muhammad farouk bin harman uk20532

8/3/2019 Muhammad Farouk Bin Harman Uk20532

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Name : Muhammad Farouk bin Harman

Matric No. : UK20532

S.M.S.G. (Fishery)Supervisor : Dr Ikhwanuddin


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Fertilization procedure.

Sperms are directly placed into the reproductive tract of

a female by using means other than sexual

intercourse or natural insemination(Batul 2011)


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4

Mud spiny lobster, Panulirus polyphagus

Belongs to Family PalinuroidaeLive on muddy substrates and sometimes on

rocky bottoms.

Depth range from 3 to 90 meter, usually far

less than 40 m.

(Herbst, 1793)

Panulirus

polyphagus

Collected widely by human

High commercial value.

Big deacreased in landings.1103tonnes in 2000 and 274tonnes in 2009

(FAO 2000-2009)

Farmers taking wild seedsPreventing recruitment for juveniles of

P.polyphagus .


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The female can be distinguish from the male byits swimming legs where it is bigger and have

double pereiopods for holding the fertilized eggs.

Double pereiopods

Figure 1a: Female mud spiny lobster


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The male can be distinguish from the female by

its swimming legs where it is smaller and havesingle pereipod.

Single pereiopod

Figure 1b: Male mud spiny lobster.


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Lobsters are invertebrates, which belong to the Crustacean

class of the Phylum Arthropoda.(Velantino, 2010)

In many parts of the world, lobsters support commercially

valuable fisheries, in regions the most economically importantone.(FAO, 2004)


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1103

1612

2059

1700

1143

247

433

200255 274

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Total Landing of Mud Spiny Lobster Through 2000-2009 in Malaysia

Total Landings Each Year

Year

Landing(Tonnes)


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The lobster has always been a favorite of the general public

and in early 1970s this popularity was utilized to promote theidea of the lobster aquaculture. (Aiken and Waddy, 1995)

The culture of spiny lobsters in Malaysia is still in its infancy,

with activities based in the State of Sabah. (Tuan and Mao, 2004)


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At present, lobster seed is sourced from the wild.(Tuan and Mao, 2004)

Pueruli (juveniles ofPanulirus polyphagus) are not yet

commercially from hatcheries and so must come from the

wild. (Booth and Phillips, 1994)

Spiny lobster has a complex larval development, with manydevelopmental stages making it extremely difficult to raise

seeds for aquaculture in a hatchery.(Booth and Phillips, 1994)


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1) The seed production technology of lobsters, Panulirus

polyphagus has not yet been develop.

A hatchery production of spiny lobster seed is not yet

developed. Even if successful, seed production will be veryPitcher, 1993) difficult technically and prolonged, making

it high risk.(Adams and Dalzell, 1993; Linton, 1998; Munro, 2000;).


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2) Difficulty for getting the mature male of mud spiny

lobster, Panulirus polyphagus.

Size at onset of maturity is more difficult to assess in male

than in female lobsters. Male physiological maturity has

been determined by the presence of mature spermatozoa in

vasa deferentia of several spiny lobsters.(Heydorn, 1969a; Berry, 1970; MacDiarmid, 1989a; Turner et al., 2002)


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Artificial insemination could improve the efficiency of

fertilization rate and thus predictability of seed production.(Bart et al., 2006)

Artificial insemination remains as one of the most important

assisted reproductive technologies. (Vishwanath, 2003)

The remarkable progress made in other assisted reproductive

technologies does have the potential to rapidly generateoffspring.(Vishwanath, 2003)


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There are no availability of a perfected hatchery technologyand limited availability of juveniles and subadults from the

wild. (Radhakrishnan, 1996)


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To develop artificial insemination technique through

induced molting on mud spiny lobster Panulirus

polyphagus.

To determine the success of fecundity and hatching rate

using artificial insemination technique on mud spiny

lobster, Panulirus polyphagus.


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The study will be carry out at the Marine Hatchery of the Universiti

Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) and scheduled to be conducted from

January 2012 until April 2012.

