within the contract documents for each project. Specifications have been developed to

ensure that the aggregates meet the engineering needs for the intended application and to establish

administrative procedures for acceptance and payment to the contractor.

This report summarizes quantities and the quality assurance acceptance of granular aggregates used in

MTO contracts for road construction purposes during the 2014 construction season. During 2014, the

Soils and Aggregates Section received completed QA Granular Summary Sheets from a total of 124

contracts. Based on information obtained elsewhere, this represents approximately 60% of the actual

quantities of granular aggregates that MTO used in 2014.

For MTO’s purposes, granular aggregates may be defined as unbound aggregates that are used for a

variety of road construction purposes. Within the Highway Standards Branch of MTO, the Soils and

Aggregates Section is responsible for material and construction specifications for Granular A

(pavement base, gravel sheeting, shoulder, and bedding and backfill to sewers, culverts and other

structures), Granular O (permeable pavement base), Granular B, Types I, II, and III (pavement subbase

and backfill), Granular M (shoulder maintenance) and SSM (subgrade).

The summaries are presented as a series of tables and graphs showing the tonnages and the proportions

of those materials accepted at full price, accepted with an adjusted price, or rejected. Although several

tests are used for quality assurance purposes, only the results for gradation and percent crushed

(Granular A only) are presented here. The results of these tests have been found to vary the most and,

as such, have generally been used as the basis for acceptance (and payment adjustments) of granular

aggregate materials.

The main body of this report summarizes the data on a provincial basis with more detailed regional

summaries and data presented in the Appendices.

- 4 -


- 5 -


3.0 - Background

MTO’s acceptance of granular aggregates is based on test results performed on samples taken from

individual lots of material. The gradation and other quality-related aspects of these materials and the

protocol for establishing the size of each of the lots and how they are accepted is based on Ontario

Provincial Standard Specification (OPSS.PROV) 1010.

An ®Excel-based data-gathering template, entitled “QA Granular Summary Sheet” is currently being

used to capture quantity summaries, details of the lots tested, and the disposition of those lots, i.e.,

whether they were accepted at full price, reduced price, or rejected, for all granular materials used on

the contract.

Contract Administrators are required to fill all of the relevant information into these templates at the

end of each contract or, for carry-over contracts, at the end of each construction season. The

completed templates are then submitted back to the Soils and Aggregates Section through the

appropriate Regional Quality Assurance Offices. The Soils and Aggregates Section then uses a data

collection and calculation system (Global File) to automatically analyze, summarize, and present the

data.

This report summarizes the quantity and quality of the granular aggregates from MTO road

construction contracts during the 2014 construction season based on the summary sheets completed

and received by the Soils and Aggregates Section by March 2nd

, 2015. The summaries are presented as

a series of tables and graphs showing the tonnages of the aggregates that were obtained from

conventional sources (pits and quarries), aggregates processed from material obtained from within the

Right-Of-Way (ROW), reclaimed materials that were used, as well as conformance of the individual

granular types to the acceptance criteria. The main body of this report summarizes the data on a

provincial basis, with more detailed regional summaries and data presented in the Appendices.

- 6 -


- 7 -


4.0 - Quantity Summaries

Each Granular Summary Sheet included the quantities of each different granular aggregate reported on

each contract on the basis of the production obtained from commercial sources, non-commercial

sources, or aggregates produced from rock materials obtained from within the ROW.

For Granular A, BI, BIII and M, the summaries also included the quantities of Reclaimed Asphalt

Pavement (RAP) and/or Reclaimed Concrete Material (RCM). Although MTO allows other products

such as blast furnace slag, nickel slag, glass, and ceramics to be used as a granular aggregate, there was

no reported use of these other materials during the 2014 construction season.

4.1 - Quantities of Granular Materials by Type in 2014

Table 1 and Figure 1 summarize the total quantities of granular aggregates by type in each MTO

region during the 2014 construction season. A total of 3.945 million tonnes of granular aggregates

were reported on MTO contracts in 2014.

