_mtprep1 chemistry

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1– CHEM154 Midterm Preparation

1.1 Format

REMINDER: The midterm will be a closed-book written exam

lasting one hour. The exam will consist of four questions

concerned with the following topics. An additional bonus question

may be answered for additional points; you will not be penalised fo

failing to answer the bonus question.

Calculating the force given a potential

Ground state and ion electron configuration

The Periodic Table

Lewis Structures

Bonus question

1.2 Formula Sheet

• You will be provided with the following periodic table. You must

know the potential energy of the Harmonic Oscillator. No other

formula’s are provided or needed.

1–1



1

1 . 0

0 7 9

H H y d r o g e n

3

6 . 9

4 1

L i

L i t h i u m

1 1

2 2

. 9 9 0

N a

S o d i u m

1 9

3 9

. 0 9 8

K P o t a s s i u m

3 7

8 5

. 4 6 8

R b

R u b i d i u m

5 5

1 3 2

. 9 1

C s

C a e s i u m

8 7

2 2 3

F r

F r a n c i u m

4

9 . 0

1 2 2

B e

B e r y l l i u m

1 2

2 4

. 3 0 5

M g

M a g n e s i u m

2 0

4 0

. 0 7 8

C a

C a l c i u m

3 8

8 7

. 6 2

S r

S t r o n t i u m

5 6

1 3 7

. 3 3

B a

B a r i u m

8 8

2 2 6

R a

R a d i u m

2 1

4 4

. 9 5 6

S c

S c a n d i u m

3 9

8 8

. 9 0 6

Y Y t t r i u m

5 7 - 7 1

L a - L u

L a n t h a n i d e

8 9 - 1 0 3

A c - L r

A c t i n i d e

2 2

4 7 . 8

6 7

T i

T i t a n i u m

4 0

9 1 . 2

2 4

Z r

Z i r c o n i u m

7 2

1 7 8

. 4 9

H f

H a l f n i u m

1 0 4

2

6 1

R R u t h e r f o r d i u

m

2 3

5 0

. 9 4 2

V V a n a d i u m

4 1

9 2

. 9 0 6

N b

N i o b i u m

7 3

1 8 0

. 9 5

T a

T a n t a l u m

1 0 5

2 6 2

D D u b n i u m

2 4

5 1

. 9 9 6

C r

C h r o m i u m

4 2

9 5

. 9 4

M o

M o l y b d e n u m

7 4

1 8 3

. 8 4

W T u n g s t e n

1 0 6

2 6 6

S S e a b o r g i u m

2 5

5 4

. 9 3 8

M n

M a n g a n e s e

4 3

9 6

T c

T e c h n e t i u m

7 5

1 8 6

. 2 1

R e

R h e n i u m

1 0 7

2 6 4

B B o h r i u m

2 6

5 5

. 8 4 5

F e I r o n

4 4

1 0 1

. 0 7

R u R u t h e n i u m

7 6

1 9 0

. 2 3

O s

O s m i u m

1 0 8

2 7 7

H H a s s

i u m

2 7

5 8

. 9 3 3

C o

C o b a l t

4 5

1 0 2

. 9 1

R h

R h o d i u m

7 7

1 9 2

. 2 2

I r I r i d i u m

1 0 9

2 6 8

Mt M e i t n e r i u m

2 8

5 8

. 6 9 3

N i

N i c k e l

4 6

1 0 6

. 4 2

P d

P a l l a d i u m

7 8

1 9 5

. 0 8

P t

P l a t i n u m

1 1 0

2 8 1

D D a r m s t a d t i u m

2 9

6 3

. 5 4 6

C u

C o p p e r

4 7

1 0 7

. 8 7

A g

S i l v e r

7 9

1 9 6

. 9 7

A u

G o l d

1 1 1

2 8 0

R R o e n t g e n i u m

3 0

6 5

. 3 9

Z n

Z i n c

4 8

1 1 2

. 4 1

C d

C

a d m i u m

8 0

2 0 0

. 5 9

H g

M

e r c u r y

1 1 2

2 8 5

U U

n u n b i u m

3 1

6 9

. 7 2 3

G a

G a l l i u m

1 3

2 6

. 9 8 2

A l

A l u m i n i u m

