Muhammad Ammad Ahmad

Delhi Sultanate

•Delhi Sultanate, refers to the various Muslim dynasties that ruled in India (1210–1526). It was founded after Muhammad of Ghor fought Prithvi Raj.

•The Mamluk Dynasty 1206 - 1290•The Khilji Dynasty 1290 - 1320•The Tughlaq Dynasty 1320 - 1414•The Sayyid Dynasty 1414 - 1451•The Lodi Dynasty 1451 - 1526

Cultural Differences Pakistan India Afghanistan Bangladesh

Shalwar Kameez is the cultural

dress of Pakistan.

Pakistani food is dominated by

meat dishes than any other food.

Urdu and English are the national

languages of Pakistan.

Culture is dominated by

Islam and some Indian values are

inherited too.

Sari is the national dress for women and dhoti

kurta for men.

Hindu customs and traditions are followed across

the country.

Food and food choices vary across the

regions, a huge population of Indians are vegetarians.

Hindi and English are the national

languages.

Afghanistan follows strict

Islamic code and can be

considered an extreme Islamic

state.

Women are less active than men in all fields and

are not encouraged to leave the house

much.

Education, especially of

women, is not a priority and is considered a

taboo.

Pashto and Dari are the national

languages.

Bengali is the national language

of Bangladesh.

English is not given the status

of an official language.

Rice and fish are the staple diets of the Bangladeshi

people.

Both saris and shalwar kameez are considered

the national dress of Bangladesh.

Administrative Differences Pakistan India Afghanistan Bangladesh

The country is divided into 4 provinces, 1

territory and 1 capital territory.

The Capital of Pakistan is Islamabad.

The Parliament or the Majlis-e-

Shoora consists of the Senate and

the National Assembly.

The country is divided into 29

states and 7 union territories.

India prides itself as being the

largest federal republic in the

world.

The capital of India is New

Delhi.

The Parliament or Sansad consists of the Council of

States or the Rajya Sabha and

the People’s Assembly or the

Lok Sabha.

The country is divided into 34

provinces.

The capital of the country is Kabul.

The National Assembly consists of the Meshrano

Jirga, or the House of the

Elders and the Wolesi Jirga, or the house of the

people.

Stera Mahkama is the highest

court.

Afghanistan is a Federal Republic.

The country is divided into 7

divisions.

The capital is Dhaka.

Bangladesh is a Parliamentary

Democracy.

The Legislative branch is made up of the Jatiya Sangsad or the

National Parliament.

Society Functions

Pakistan India Bangladesh Afghanistan

Pakistan India Afghanistan Bangladesh

Population:196,174,380

Punjabis make the largest ethnic group in Pakistan of about 44.68% and Punjabi is largest spoken language of the

entire population.

Muslims make up 96.4% of the population.

Being a Muslim country, Islam is

followed thoroughly in the

country.

Holidays are observed in the respect of the Islamic events and festivals.

Population: 1,236,344,631

Indo-Aryans make up 72% of the ethnic groups.

41% of the population speaks Hindi, and 80.5% of the population

is made up by Hindus. Muslims make up 13.4% of

the population.

The caste system still plays role in

the Indian society, mainly in

Hinduism.

Individuals are also ranked

according to their wealth and power, the

wealthier the more the power

and say in politics.

Accords of behavior and

status vary region by region.

Population: 31,822,848

Pashtuns make up about 42% of

the Afghan population.

Marriages are usually arranged

and due to extremist

interpretation of the Islamic law women are not educated much.

Male dominate the society and the household.

Women must maintain their

honor and respect in the

society, once the respect is lost, a woman can face

serious consequences.

Women are also suppose to cover to the maximum.

Population: 166,280,712

Bengalis make the largest ethnic

group and Muslims makeup slightly less than

90% of the population of Bangladesh.

90% of the population of

Bangladesh lives in the rural areas.

Landowners and peasants makeup the largest part

of the population.

Islam being the most followed religion makes the bases of the

life of the Bangladeshis.

Economy Pakistan India Afghanistan Bangladesh

Internal political issues and low

foreign investment have

resulted in a slow growing and an underdeveloped

economy.

Agriculture and textile export are

main players of the Pakistani

economy.

Inflation has led to a major

increase in food prices which is

directly proportional to the increase in

poverty.

The Pakistani rupee has

devalued more than 40% since

2007.

Energy crisis is the major reason

for the low growth of the

economy, it has led to a major

decline in industries and

output.

India is one of the world’s fastest

developing economies with a

population of over a billion

people.

India is developing into an open-market

economy.

Services are the major source of

the economy, making up about two-thirds of the

economy.

Having the second largest

English-speaking population India is progressing rapidly in the technology

sector.

Privatization of state-owned

enterprises have contributed to India’s large

economy.

Afghanistan has faced decades of conflict due to

the Soviet Union, Taliban takeover, and then the War

on Terror.

The economy is improving but is still very slow.

The country is extremely poor,

suffers from shortage of

housing, clean water, electricity, jobs, and medical

care.

The country depends heavily on foreign aid.

GDP – per capita (PPP): $1,100

Hand-woven rugs are the major

export of Afghanistan.

Afghanistan is an agricultural

country famous for its dry fruit

production.

Bangladesh has had a growth rate of about 6% over the years even

due to scare and inefficient resources.

About of half of the population is in agriculture,

the most important

product being rice.

Garment export is the backbone

of the Bangladeshi

industrial sector covering over

80% of the total exports.

Overseas Bangladeshis play

the most important part in

contributing towards the

account surplus and foreign exchange holdings.

Religious Differences Pakistan India Bangladesh Afghanistan

Majority of people in

Pakistan are Muslims.