Table 1: Quantity Summary of Granular Aggregates by Region in 2014

Granular

Material/

Type

Kilotonnes

MTO Region MTO

Provincial

Totals Central Eastern Northeastern Northwestern West

Granular A 1028 169 592 123 304 2216

Granular B I 219 5 412 0 220 856

Granular B II 71 137 279 116 2 605

Granular B III 0 85 0 21 83 190

Granular O 0 5 0 2 0 7

Granular M 0 0 0 0 0 0

SSM 0 0.3 71 0 0.3 72

Total (# of

Contracts) 1318 (32) 401 (18) 1355 (38) 262 (14) 609 (22) 3945 (124)

- 8 -


Figure 1: Total MTO Quantities of Granular Aggregate

Granular A provided the largest quantity, 2.216 million tonnes or 56.2% of the total granular

aggregates. This quantity includes materials coming from all possible sources, including commercial

sources, non-commercial sources, aggregates produced from materials excavated from within the

ROW, and reclaimed materials.

All three types of Granular B (Types I, II, and III) represented 1.651 million tonnes or 41.8% of the

granular materials reported by MTO during 2014. SSM represents approximately 1.8% of the total

granular aggregates (Eastern, Northeastern and West Regions), Granular M represented 0% of the total

granular aggregates and Granular O represented only about 0.2% of the total (Eastern and

Northwestern Regions only).

Figure 2 shows the total quantities of all granular aggregates placed and the proportions used by each

MTO region in 2014

Northeastern Region reported the largest quantity of granular aggregates (1.355 million tonnes or

34.3%), followed by Central (33.4%), West (15.4%), Eastern (10.2%) and Northwestern Region

(6.6%).

- 9 -


Figure 2: Total Quantities of Granular Aggregates by Region in 2014

Figure 3 shows the quantities and the percentages of each different granular material (excluding

Granular M), broken down on a regional basis. Granular A was used in all five MTO regions with

Central Region placing 46.4% of the total or 1.028 million tonnes.

Four regions (Central, Eastern, Northeastern, and West) used Granular BI with almost half of it in

Northeastern Region (48.2% or 412 kilotonnes) with the remainder split almost evenly between

Central and West Regions. Eastern, Northeastern, and Northwestern Regions used 87.9% or 532

kilotonnes of Granular BII with the remainder split by the other two regions. Granular BIII was used in

three MTO regions (Eastern, Northwestern, and West) with Eastern and West Region with 44.9% and

44.0% of the 190 kilotonnes, respectively.

Granular O was used in two MTO regions, Eastern Region (73.1% or 5 kilotonnes) and Northwestern

Region (26.9% or 2 kilotonnes).

Granular M was not used in any of the MTO regions in 2014. Almost all (99.2% or 71 kilotonnes) of

the 72 kilotonnes of SSM was used in Northeastern Region.

- 10 -


Figure 3: Total Quantities of Each Granular Aggregate by Region in 2014

- 11 -


4.2 - Quantities by Material Source

Table 2 summarizes the total quantities of granular material reported in 2014 by each MTO region on

the basis of aggregate source. These include commercial sources (licensed pits and quarries), non-

commercial sources, aggregates produced from rock materials excavated from within the ROW, and

reclaimed materials. In Ontario, non-commercial sources collectively refer to wayside sources, Crown

sources, Letter of Approval sources, and Indian Land sources, as defined under the Aggregate

Resources Act.

The detailed breakdown of these quantities by region and granular aggregate type are summarized in

Appendix A. For the purposes of this report, natural aggregates include aggregates excavated from

pits or produced from blasted rock in quarries or produced from within the right-of-way.

Table 2: 2014 MTO Quantities of Aggregate in Granular from Natural and

Reclaimed Materials by Source

Source

Kilotonnes %

Region Province Natural

Aggregates/

Reclaimed

Materials

Total

Granular

Aggregates C W E NE NW Total

Commercial Source 1156 598 401 717 80 2953 78.6 74.8

Non-commercial Source

1 0 0 263 175 439 11.7 11.1

Material from ROW 0 0 0 360 6 366 9.7 9.3

Total Natural

Aggregate 1157 598 401 1340 262 3758 100.0 95.3

RAP 23 11 0 14 0.4 49 26.2 1.2

RCM 138 0 0 0 0 138 73.8 3.5

Glass/Ceramics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Other Reclaimed Materials

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total Reclaimed

Materials 161 11 0 14 0 187 100 4.7

TOTALS 1318 609 401 1355 262 3945 - 100.0

The majority of the granular aggregates (74.8%) came from commercial sources. A small proportion

of the granular aggregates (9.3%) were also produced from rock excavated within the right-of-way

(ROW). Granular aggregates produced from non-commercial sources represented 11.1% of the total

- 12 -


granular aggregates with reclaimed materials making up the remaining 4.7%.

