multicast/broadcast technologies for the mobile video market · multicast/broadcast technologies...

Multicast/Broadcast Technologies

for the Mobile Video Market

2 Convegno nazionale sulla Mobile Television

Presented byEnrico Brancaccio

Standards and Innovation ManagerMarket Unit Italy

Ericsson Telecomunicazioni S.p.A.Marketing & Customer Solutions

[email protected]

© Ericsson AB 2005 Multicast/Broadcast technologies November 20052

AgendaMulticast/Broadcast Technologies

Mobile TV Services

Available Technologies

Deeper in Technologies

Market Deployments

Summary


Agenda Multicast/Broadcast Technologies

Mobile TV Services



Market Deployments

Summary


Family Watching

=

Personal WatchingDifferent user behaviour

Different Use Cases

Mobile TV Normal TV

QuickTime och enCinepak-dekomprimerare

krävs för att kunna se bilden.

QuickTime och enCinepak-dekomprimerare

krävs för att kunna se bilden.

=


Different revenues for Mobile TV

Subscription

Transaction

Advertising

Interactivity

Subscription and Advertising models are expected to be dominantAdvertisment can be tailor madeper user further provides anattractive advertising channelInteractivity provides additional revenues and a clear differentiatorAll combinations and extremescan be visioned

– Free TV paid by advertising– Pure subscription based– Combinations


“La Tentazione”: il Mobile Triple Play

Telephony

www@

TV

Home Mobile Office


Make the Remote Control truly Remote and Mobile:

–Watch TV on Mobile (3G) with channels switching while on the go

–Switch channel on you home-TV (2G/3G) when at home

–Initiate network- or STB-based PVR recording / timeshifting (2G/3G) at home or while on the go

–Interactive TV both when Mobil (3G) and at home (2G/3G)

Examples of Converged IPTV – Mobile Remote Control


MobileTV Usage Pattern… is different from traditional TV viewing

TV session lengths (mins)

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%

< 5

5–10

10–1

5

15–2

0

20–2

5

25–3

0

30–3

5

35–4

0

40–4

5

45–5

0

50–5

5

55–6

0

> 60

Time spent viewing individual TV programmes (mins)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

< 2

2–4

4–6

6–8

8–10

10–1

2

12–1

4

14–1

6

16–1

8

> 18

Source: Press release and study results from DVB-H pilot

Short sessions, little time spent on individual TV programs


Different Mobile TV servicesAnalysis



TV-on demand (streaming)•”Video-on-Demand”

TV-on-demand (download)•“Video-on-Demand”





Push-TV (event based download)• Ex: MMS video Breaking News

Push-TV (schedule based download)•Ex: EZTV







Live-TV-alert•Ex: SMS alerting CNN Breaking News

Live TV•”Regular TV” program on mobile









User distribution control










Broadcaster distribution control, event based











Broadcaster distribution control, schedule based












Consumption time = Distribution time












Consumption time = Distribution time

Consumption time ≠Distribution time


Agenda Multicast/Broadcast Technologies

Mobile TV Services



Market Deployments

Summary


Mobile TV which standard?

Today20062006Trials ongoing

TodayService availability

Today from several vendors

20062006Trial units from one vendor

Today from many vendors

Handset availability

Japan

Open

ISDB-T

Korea and expanding to other countries

USUS, Europe parts of Asia

WorldwideRegions

OpenProprietaryOpenOpenStandard

DMBMediaFLODVB-H3G


Mobile TV which standard?