5

1 0

. 8 1 1

B B o r o n

4 9

1 1 4

. 8 2

I n I n d i u m

8 1

2 0 4

. 3 8

T l

T h a l l i u m

1 1 3

2 8 4

U U n u n t r i u m

6

1 2

. 0 1 1

C C a r b o n

1 4

2 8

. 0 8 6

S i

S i l i c o n

3 2

7 2

. 6 4

G e

G e r m a n i u m

5 0

1 1 8

. 7 1

S n

T i n

8 2

2 0 7

. 2

P b

L e a d

1 1 4

2 8 9

U U n u n q u a d i u m

7

1 4

. 0 0 7

N N i t r o g e n

1 5

3 0

. 9 7 4

P

P h o s p h o r u s

3 3

7 4

. 9 2 2

A s

A r s e n i c

5 1

1 2 1

. 7 6

S b

A n t i m o n y

8 3

2 0 8

. 9 8

B i

B i s m u t h

1 1 5

2 8 8

U U n u n p e n t i u m

8

1 5

. 9 9 9

O O x y g e n

1 6

3 2

. 0 6 5

S S u l p h u r

3 4

7 8

. 9 6

S e

S e l e n i u m

5 2

1 2 7

. 6

T e

T e l l u r i u m

8 4

2 0 9

P o

P o l o n i u m

1 1 6

2 9 3

U U n u n h e x i u m

9

1 8

. 9 9 8

F F l u o r i n e

1 7

3 5

. 4 5 3

C l

C h l o r i n e

3 5

7 9

. 9 0 4

B r

B r o m i n e

5 3

1 2 6

. 9

I I o d i n e

8 5

2 1 0

A t

A s t a t i n e

1 1 7

2 9 2

U U n u n s e p t i u m

1 0

2 0

. 1 8 0

N e

N e o n

2

4 . 0

0 2 5

H e

H e l i u m

1 8

3 9

. 9 4 8

A r

A r g o n

3 6

8 3

. 8

K r

K r y p t o n

5 4

1 3 1

. 2 9

X e

X e n o n

8 6

2 2 2

R n

R a d o n

1 1 8

2 9 4

U U n u n o c t i u m

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 I A

2 I I A

3 I I I A

4 I V B

5 V B

6 V I B

7 V I I B

8 V I I I B

9 V I I I B

1 0 V I I I B

1 1 I B

1

2 I I B

1 3 I I I A

1 4 I V A

1 5 V A

1 6 V I A

1 7 V I I A

1 8 V I I I A

5 7

1 3 8

. 9 1

L a

L a n t h a n u m

5 8

1 4 0

. 1 2

C e

C e s i u m

5 9

1 4 0

. 9 1

P r

P r a s e o d y m i u m

6 0

1 4 4

. 2 4

N d

N e o d y m i u m

6 1

1 4 5

P m P r o m e t h i u m

6 2

1 5 0

. 3 6

S m

S a m a r i u m

6 3

1 5 1

. 9 6

E u

E u r o p i u m

6 4

1 5 7

. 2 5

G d

G a d o l i n i u m

6 5

1 5 8

. 9 3

T b

T

e r b i u m

6 6

1 6 2

. 5 0

D y

D y s p r o s i u m

6 7

1 6 4

. 9 3

H o

H o l m i u m

6 8

1 6 7

. 2 6

E r

E r b i u m

6 9

1 6 8

. 9 3

T m

T h u l i u m

7 0

1 7 3

. 0 4

Y b

Y t t e r b i u m

7 1

1 7 4

. 9 7

L u

L u t e t i u m

8 9

2

2 7

A c

A c t i n i u m

9 0

2 3 2

. 0 4

T h

T h o r i u m

9 1

2 3 1

. 0 4

P a

P r o t a c t i n i u m

9 2

2 3 8

. 0 3

U U r a n i u m

9 3

2 3 7

N N e p t u n i u m

9 4

2 4 4

P P l u t o n i u m

9 5

2 4 3

m A m e r i c i u m

9 6

2 4 7

Cm C u r i u m

9 7

2 4 7

B B

e r k e l i u m

9 8

2 5 1

C C a l i f o r n i u m

9 9

2 5 2

E E i n s t e i n i u m

1 0 0

2 5 7

Fm F e r m i u m

1 0 1

2 5 8

Md M e n d e l e v i u m

1 0 2

2 5 9

N N o b e l i u m

1 0 3

2 6 2

L L a w r e n c i u m

A l k a l i M e t a l

A l k a l i n e E a r t h M e t a l

M e t a l

M e t a l l o i d

N o n - m e t a l

H a l o g e n

N o b l e G a s

L a n t h a n i d e / A c t i n i d e