Figure 4 shows the tonnages and the proportions of each granular aggregate type obtained from

commercial sources, non-commercial sources and from rock materials excavated from within the

ROW. Aggregate for Granular A or BII came from all three sources. Granular O was only produced

from commercial sources. Granular BI, BIII and SSM were produced from both commercial and non-

commercial sources.

Bar charts showing the quantities of each granular aggregate type that were produced from each

different source on a regional basis are presented in APPENDIX B.

Figure 4: Total Quantities of Granular Aggregates in 2014 by Source

- 13 -


4.3 - Reclaimed Materials

MTO specifications allow the use of reclaimed construction materials and recovered industrial co-

products for use as aggregates in Granular A, BI, BIII, and M.

Figure 5 shows a total of 187 kilotonnes of reclaimed materials used in granular aggregates in 2014.

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and Reclaimed Concrete Material (RCM) represents all the

reclaimed materials used in granular aggregates, with RCM representing 73.8%, and RAP 26.2%. .

Blast furnace slag, nickel slag, glass and ceramic material were not reported as being used on MTO

contracts in 2014.

Figure 6 presents the total quantities and proportions of reclaimed material reported by each MTO

region. Central Region reported 86.0% or 161 kilotonnes of the total reclaimed materials in granular

aggregates. Northeastern, Northwestern and West Regions reported the remaining 25 kilotonnes

(14.0%).

Figure 5: 2014 Reclaimed Materials

in Granular Aggregates

Figure 6: 2014 Reclaimed Materials in

Granular Aggregates By

Region

Note: quantities of material reclaimed from in-situ rehabilitation of existing pavements (full depth

reclamation, FDR) and used as aggregate in new granular base are not included in this report.

Materials from the FDR process are not subject to the same quality assurance acceptance processes.

The majority of reclaimed materials (152 kilotonnes or 81.3%) was used as Granular A in 2014. The

remainder was used as Granular B Type I. RAP and/or RCM represented about 6.9% of the Granular

A on MTO contracts in 2014.

Figure 7 contains historical data on the combined quantities of RAP and RCM used in Granular A on

MTO contracts since 2005. The proportion of RAP and RCM in Granular A has ranged from 3.8% to

21.4%, with the average being about 13.4% over those years. Overall, the proportion of RAP and

RCM as Granular A has declined since 2011.

- 14 -


Figure 7: Quantities of Combined RAP and RCM in Granular A

Percentage of RAP and RCM in Granular A

Year Quantities (kilo-tonnes)

% of Granular A Granular A RAP RCM Total

2005 1,943 83 322 404 20.8%

2006 2,882 59 74 133 4.6%

2007 3,343 157 470 627 18.7%

2008 3,662 191 594 785 21.4%

2009 4,237 425 294 719 17.0%

2010 3,266 114 11 125 3.8%

2011 3,431 230 402 632 18.4%

2012 4,213 118 391 509 12.1%

2013 3,338 166 175 341 10.2%

2014 2,216 44 108 152 6.9%

- 15 -


4.4 - Acceptance of Granular Aggregates

Acceptance of granular materials on MTO contracts is based on Owner quality assurance sampling and

testing. Granular aggregates used for road base and subbase materials are sampled after placement and

prior to compaction. Granular materials are tested and accepted on the basis of a lot system according to

the following schedule:

i) For quantities of up to 5,000 tonnes delivered to the work (with sampling and testing possibly

waived for less than 1000 tonnes) – one lot.

ii) For quantities of Granular A, O and M greater than 5000 tonnes delivered to the work: 5,000

tonne lots for the first 20,000 tonnes and 10,000 tonne lots thereafter;

iii) For quantities of Granular BI, BII, BIII and SSM greater than 5000 tonnes delivered to the work:

10,000 tonne lots for the first 20,000 tonnes and 20,000 tonne lots thereafter.