Pakistan is based on the basis of Islam, and that still happens.

Muslims celebrate a lot of

different and diverse events

from Eid to Easter to 23rd

March.

India is identified as the origin and the birthplace of

Hinduism and Buddhism.

Indians who accepted Buddhist

philosophy spread it not only within the Indian sub-continent but

also other kingdoms east and south of

India.

Today Indian religion is divided in different sects, based on beliefs

and class.

The majority of Bangladeshis are

Muslim.

The major religions in this country include,

Islam and Hindu.

Islam is a part of everyday life in all parts of the country, and nearly every village has at least a small

mosque and an imam .

The majority of Afghans (99%) are Muslims; about 84% of

them are Sunnis, and about 15%

are Shias.

Sunnis and Shias recognize the

authority of the Quran and

respect the five pillars of Islam.

Although, relationship

between these two sects are

tense and distant.

A very small percentage of

people are Hindus, Sikhs,

Jews or of other religions.

Architecture Pakistan India Afghanistan Bangladesh

After the independence of

Pakistan, new architecture was

built. Modern structures

include; Faisal Mosque

Minar-e-Pakistan Mazar-e-Quaid,

The structures were greatly influenced by those who were ruling the country; each ruling party

brought a new design.

The most famous architecture of

India is TajMahal built by a Mughal

Emperor. The structure has touch of multiple

countries including Persian, Ottoman

Turkish, Islamic and Indian architectural

styles.

Ajanta Caves are another example of Indian Architecture, which are 29-rock

cut cave monuments.

Indian architecture has been affected

by numerous invaders who have brought different styles from their mother lands.

The earliest known examples of architectural pursuits in

Bangladesh, lie at Mahasthangarh and reflect the golden

age of ancient architecture.

The architecture of Bangladesh

provides an insight to a wide range of

heritage and history.

Architectural pieces of this time

include; Lalbagh fort

The Parliament Building (Jatiyo

Sangsad)Bangabandhu International

Conference Center

Afghanistan contains

architectural remnants of all ages, including

Greek and Buddhist shrines/reliquaries and monasteries,

arches, monuments, intricate Islamic

minarets (the tall, slender towers on mosques), temples

and forts.

Among the most famous sites are the

great mosques of Herat and Mazar-e Sharif; the 1000-

year-old Great Arch of Qal'eh-ye Bost;.

Trade & Commerce Pakistan India Afghanistan Bangladesh

Exports: $17.87 billion (2009 est.): textiles (garments, bed linen, cotton cloth, yarn), rice,

leather goods, sports goods,

chemicals, manufactures,

carpets and rugs.

Imports: $28.31 billion (2009 est.):

petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics,

transportation equipment, edible

oils, paper and paperboard, iron and steel, tea.

Major trading partners: U.S.,

UAE, UK, Germany, Hong Kong, Saudi

Arabia, China, Japan, Kuwait

(2004).

For decades after the independence in

1947, India embarked on a

program of national economic self-

sufficiency and this program included

import substitution policies.

By 1991, the sluggish economy combined with the

forces of globalization led to

a more open economy.

The value of trade between the EU and

India grew from €28.6 billion in 2003, to €72.7 billion in 2013.

Exports: $23.86 billion (2011 est.): garments, jute and jute goods, leather,

frozen fish and seafood (2001).

Imports: $31.75 billion (2011 est.):

machinery and equipment,

chemicals, iron and steel, textiles,

foodstuffs, petroleum products,

cement (2000).

Major trading partners: U.S., Germany, UK,

France, Italy, India, China, Singapore,

Kuwait, Japan, Hong Kong (2004).

Exports: $376 million; not

including prohibited exports or re-

exports (2012): opium, fruits and nuts, hand-woven

carpets, wool, cotton, precious

and semiprecious gems.

Imports: $6.39 billion (2012):

capital goods, food, textiles, petroleum

products.

Major trading partners: Pakistan,

India, U.S., Germany, Russia, China, Tajikistan.

Work Cited • "Afghanistan - Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette." The Translation Agency For A Complete

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 • "Countries and Their Cultures." Countries and Their Cultures. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014.

<http://www.everyculture.com/>.

• Gankovsky, Yuri V. "The Social Structure of Society in the People's Republic of Bangladesh." Http://www.jstor.org/. Http://www.jstor.org/, n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. <http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fdiscover%2F10.2307%2F2643011%3Fuid%3D3738832%26uid%3D2%26uid%3D4%26sid%3D21104626027137>.

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"Society and Norms – Gender Roles: Women." Society and Norms – Gender Roles: Women. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. <http://uwf.edu/atcdev/afghanistan/Society/Lesson3GenderRoles2Women.html>.

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Works Cited• "The World Factbook." Https://www.cia.gov. Https://www.cia.gov, n.d. Web. 6 May

2014. <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html>.

• Zimmermann, Kim Ann. "Indian Culture: Traditions and Customs of India."LiveScience. TechMedia Network, 10 Apr. 2013. Web. 13 Sept. 2014. <http://www.livescience.com/28634-indian-culture.html>.

• Delhi Sultanate | Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/delhi-sultanate.html#ixzz3DMT9lrHm

• http://www.chiefacoins.com/Database/Countries/Sultanate_of_Delhi.htm • http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/india/• http://india.gov.in/topics/governance-administration• http://india.gov.in/topics/governance-administration/parliament• http://india.gov.in/topics/governance-administration/local-administration• http://www.indexmundi.com/pakistan/demographics_profile.html• http://www.infoplease.com/country/afghanistan.html• http://www.indexmundi.com/afghanistan/demographics_profile.html