muhammad atif khan 3rd edition

8/14/2019 Muhammad Atif Khan 3rd Edition

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MUHAMMAD ATIF KHANMUHAMMAD ATIF KHAN

4TH YEAR BPT

COLLEGE OF PHYSICAL THERAPYZIAUDDIN UNIVERSITY

TOPIC : ANATOMY OF KNEE JOINT



CONTENTSCONTENTS

• BONES AND JOINTS• CAPSULE

• BURSA

• LIGAMENTS

• MENISCI

• MOVEMENT

• BLOOD SUPPLY

• NERVE SUPPLY



BONES AND JOINTSBONES AND JOINTS

• The knee joint is a synovial joint

• Uniaxial modified hinge joint.

• The knee is the meeting place of twoimportant bones in the leg, the femur (thethighbone) and the tibia (the shin bone).

• The patella (or kneecap) is a sesamoid boneand sits in front of the knee (intercondylargroove).



CAPSULE

•The joint capsule is a thick ligamentousstructure that surrounds the entire knee.

• Inside this capsule is a specialized membraneknown as the synovial membrane whichprovides nourishment to all the surroundingstructures.

•The capsule itself is strengthened by thesurrounding ligaments.



BURSA

• A bursa is a fluid-filled sac that helps cushionthe muscles, tendons, and bones in a joint.

•Numerous bursae surround the knee joint.



LIGAMENTLIGAMENT

•Ligaments are tough bands of tissue thatconnect the ends of bones together .

•The stability of the knee owes greatly to thepresence of its ligaments.

•Each has a particular function in helping tomaintain optimal knee stability in a variety of different positions.

http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/cybertherapist/medialligament.htm

http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/cybertherapist/medialligament.htm



Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) -This band runsbetween the medial femoral condyle and the medial

tibial condyle. It resists forces acting from the outersurface of the knee- valgus forces.

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) - This ligament

travels from the lateral femoral condyle to the headof the fibula. It resists impacts from the inner surfaceof the knee- varus forces.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprapatellar_bursa


http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/cybertherapist/quadricepstendonrupture.php






Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) The ACLis one of the most important structures in the kneebecause they form a cross in the middle of the

knee joint.

The ACL, travels from anterior intercondylar area of tibia to medial surface of lateral femoral condyleand prevents the tibia moving forward. It is most

commonly injured in twisting movements.

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

This ligament travels from the posteriorintercondylar area of tibia to the anterior surfaceof the medial femoral condyle and in doing sowraps around the ACL.

http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/cybertherapist/posteriorcruciate.htm

http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/cybertherapist/medialmeniscus.htm

http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/cybertherapist/medialmeniscus.htm

http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/cybertherapist/posteriorcruciate.htm



•Each knee joint has two crescent-shapedfibrocartilage menisci. These lie on the medial

(inner) and lateral (outer) edges of the uppersurface of the tibia.

•They are essential components, acting as shockabsorbers for the knee as well as allowing forcorrect weight distribution between the tibia andthe femur.



Movements

Flexion

•Semimembranosus

•Semitendinosus

•Biceps Femoris

•Sartorius

•Gracilis



Extension

• Vastus medialis

• Vastus lateralis

• Vastus intermedius

• Rectus femoris



Rotation

Internal rotation

• Biceps Femoris

External rotation

• Gracilis• Semitendinosus



Blood supply

The femoral artery and the popliteal arteryhelp form the arterial network surroundingthe knee joint (articular rete). There are 5main branches:

• Superior medial genicular artery

• Superior lateral genicular artery

• Inferior medial genicular artery

• Inferior lateral genicular artery

• Descending genicular artery



Nerve supply

•Femoral nerve

• Sciatic nerve

•Obturator nerve



REFERENCES

Haman Anatomy B D Chaurasia’s

( 4th edition)

Anatomy Keith L. Moore

(4th edition)

muhammad atif khan 3rd edition

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