Z

m a s s

S y m b o l

N a m e

ma ma



1.3 Practice Questions

(force)

(a) Calculate the force on a particle at a position in space

r =

x

y

z

. The length of the position vector r is r.

(b) What is the force at r =

1.0

−3.0

5.0

?

Answer the above two questions for the following potential

energy functions:

(a) V ( r; A, B) = Ax4 y2 + Bz6 y8 with A = 4, B = 8

(b) V ( r; C, D, E) = C(E − y)

8

x4

+ ( z − D)2

y6

with C = 2,D = 3, E = 1.5

(c) V (r; C6, C12) = C12

r12 −

C6

r6 with C12 = 1.0 and C6 = 2.0

(d) V (r; , qi, q j) =

q1q j

r with q1q2 = 4.0

(e) For an Harmonic Oscillator centered at the origin with

k = 3.0 and r0 = 2.0.

Ground state and ion electron configuration

(a) Determine the ground state electron configuration of the

following elements

i. P

1–3



ii. Cu

iii. Ti

iv. Ir

v. Ga

vi. Sbvii. Br−

(b) How many unpaired electrons are in the ground state

electron configuration of chromium?

(c) Which of the following species cannot exist?

i. K 2Oii. K 2O2

iii. K 3O

iv. MgO

v. MgO2

(d) In which of the following groups are all the speciesisoelectronic (i.e. have the same number of valence

electrons)?

i. Ca+, Ar , K 2+

ii. N , P, As

iii. Ga, Se

2+

, Asiv. Cl+, Si2−, S

v. S, Ar+, P

(e) An ion with a +3 charge has two electrons with n = 1, eigh

electrons with n = 2, eighteen electrons with n = 3, and

four electrons with n = 4.

1–4



i. Use the proper abbreviation to write the atomic number

and symbol of the element.

ii. Which shell (n = 1, n = 2, n = 3 OR n = 4) contains the

valence electrons?

iii. What is the number of valence electrons in the ion? The Periodic Table

(a) True or False. The atomic number is the same as the

number of neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.

(b) True or False. The atomic radius decreases from left to

right through the period of elements.

(c) True or False. The first ionization energy increases from

right to left through a period of elements.

(d) True or False. The amount of energy released by an atom

upon accepting an electron decreases from left to right

through a period of elements.

(e) True or False. Electronegativity decreases from left to right

through a period of elements.

(f) Arrange the following ions in order of increasing ionization

energy (IE): N , O+, Ne2+, F2+, P−.

(g) Which of the following covalent bonds would you predict to

be the most polar?

i. C-F

ii. C-Cl

iii. F-F

iv. C-O1–5



v. C-N

Draw Lewis structures for the following compounds. Show all

lone pairs of electrons as pairs of dots and all bond pairs as

lines. The central atom is given in each case.

1–6



Compound Lewis Structure

CS2 central

atom: C

HNC central

atom: N

NOCl central

atom: N

CH 2Cl2 cen-

tral atom: C

IBr−2

central

atom: I

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