Each lot is divided into four equal sublots and a sample is randomly obtained from each sublot for

testing. The mean and range of the percent passing the four sublots on each sieve in a gradation test

(as well as % Crushed Particles for Granular A only) forms the main basis for acceptance of the lot.

Physical property testing (Micro-Deval Abrasion and Unconfined Freeze-Thaw) is also done for

acceptance. However, since the material for these tests is accepted on a pass/fail basis, these tests are

not used for production testing and are not dealt with in this report.

If the mean and range for gradation (and % Crushed Particles for Granular A) within a tested lot is

found to be acceptable, then all of the material within that lot is accepted and is paid for at full price.

However, if the aggregate does not meet these requirements, adjustment points are accrued and the

tested lot is paid for at an adjusted, i.e., reduced, price. Depending upon the particular granular

material involved, when adjustment points exceed a specific value, the lot is deemed rejectable.

Before the lot is given an adjusted price, the Contractor has the option of referee testing by a 3rd

party

with the results being binding on both parties. The results reported to the Soils and Aggregates

Section in the Granular Summary Sheets includes any referee testing that has been conducted.

Table 3 shows a summary of the total quantities of each different granular aggregate placed, the

number of lots and the associated quantities that were tested in 2014, as well as the number of lots, the

associated quantities, and the percentages of the totals that were accepted at full price, accepted with

an adjusted price, or were rejected. The Provincial data is summarized on the basis of all of the QA

Granular Summary Sheets that were received by the Soils and Aggregates Section for construction

work carried out in 2014. Detailed summaries for each of MTO’s five regions are given in

Appendices C and D.

- 16 -


Table 3: 2014 MTO Summary and Disposition of Granular Material Lots Tested

(all quantities in kilotonnes)

Granular

Material/Type O A M B 1 B II B III SSM Totals

Total Quantity Placed

7 2216 0 856 605 190 72 3945

# of Lots Tested 1 254 0 66 46 20 7 394

Total Qty Tested

(% placed)

2

(26.9)

1391

(62.7)

0

(0)

771

(90.1)

567

(93.8)

183

(96.4)

60

(83.4)

2974

(75.4)

# of Lots Accepted at Full Price

(% tested)

1

(100)

224

(88.2)

0

(0)

63

(95.5)

44

(95.7)

17

(85.0)

7

(100)

356

(90.4)

Qty Within Tested Lots Accepted at Full Price

(% tested)

2

(100)

1262

(90.8)

0

(0)

739

(95.8)

547

(96.5)

168

(92.1)

60

(100)

2779

(93.4)

Qty Accepted at Full Price

(% placed)

7.0

(100)

2088

(94.2)

0

(0)

824

(96.3)

585

(96.7)

175

(92.4)

72

(100)

3751

(95.1)

# of Lots Accepted at Adjusted Price

(% tested)

0

(0)

30

(11.8)

0

(0)

3

(4.5)

2

(4.3)

3

(15.0)

0

(0)

38

(9.6)

Qty. Within Tested Lots Accepted at an Adjusted Price

(% tested/% placed)

0

(0/0)

128

(9.2/5.8)

0

(0/0)

32

(4.2/3.7)

20

(3.5/3.3)

14

(7.9/7.6)

0

(0/0)

195

(6.6/4.9)

# of Lots Rejected

(% tested)

0

(0)

0

(0)

0

(0)

0

(0)

0

(0)

0

(0)

0

(0)

0

(0)

Qty. Rejected

(% tested)

0

(0)

0

(0)

0

(0)

0

(0)

0

(0)

0

(0)

0

(0)

0

(0)

Table 3 shows a total of 394 lots representing approximately 2.974 million tonnes of granular

aggregates that were tested on MTO contracts in 2014. This represents 75.4% of the total quantity of

granular material reported from 2014 contracts.

- 17 -


Overall, 90.4% of the tested lots were accepted at full price. However, since 24.6% of the total

quantity was accepted at full price without testing, the amount of granular material actually accepted at

full price is 95.1% of the total quantity. The results in Table 3 also indicate that, on average; 6.6% of

the material within the tested lots was accepted with an adjusted price (4.9% based on the total

quantity).