3,000 Liter capacity tank is prepared for 5 female, 5 male and apair of female and male as a control.

Forceps for taking out the spermatophore from male and inserting it

into the soft thelycum of female.


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Sampling and rearing the mud spiny lobster,

Panulirus polyphagus

Induced molting

Artificial insemination technique

Extracting spermatophore

Data analysis

Figure 3: Steps in the experiment.


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METHODOLOGYExperimental design

The species in this study is mud spiny lobster, Panulirus polyphagus.

For the control, a pair of female and male of mud spiny lobsters,Panulirus polyphagus will be rear as pairs (1 male and 1 female) in atank filled with 80% filtered seawater maintained with constantgentle aeration.

For the project purposes, one tank will be rear with 5 female and onetank will be rear with 5 male.

Female tank salinity will be manipulated in order to induced the

molting of the female mud spiny lobster.

The mud spiny lobsters will be fed on squid flesh.

12


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12 spawners

Molted spawners

(10 spawaners)

Natural spawners(2 spawners)

Induced Molting

(10 spawners)

Fecundity calculation

Success of hatching

(survival rate)

Compare of fecundity and hatching rate from one artificial

insemination female and one control female(natural spawner).

Figure 4: Experimental Design

Artificial Insemination


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Salinity manipulating technique

Salinity of 2ppt will be decrease from 30 ppt each day until

24 ppt and increase 2ppt until 30 ppt.(repeated until molt)

Female that ready to molt will be seperate from the others.

Once the female molt, it is prepared for artificial insemination

technique.

Induced Molting


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Spermatophore from the mature male

lobster are taken between the 4th and 5th

walking legs using a forcep.

The spermatophore will be insert into the soft thelycum offemale that recently went through moulting.

Artificial Insemination Steps


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Temperature of 24C-26

C.

Salinity of 24-30ppt.

Ammonia level: 5 ppm

pH : 6.5-8.5

YSI meter model 85.

Ammonia test will be run at water quality lab.


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1)Fecundity = no. of eggs/female

= no. of larvae hatched + no. of none hatched eggs

2) Hatching Rate = Number of hatched larvae X 100

Fecundity

These data will then be process using the Excel and SPSS software using the

One-way ANOVA test.


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Artificial insemination become valuable in aquaculture

industry of mud spiny lobster.

Increase the hatching and survival rate of the larvae.


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Year 2011 2012

Activities September October November December January February March April MayPreparation, proposal writing

and presentation.

Sampling and rearing the

mud spiny lobster, Panulirus

polyphagus

Induced molting.

Artificial insemination

technique

Statistical analysis Excel &

SPSS.

Thesis writing, final

presentation and submission.


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Booth, J. D. and Phillips, B. F. 1994. "Early Life History of Spiny Lobster."Crustaceana 66(3): 271-294.

Tuan, L.A. and Mao, N.D., 2004. Present status of lobster cage culture in Vietnam.Proceeding of the ACIAR lobster ecology workshop, p24-30. Institute ofOceanography, Nha Trang, Vietnam.

Vishwanath, R. 2003. Artificial insemination: the state of the art. Theriogenology 59,571-584.

Radhakrishnan, E. V. 1996. Lobster farming in India. 48 : 96 98.Batul N.B. Artificial insemination

(http://www.buzzle.com/articles/how-is-artificial-insemination-done.html)

[Access on 17/11/2011]

Velantino, S. 2010. Lobster biology.(http://ezinearticles.com/?Lobster-Biology&id=408797) [Access on 16/11/2011]

Balss, H. 1914. Marine lobsters Of The World(http://species-

identification.org/species.php?species_group=lobsters&menuentry=soorten&id=162&tab=refs) [Access on 17/11/2011]


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5155 mm Carapace Length for males.

5160 mm Carapace Length for females.

(Kizhakudan and Patel)


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Area of spermatophore will

be taken.


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Adult

Early

phyllosoma

Latephyllosoma

Puerulus

Juvenile


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Eggs and fertilized eggs is left with its motheruntil hatching.


