Multi-Standard / Multi-Band Receivers for Wireless Applications

Prepared by: Eng. Hossam Elsayed A. Fadeel

Under Supervision :Dr. Mohammed Elnozahi

Ain-Shams University - 2011

Outlines

Motivation Wireless Communications — an Overview Multi-Oriented wireless applications Why Multi-Standard Receivers? Multi-standard challenges and solutions Software Defined Radio Technology

Challenges What is Next? References

Modern technologies are putting people together in a small world where everyone can easily find a way to stay connected with each other.

Motivation

In the last three decades, the evolution of telecommunication technologies has been going through three different generations of mobile networking, and a fourth generation is forthcoming. At the same time, the new Internet-based wireless technologies, such as Wi-Fi and WiMAX, are increasingly seen deployed in our everyday life.

Concerned scholars and development groups are showing their attraction to these communication advances by enhancing the multi-standard terminals that simultaneously support voice calls, positioning and navigation activities, high quality video and audio streaming, and large size data transmission.

Motivation

Reconfigurable devices for combined signal paths are technology enablers for Multi band, Multi mode, Software Radio and Multi standard Radios.

Features for future multi-radio devices: Cellular: GSM/WCDMA/… Wireless broadband: WLAN 802.11a/b/g/n/… Short range connectivity: BT & UWB Positioning: GPS/Galileo Broadcast/TV: DVB-H

Design considerations: Architecture and system partitioning Power management IP blocks and interfaces

6

Motivation

WCDMA/GSM

BT/WLAN

UWB

WCDMA diversity

WLAN diversity

DVB-H

GPS/GALILEO

Wireless Communications—an Overview

Wireless Evolution

1973Analog voice

2009Voice + 3.6 Mbps data + GPS+ Full Internet browsing+ Multimedia messaging+ Multimedia entertainment+ …………..

Wireless Technology Overview

Cellular Wireless System Evolution

24 Jun., '09

Generation

Comments Systems

1G •Analog speech communications•FDMA

AMPS

2G •Digital modulation of speech communications•Advanced security and roaming•TDMA/narrowband CDMA

GSMIS-95PDC

3G •International Mobile Telecommunications(IMT)-2000 introduced 3G global standard.•Global harmonization/roaming and widebandCDMA

UMTS/WCDMACDMA2000TD-SCDMA

4G •Systems beyond IMT-2000 (IMT-Advanced) tointroduce evolutionary path beyond 3G.•Mobile class targets 100 Mbps and nomadic/local area class targets 1 Gbps.

3GPP LTE3GPP2 UMBWiMAX

Mark: From 1- low/worse to 5- high/best

RATs / Standards Features / Performances

Main Legacy Radio Access Technologies

The up-to-date overview of radio access technologies in the mobility / data rate plane is presented in Figure below.

Ref: WiSOA “Data Rates for Wireless Technologies” - http://www.wisoa.net/site/

Multi – Function Multi – Carrier Multi – Band Multi – Standard Multi – Mode

Multi-Oriented wireless applications

These include a large range of modes for cellular (2G–2.5G–3G and further), WLAN (802.11a/b/g/n), WPAN (Bluetooth, Zigbee, etc.), broadcasting (DAB, DVB, DMB, etc.), and positioning (GPS, Galileo) functionalities.

Multi – Function

Multi-function devices can be characterized by an execution of many functions on a single platform. Such a terminal operates with voice, data, and multimedia applications in the same time.

Multi – Carrier

Multi-carrier based systems are able to provide an independent transmission or reception for many channels simultaneously.

Multi – Band

Multi-band devices have been supported since digital transmission standards appeared in different countries. Each country can allocate some particular dedicated frequency band in its frequency range. Thus, for example GSM can work at 900 and 1800 MHz, UMTS can be compatible with most of the existed frequency bands

Multi-band, single standard:- 1.8/2.1/2.6 GHz: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) R99.- 2.5/3.5 GHz: WiMAX according to the IEEE 802.16e standard.

Multi – Standard

Multi-standard oriented systems operate with a set of integrated technologies. They can be performed in different hardware units and connected by buses.

For example, recent mobile devices that include cellular standards such GSM or UMTS , and at the same time a user can activate Bluetooth to lunch WPAN, or start satellite navigation system (global position system GPS).

Also many terminals are able to support the Wi-Fi technology from the IEEE 802.11 standards family.

Multi-standard / Multi-band

• Multi-band, single standard:- 1.8/2.1/2.6 GHz: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) R99.- 2.5/3.5 GHz: WiMAX according to the IEEE 802.16e standard.• Multi-standard within one frequency band:- 2.1 GHz: UMTS R99, High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), HSDPA enhancements, High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) and the introduction of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) in Third Generation (3G) systems.• Multi-band, multi-standard:- 1.8/2.1/2.6 GHz: UMTS R99, HSDPA evolution, 3G OFDM.- 1.8/2.1/2.6 GHz / 3.5 GHz: UMTS R99, HSDPA evolution, 3G OFDM, WiMAX.

Multi – Mode

Multi-mode unit is n accumulation of different standards that operate in many frequency bands it can deliver and to be reconfigured into every imaginable operating mode, in order to comply with the requirements of all existing and even upcoming communication standards.