None of the contract summaries that MTO received in 2014 had tested lots that were rejected.

For Granular B (Type I, II and II), between 92.1% and 96.5% of the quantity tested was accepted at

full price (92.4% to 96.7% based on the total quantity). However, only 90.8% of the Granular A tested

(94.2% of the total quantity) was accepted at full price and 128 kilotonnes accepted as price-adjusted

material which represents 5.8% of the total Granular A quantity.

The details of each individual sieve where the adjustment points were accrued on a Provincial basis

are given in Tables 4 and 5 for all seven granular aggregate materials. These tables are based on

weighted averages of the mean, range, and total payment adjustment factors.

For instance, in Table 4, the weighted averages for each sieve were determined by summing up the

adjustment points accrued on that sieve multiplied by the tonnage tested for all contracts using the

same granular material and then dividing that number by the total tonnage tested across the Province.

Table 5 represents similar data but it is weighted on the basis of the total tonnage placed. Figure 8

presents the data from these two tables in bar chart form and graphically shows the sieves where the

payment adjustments were the most prevalent.

Tables 6, 7, and Appendix E are very similar to Tables 4, 5, and Figure 8, respectively, except that the

weighted averages are based on the average payment adjustments in ¢/tonne. In this case, the weighted

averages from Tables 4 and 5 are combined with the following prices for the various granular

aggregate types:

Granular A, O, and M: $16.00 per tonne;

Granular BII: $13.50 per tonne;

Granular BI and BIII: $10.50 per tonne; and

SSM: $8.50 per tonne

The prices given above represent average prices based on contracts constructed over the last three

years and may not necessarily reflect the actual prices paid for these aggregates for the granular

materials for 2014 . As such Tables 6, 7 and Appendix E are shown for demonstration purposes only.

- 18 -


Table 4: Weighted Average Payment Adjustment Factors For Each Granular Aggregate Based on Lot

Quantities Tested in 2014

Sieve (mm) Mean Range Total Mean Range Total Mean Range Total Mean Range Total Mean Range Total Mean Range Total Mean Range Total

150 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00

106.0 0.01 0.01 0.02

37.5 0.00 0.00 0.00

26.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

19.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00

13.2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00

9.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.03 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.46 0.00 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.075 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.44 0.00 1.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.12 0.28 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.02 2.19 0.01 2.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 4: Weighted Average Payment Adjustment Factors For Each Granular Aggregate Based on Lot Quantities Tested by MTO in 2014

Granular O Granular A Granular BI Granular BII Granular BIII Granular M SSM

Table 5: Weighted Average Payment Adjustment Factors For Each Granular Aggregate Based on Total

Quantities Reported in 2014


150 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00

106.0 0.01 0.01 0.02

37.5 0.00 0.00 0.00

26.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

19.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00

13.2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

9.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.02 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.075 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.39 0.00 1.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.08 0.18 0.00 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.02 2.11 0.01 2.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 5: Weighted Average Payment Adjustment Factors For Each Granular Aggregate Based on Total Quantities Placed by MTO in 2014Granular O Granular A Granular BI Granular BII Granular BIII Granular M SSM

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Table 6: Weighted Average Payment Reduction For Each Granular Aggregate Based on Lot Quantities Tested

in 2014 (¢/tonne)


150 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.14 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00

106.0 0.14 0.14 0.29

37.5 0.00 0.00 0.00

26.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

19.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00

13.2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00

9.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.76 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.89 0.41 2.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.87 0.00 4.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.3 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.96 0.00 2.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.075 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.00 0.41 0.03 0.50 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.16 0.00 15.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.60 1.94 4.54 0.03 0.50 0.53 0.14 0.14 0.29 23.02 0.14 23.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 6: Weighted Average Payment Reduction For Each Granular Aggregate Based on Lot Quantities Tested by MTO in 2014 (¢/tonne)Granular O Granular A Granular BI Granular BII Granular BIII Granular M SSM

Table 7: Weighted Average Payment Reduction For Each Granular Aggregate Based on Total Quantities

reported in 2014 (¢/tonne)