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Booth, J. D. and Phillips, B. F. 1994. "Early Life History of Spiny Lobster." Crustaceana 66(3):

271-294.

Synthesize current information on the lobster early life history

Discovery of the habitat young juveniles lead to examination of relationship peruli abundance

at sea, level of settlement, abundance of juveniles and recruitment.

Tuan, L.A. and Mao, N.D., 2004. Present status of lobster cage culture in Vietnam. Proceeding of

the ACIAR lobster ecology workshop, p24-30. Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang,

Vietnam.

Reviews current status of lobster cage culture, identify major technical and sosio-economicconstraint to further development.

Vishwanath, R. 2003. Artificial insemination: the state of the art. Theriogenology 59, 571-584.

Radhakrishnan, E. V. 1996. Lobster farming in India. 48 : 96 98.

The potential for increasing the yield from the wild fisheries is limited, as the stock is

subjected to extreme fishing pressure and is nearing their long term equilibrium yield. Hence,

the most imaginative management strategy seems to be increasing the production through

population enhancement and aquaculture


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Batul N.B. Artificial insemination(http://www.buzzle.com/articles/how-is-artificial-insemination-done.html)

Explaining on Artificial Insemination

[Access on 17/11/2011]

Velantino, S. 2010. Lobster biology.() [Access on 16/11/2011]

http://ezinearticles.com/?Lobster-Biology&id=408797Explain on lobster morphology

Balss, H. 1914. Marine lobsters Of The World (http://species-

identification.org/species.php?species_group=lobsters&menuentry=soorten&id=162&tab=refs)

[Access on 17/11/2011]

Describe on general things on Panulirus polyphagus


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Booth, J. D. and Phillips, B. F. 1994. "Early Life History of Spiny Lobster."Crustaceana 66(3): 271-294.

FAO, 2004. Fishery statistics. Capture production 2002. FAO Yearbook. 94/1.FAO, Rome.

Aiken, D. E and Waddy, S. L. 1995. Chapter 8 : Aquaculture. Journal ofBiology.153-175

Pratoomchat, B. , Piyatiratitivorakul, S. and Menasveta, P. 1993. Spermquality of pond reared and wild-caught Penaeus monodon in Thailand.Journal of the World Mariculture Society 24: 530-540.

Velantino, S. 2010. Lobster biology.(http://ezinearticles.com/?Lobster-Biology&id=408797) [Access on 16/11/2011]

Balss, H. 1914. Marine lobsters Of The World(http://species-identification.org/species.php?species_group=lobsters&menuentry=soorten&id=162&tab=refs) [Access on 17/11/2011]


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Tuan, L.A. and Mao, N.D., 2004. Present status of lobster cage culture in Vietnam.Proceeding of the ACIAR lobster ecology workshop, p24-30. Institute ofOceanography, Nha Trang, Vietnam.

Petersen, E. H. and Phuong, T. H. 2010. "Tropical spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus)

farming in Vietnam

bioeconomics and perceived constraints to development."Aquaculture Research

Adams, T. and Dalzell, P. 1993. Pacific Island lobster fisheries: Bonanza orbankruptcy? Fisheries Newsletter #67, South Pacific Commission, New Caledonia.9.

Vishwanath, R. 2003. Artificial insemination: the state of the art. Theriogenology 59,

571-584.Gwo, J.C. 2000. Cryopreservation of aquatic invertebrate semen: a review.

Aquaculture Research, 31, 259-271

Radhakrishnan, E. V. 1996. Lobster farming in India. 48 : 96 98.

Bart, A. N., Choosuk, S. and Thakur, D. P. 2006. Spermatophore cryopreservation andartificial insemination of black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fibricius).

Aquaculture Research, 37,523-528.Batul N.B. Artificial insemination

(http://www.buzzle.com/articles/how-is-artificial-insemination-done.html) [Accesson 17/11/2011]

muhammad farouk bin harman uk20532

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