Therefore, the multi-mode terminal is the multiband and multi-standard device.

Why Multi-Standard Transceivers?

Why Multi-Standard Transceivers* ?

Different wireless scenarios and the connectivity options they provide.

* Ref 2

Why Multi-Standard Receivers* ?

Scenario: Coexistence of different wireless systems of

different generations. User point of view:

Need of portable terminals able to use different wireless standards without the user having to bother: Finding the available services Carrying different kinds of terminals

* Ref 2

Why Multi-Standard Receivers* ?

Engineering point of view: Programmable hardware that reuses blocks

in order to save area and power ⇒ Multi-standard capability and portability.

Why is it challenging? Because all these standards have been

conceived independently ⇒ The hardware architectures that suit them best are very different.

* Ref 2

Trend

The Rx Budget Problem:

Classical (single-standard) Rx budget problem:

How to distribute the requirements among the different blocks

of the Rx so that standard specs are met?

How to deal with the parameter interdependencies?

What Rx architecture suits best the target cost functions? Complicated by the Multi-standard case:

What blocks should be programmable and what blocks should be duplicated?

Is there any standard that should have an independent signal path?

Trend

One of the most critical challenges to overcome in the design of multi-standard terminals for mobile and personal communication systems is to find the maximum number of commonalties amongst the different wireless standards of interest to allow the highest possible degree of integration, under the constraints of low voltage and low power consumption.

The starting point in the design process of multi-standard terminals is to set up a common system architecture capable of implementing various standards and supporting higher levels of system integration of both the radio and the digital baseband parts.

Multi-standard challenges and solutions

Multi-standard challenges and solutions

Multi-Standard Re-configuration Architectures: One bit re-configuration Software Defined Radio Re-configuration by

parameterization

Even in the single standard case, the level of complexity of a wireless communications receiver is enormous.

Multi-standard challenges and solutions

The software defined radio The vision is to have a generic hardware which

can be programmed to any radio standard. Programmable baseband

Single hardware gives very large cost reductions.Single radio in multistandard terminals:GSM+3G+DECT/WLAN (UMA) for cell,WLAN+WiMAX+EDGE+3G for laptop,DVB-T+DVB-H+DAB for entertainment terminals

Multi-standard challenges and solutions

Radio challenges ADC perspective RF filter and LNA

Not M

y Ta

rget

Software Defined Radio Technology Challenges

Software Defined Radio Technology Challenges

Software Defined Radio Technology Challenges

Multi-standard challenges and solutions

Software Defined Radio Technology Challenges

The SDR forum defines SDR as a “radio in which some or all of the physical layer functions are software defined . ”

According to the SDR Forum, the software radio development has five levels: Zero level First level Second level Third level Fourth level

SDR Functionality Features

Reconfigurability Interoperability Flexibility Modularity Upgradeability

SDR Functionality Features SDR nature allows to the MT not only reuse the

recourses of system but also update them by means of downloading a new version. This feature requires to have the libraries to store different updates.

Software Defined Radio Technology Challenges

The general block scheme of data processing based on SDR technology is depicted in Figure below

RF section is essentially analog hardwareIF and BB are digital

Software Defined Radio Technology Challenges

Nowadays the terminal structure for the PHY layer is based on digital signal processors (DSP) , field-programmable gate array (FPGA), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and general-purpose processors (GPP). All these technology provide a high quality support for the digital baseband functions implementation.

Software Defined Radio Technology Challenges

Implementation Operations can be implemented with ASIC,

FPGA, DSP Each has its benefits and drawbacksDigital part, uses

GPP+DSP+FPGA – very expensive in powerSolution: application specific DSP

In the next session we will go more deep in the Digital Hardware Choices for SDR.The Upcoming Sessions:SDR Architecture in more details.Also we will Study the needed standard for our application.

What is Next?

References

1. “MULTI-MODE/MULTI-BAND RF TRANSCEIVERS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS”

2. “Automated Receiver Design and Optimization for 4G Wireless Communication Systems” by Delia Rodríguez de Llera González, Ana Rusu, Mohammed Ismail

3. “MULTI-STANDARD CMOS WIRELESS RECEIVERS: Analysis and Design” by XIAOPENG LI, Mohammed Ismail

4. “Wireless Communication Circuits and Systems” by Yichuang Sun 

5. “SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO: A PROMISING TECHNOLOGY FOR MULTI-STANDARD BASE STATIONS” alcatel Technical Paper

6. “RECONFIGURABLE AND REPROGRAMMABLE MULTI-STANDARD MOBILE TERMINAL BASEBAND LEVEL BASED ON SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO MODULE FOR WIMAX AND UMTS PROTOCOLS” by Olga Zlydareva

7. “SOFTWARE RADIO APPROACH FOR RE-CONFIGURABLE MULTI-STANDARD RADIOS “ by Jörg Brakensiek1, Bernhard Oelkrug1, Martin Bücker1, Dirk Uffmann1, A. Dröge1, M. Darianian1, Marius Otte2

8. “Software Radio: A Modern Approach to Radio Engineering” by Jeffrey H. Reed

Thank You For Your attention