MUL 2720 - Terminology Quiz

• 31 January 14 (Friday, one week from today) – in-class

• Basic materials of music (pre-textbook)• See Review Sheet on course web site for

specific terms to be defined on test• Also see Review Sheet for Chapter 1 • Open-ended questions (no matching or T/F)• 10% of Course Grade• Pencil (NO PEN)

Chapter 1

“Studying Musics of the World’s Cultures”

[note the plural]

2 Operas from late 18th Century Vienna

• W.A. Mozart, Le nozze di Figaro(Vienna, 1786, Burgtheater)- The Marriage of Figaro pt1 - English subs – YouTube (Act I begins 5:17)- Le nozze di Figaro COMPLETE 3 hours / The Marriage of Figaro / The Day of Madness - KV 492 Mozart - YouTube (Act I begins 4:57)

• W.A. Mozart, Die Zauberflöte(Vienna, 1791, Theater auf der Wieden)- Die Zauberflöte (Opéra National de Paris - 2001) Part 1 of 7 – YouTube (Act I begins 9:24)- Die Zauberflöte – YouTube (Act I begins 7:45)

Differences?

• Story/Plot?- Realistic or Fantastic?- How much action?

• Singing styles?- tuneful or not?- all sung or speaking?

• Language?

• Audience(s)? (in Vienna in 1790s? Today?)

Sound

Concept Behavior

Alan P. Merriam’s“Three-Part Model”

“Universals” in Music

• Who Makes Music? (and How?)

• Everyone in the World makes music(or at least something that sounds like music)

• Vocal music is universal(not everyone has instruments)

• All people have the ability to recognize, react to, and make music (to some degree)

Music is an exceptional activity

• Music and music-making transform the human condition

• Music has a beginning and an end- it must be made; it does not just “happen”

• Music is almost always used in religion, ritual, conjuring, healing, calling god, etc. (which suggests the belief in its exceptional powers)

Differences in Musics?

• Are humans identical?- All part of the same species- But what about languages?

• Factors that affect music- Belief systems- Structure and organization of society- Resources- Outside factors

Absolutes among World Musics

• Music is NOT genetic- It is a learned behavior. Therefore…

• Each musical system is independent of others

• Music is NOT hierarchical- no music is automatically superior to others, just different

• Music is NOT evolutionary- music is not moving toward a single “superior” system

• Change is a neutral value

Ethnomusicology

• Musicology

- “ology” = “science or study of…”

- treats the musical object with no context

- Eurocentric scholarly discipline – 19th C

• Ethnomusicology

- “Ethno” = “race, people, or culture”

- the study of music in its cultural context

- term coined c. 1945-50

Assignments

• Look at CIA Factbook (on web site)- general information about India- Know at least 1-2 unique facts

• Start reading Chapter 2 on Music of India