150 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.14 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00

106.0 0.13 0.13 0.27

37.5 0.00 0.00 0.00

26.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

19.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00

13.2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00

9.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.48 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.19 0.25 1.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.69 0.00 4.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.3 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.85 0.00 2.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.075 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.00 0.26 0.03 0.45 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.61 0.00 14.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.63 1.22 2.85 0.03 0.45 0.48 0.13 0.13 0.27 22.19 0.14 22.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 7: Weighted Average Payment Reduction For Each Granular Aggregate Based on Total Quantities Placed by MTO in 2014 (¢/tonne)Granular O Granular A Granular BI Granular BII Granular BIII Granular M SSM

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Based on the lots tested, the largest weighted average payment adjustment factor for Granular A was

accrued on the 4.75 mm and 9.5 mm sieves (0.144% and 0.057%/tonne, respectively) while for

Granular BI, all of the adjustment factors were accrued on the 0.075 mm sieve (0.051%/tonne).

Granular BII had all of the adjustment factors accrued on the 106 mm sieve (0.021%/tonne) and a

significant payment adjustment on the 0.075 mm sieve for Granular BIII (1.444%/tonne). There were

no payment adjustments on any of the sieves for Granular O, and SSM.

The overall average number of adjustment points being accrued on granular aggregates that were

tested by MTO represents a total reduced immediate capital expenditure to the ministry of

approximately $111,246 in 2014 (compared with $284,036 in 2013), based on the aggregate prices

assumed in this analyses.

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Figure 8: 2014 Weighted Average Payment Adjustment Factors

- 22 -


- 23 -


5.0 - Summary

Based on the 124 contract QA Granular Summary Sheets received by the Soils and Aggregates

Section for the 2014 construction season, the following may be summarized:

A total of 3.945 million tonnes of granular aggregates were placed by MTO in 2014.

Of the total granular aggregate quantity, the majority was placed in Northeastern Region and

Central Region (34.3 %, and 33.4 %, respectively).

Approximately 95.3 %, or 3.758 million tonnes, of the granular aggregates were derived from

non-renewable natural resources (surface pits or bedrock quarries) while 4.7 % came from

secondary reclaimed sources (RAP and RCM).

Of the 3.758 million tonnes of granular aggregates from natural sources, 78.6 % came from

commercial sources; 11.7 % came from non-commercial sources and 9.7 % from materials

obtained within the highway right-of-way.

Granular A and B (Types I, II, and III) represented 56.2 % and 41.8 %, respectively, of the

total quantity of granular aggregates reported in 2014.

86.0 % of the reclaimed materials used by MTO as granular aggregates were in Central

Region.

Of the 3.945 million tonnes of total granular aggregate quantity, 2.974 million tonnes (75.4

%), represented by 394 lots, were tested for quality assurance purposes.

95.1 % of the total quantity of granular aggregates was accepted at full price; 4.9% was

accepted with an adjusted price.

Payment adjustments were made to 11.8 % of the quality assurance lots for Granular A and

6.1 % of the lots for Granular B (Types I, II, and III).

Granular A payment adjustments were made for both mean (4.75 mm and 75 µm sieves) and

range (all sieves between 19.0 mm and 4.75 mm).

Granular B Type I adjustments were predominantly for range on the 75 µm sieve.

Granular B Type II adjustments (minor) were made for mean and range (106 mm sieve).

Granular B Type III payment adjustments were for made for range on the 1.18 sieve, 300 µm

sieve, and the 75 µm sieve (significant).

There were no payment adjustments for Granular O, Granular M or SSM.

Payment adjustments amounted to approximately $ 111,000 in 2014 for gradation and

percent crushed particles.

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- 25 -


6.0 - Acknowledgements

The Soils and Aggregates Section would like to acknowledge the Soils and Aggregates Quality

Assurance Officers in each of the five Regional Quality Assurance Sections, who assembled and

provided the QA Granular Summary Sheets and most of the other data that was used for these

analyses.

