multi-gas sensors for enhanced reliability of sofc operation · 20th annual sofc project review...

Public Copyright © 2019 General Electric Company - All rights reserved R.A. Potyrailo 2019 1

Multi-Gas Sensors for Enhanced Reliability of SOFC Operation

DOE/NETL Cooperative Agreement: DE-FE0031653

20th Annual SOFC Project Review Meeting, April 29 - May 01, 2019, Crystal City, Virginia, USA

GE: Radislav Potyrailo, Joleyn Brewer, Richard St-pierre, Brian Scherer,

Majid Nayeri, Chris Collazo-Davila, Andrew Shapiro

SUNY Polytechnic Institute: Michael Carpenter, Nora Houlihan,

Vitor Vulcano Rossi, Laila Banu

NETL Program namager: Venkat K. Venkataraman


Project goal and objectives

Goal:

to build gas sensors for in situ monitoring of H2 and CO gases of SOFC systems

Objectives:

to achieve multi-gas monitoring capability with a single multivariable sensor and

to achieve its long-term sensor performance

Real-time knowledge of H2/CO ratio of anode tail gases:

will allow control of efficiency of reforming process in the SOFC system and

will deliver a lower operating cost for SOFC customers

Field Test Correlation

Benchmark instrument

Ne

w g

as s

enso

r

Multivariable Gas Sensor

Mu

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ate

re

sp

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#1

Gas 1

Gas 2

Gas 3

Project Team


Status quo of conventional gas sensors

https://www.treehugger.com/clean-

technology/air-quality-sensor-makes-a-

fashion-statement.html

https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/03/plume-

labs-flow-is-an-air-quality-tracker-to-avoid-

pollution/

https://plumelabs.com/en/

2009 20182016 2019

https://www.itri.org.tw/eng/

For the gas sensors revolution to take off, accuracy must improve

Gas 1

Univ

ariate

response

Gas 2

Gas 3

• Mature technologies

• Widely available

• Interchangeable

• Inexpensive

pre-sensor.com

alphasense.com

hub360.com.ng

engineersgarage.com

cooking-hacks.com

amphenol-sensors.com

aeppacific.co.nz

mipex-tech.com


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Non-dispersive IRG

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Gas 1

Univ

ariate

response

Gas 2

Gas 3

Potyrailo, Chem. Rev. 2016Potyrailo, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2017

Gas cross-sensitivity of conventional gas sensors

For the gas sensors revolution to take off, accuracy must improve


Mature gas-detection analytical technologies: accurate, multi-gas

Complex Chemical

mix

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se #

1

Gas 1

Gas 2

Gas 3

afcintl.com alliedscientificpro.comCooks, Purdue U.

Mass spectrometry

Gaschromatography

Laser spectroscopy

Field deployments

in SOFC systems

Multi-detector system

emersonprocess.com

Mature analytical technologies:Significant technology accumulation is needed for their unobtrusive deployments

wikipedia.org


Bio-inspired multivariable photonic sensors:sensors with several outputs for accurate detection of diverse gases

Mu

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Gas 1

Gas 2

Gas 3

Performance need:Multi-gas

discrimination

Our approach:Multivariable gas sensors

Our technical approach for multi-gas detection

Potyrailo et al. Nature Photonics 2007Potyrailo et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2013Potyrailo et al. Nature Communications 2015Potyrailo, Carpenter, et al., J. Opt., 2018

250 nm

Solving existing need for real-time monitoring of H2 and CO gases

with unobtrusive, cost-effective solution

Design rules for multi-gas control• Spatial orientation of surface functionalization

• Chemistry of surface functionalization

• Extinction and scattering of nanostructure

DR

efle

cta

nce

300 650Wavelength (nm)

Differential reflectance

ΔR(λ) =100% R(λ)/R0(λ)

R(λ) = sensor with analyte

R0(λ) = sensor with blank

blank

bottom

middle

top


Advancing design rules of nanostructures for high temperature gas-sensing applications

Selectivity control for vapors at room temp.

Selectivity control for gases at high temp.

Interference rejection control

•Polymeric nanostructure

•Absorption and adsorption of vapors

•Multi-material inorganic •nanostructure

•Catalytic reactions of gases

•Inorganic nanostructure

•Catalytic reactions of gases

Potyrailo et al. Nature Photonics 2007 Potyrailo Chem. Soc. Rev. 2017 Potyrailo, Carpenter, et al., J. Opt. 2018


Technical tasks of the project

Fabrication of optical transducer

Task 1 Task 2

Multiv

aria

te r

esponse #

1

H2

Interferences

Laboratory validation

CO

Task 3

Gas

Fiber optic readout

Sensor element

Flow cell

Fieldvalidation

Benchmark system


Example of sensor operation:

Discrimination between hydrogen and water vapor

Resolution between individual concentrations of H2 and H2O

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

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PC

2

0 100

2

2

3

3

7

7

6

6

5

5

0

0

4

4

1

1

Blank

Water vapor

Hydrogen

4

5

6

7

01

2

3

Distance between groups (relative units)

Principal components analysis Hierarchical cluster analysis


Example of sensor operation:

Discrimination between hydrogen and carbon monoxide

Resolution between individual concentrations of H2 and CO

0 100Distance between groups (relative units)-20

2

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

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PC1

PC

3

Blank

Carbon monoxide

Hydrogen

Principal components analysis Hierarchical cluster analysis

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nk


Enclosure with the

benchmark gas

detector system

Gas cell with

photonic

sensor chip

Setup at GE Fuel Cells factoryfor field validation of the bio-inspired multivariable photonic sensor

Example of two SOFCs Benchmark and sensor systems


Acknowledgements

US Department of Energy Cooperative Agreement DE-FE0031653

This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FE0031653. This presentation was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an

agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes

any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe

privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constituted or

imply its endorsement , recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state

or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

Radislav Potyrailo email: [email protected]

multi-gas sensors for enhanced reliability of sofc operation · 20th annual sofc project review...

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