- 26 -


- 27 -


7.0 - References

MTO “Material Specification For Aggregates – Base, Subbase, Select Subgrade, And Backfill

Material”, Ontario Provincial Standard Specification, OPS.PROV, April 2013

- 28 -


- 29 -


Appendix A: Sources of Granular Aggregates Used by Each MTO Region During 2014

Granular A

Source Kilotonnes

Region Provincial

Totals C W E NE NW

Commercial Source 902 292 169 336 50 1748

Non-Commercial Source 1 0 0 62 67 129

Material from Right-of-Way 0 0 0 180 6 187

Total Natural Aggregate 903 292 169 578 123 2064

RAP 18 11 0 14 0 44

RCM 108 0 0 0 0 108

Glass/Ceramics 0 0 0 0 0 0

Other Recycled/Reclaimed Materials 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total Recycled/Reclaimed Materials 126 11 0 14 0 152

Granular BI

Source Kilotonnes

Region Provincial

Totals C W E NE NW





RAP 5 0 0 0 0 5

RCM 30 0 0 0 0 30


Other Recycled/Reclaimed Material 0 0 0 0 0 0


- 30 -


Granular BII

Source Kilotonnes

Region Provincial

Totals C W E NE NW





RAP N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

RCM N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Glass/Ceramics N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Other Recycled/Reclaimed Materials N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Total Recycled/Reclaimed Materials N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Granular BIII

Source Kilotonnes

Region Provincial

Totals C W E NE NW





RAP 0 0 0 0 0 0

RCM 0 0 0 0 0 0


Other Recycled/Reclaimed Materials 0 0 0 0 0 0


- 31 -


Granular O

Source Kilotonnes

Region Provincial

Totals C W E NE NW







Glass/Ceramics N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Other Recycled/Reclaimed Materials N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Total Recycled/Reclaimed Materials N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

SSM

Source Kilotonnes

Region Provincial

Totals C W E NE NW







Glass/Ceramics N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Other Recycled/Reclaimed Materials N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Total Recycled/Reclaimed Materials N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

- 32 -


- 33 -


Appendix B: Quantities of Natural Aggregates by Source Used in Granular Aggregates by Each MTO Region in 2014

- 34 -


- 35 -


- 36 -


- 37 -


Appendix C: Disposition of QA Lots of Granular Aggregates Tested in Each MTO Region in 2014

C.1 - DISPOSITION BASED ON QUANTITIES WITHIN THE LOTS

TESTED

- 38 -


- 39 -


- 40 -


- 41 -


C.2 - DISPOSITION BASED ON NUMBER OF LOTS TESTED

- 42 -


- 43 -


- 44 -


- 45 -


Appendix D: Lot Summary of Granular Aggregates Tested by Each Region in 2014

Granular A

Region C W E NE NW

Provincial

Totals

Lots Tested 61 56 26 84 27 254

Qty Tested (kt) 356 285 147 495 108 1391

Lots Accepted at Full Price 53 50 23 75 23 224

Qty Accepted at Full Price (kt) 315 258 135 461 93 1262

Lots Accepted at Adjusted Price 8 6 3 9 4 30

Qty Accepted at Adjusted Price (kt) 41 27 12 33 15 128

Lots Rejected 0 0 0 0 0 0

Qty Rejected (kt) 0 0 0 0 0 0

Granular BI

Region C W E NE NW

Provincial

Totals

Lots Tested 13 13 1 39 0 66

Qty Tested (kt) 154 220 5 392 0 771







Granular BII

Region C W E NE NW

Provincial

Totals

Lots Tested 5 1 9 20 11 46

Qty Tested (kt) 62 2 125 263 115 567







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Granular BIII

Region C W E NE NW

Provincial

Totals

Lots Tested 0 9 5 0 6 20

Qty Tested (kt) 0 82 80 0 20 183







Granular O

Region C W E NE NW

Provincial

Totals


Qty Tested (kt) 0 0 0 0 2 2







SSM

Region C W E NE NW

Provincial

Totals


Qty Tested (kt) 0 0 0 60 0 60







- 47 -


Appendix E: Summary of Weighted Average Payment Adjustments for Quantities Tested and Quantities Placed in 2014 (¢/tonne)

- 48 -


mto granular aggregates summary 2014soils and aggregates section received completed qa granular...

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