Today20062006Trials ongoing

TodayService availability

Today from several vendors

20062006Trial units from one vendor


Handset availability

Japan

Open

ISDB-T

Korea and expanding to other countries

USUS, Europe parts of Asia

WorldwideRegions

OpenProprietaryOpenOpenStandard

DMBMediaFLODVB-H3G

Trials ongoing

Today

Trial units from one vendor


US, Europe parts of Asia

Worldwide

OpenOpen

DVB-H3G


Providing Mobile TV in 3G networkThe obvious choice for the mobile operator

Unicast streaming is in service already today– TV-like services over the mobile network– Content providers are adapting to the small form factor for size

and time– Unicast does not scale well to many simultaneous users

Multi/Broadcast Multimedia Services (MBMS)– Capacity booster– Provides the same content to unlimited number of users via

multicast or broadcast– Beneficial for a few number of channels that attracts many users– Services in the full control of the mobile operator– Relatively low available bandwidth per channel


DVB-H and IP DatacastingThe non-cellular alternative

DVB-H (Handheld) based on DVB-T (Terrestrial)Provides enough bandwidth for high quality audio and video broadcast to mobile terminalsDoes not mandate return channel, could be TV receiver without mobile telephone functionalityDVB-H standardised, IPDC over DVB-H in final stages

Issues– Uncertainties about spectrum availability in several markets– Business model, including broadcaster and mobile operator

Existing terrestrial digital TV network is not enough– Gap fillers needed for indoor coverage– IPDC standard proposal could have been more stringent


Possible Business Model

Content DeliveryPayment

Content Provider

Content Aggregator Mobile/

Datacast

Service operator

End user

Mobile/Datacast

Network Operator




Content Provider


Datacast

Service operator

End user

Mobile/Datacast

Network Operator

3G network enables simple Business model




Content Provider


Datacast

Service operator

End user

Mobile/Datacast

Network Operator


Mobile Operator




Content Provider


Datacast

Service operator

End user

Mobile/Datacast

Network Operator


Mobile Operator

Content Provider

Content Aggregator

Datacast service

operator

End user

Datacast Network Operator

Mobile

Operator




Content Provider


Datacast

Service operator

End user

Mobile/Datacast

Network Operator


Mobile Operator

Content Provider

Content Aggregator

Datacast service

operator

End user


Mobile

Operator

DVB-H overlays current 2G/3G generating a complicate model




Content Provider


Datacast

Service operator

End user

Mobile/Datacast

Network Operator


Mobile Operator

Content Provider

Content Aggregator

Datacast service

operator

End user


Mobile

Operator

DVB-H overlays current 2G/3G generating a complicate model

FOUND

in

ITALY?


Spectrum Aspects“Brodcaster Domain”

“3G Mobile Operator Domain”




174 240 450 862470Current usage

BSBS

(MHz)806

MM SS BSBS

“Brodcaster Domain”




174 240 450 862470Current usage

BSBS

(MHz)806

MM SS BSBS


Possible futureusage followingdigital switchover(1 Carrier => 4 CHs)

DVB, ISDB, DTVDVB, ISDB, DTV

~600M S

WCDMADAB, DVB 806




174 240 450 862470Current usage

BSBS

(MHz)806

MM SS BSBS




~600M S

WCDMADAB, DVB 806

2110

2025

2155 (70)

1900 1920

1995

2170

1710 1755(70) 1850 1915 1930

WCDMA DLWCDMA UL

3G DL3G UL 3G UL 3G DL

Europe

Americas

1980

(TDD)

2110

Current Allocation




174 240 450 862470Current usage

BSBS

(MHz)806

MM SS BSBS




~600M S

WCDMADAB, DVB 806

2110

2025

2155 (70)

1900 1920

1995

2170

1710 1755(70) 1850 1915 1930

WCDMA DLWCDMA UL


Europe

Americas

1980

(TDD)

2110

Current Allocation

2500 2690

3G

3G

3G

3G

New Bands

2110

2025

2155 (70)

1900 1920

1995

2170

1710 1755(70) 1850 1915 1930

WCDMA DLWCDMA UL


Europe

Americas

1980

(TDD)

2110

Current Allocation



Mobile TV Services


Deeper on Technologies

Market Deployments

Summary


MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Services)

3G (HSDPA)


Unicast versus Broadcast

Unlimited number of content channelsTransport channel only used for the duration of a session, transmission can be optimized per userDoes not scale well with the numberof users

Number of content channels is limited Each content channel allocates one transport channel even if no user is watchingResource consumption independent from number of users

IP NetworkIP NetworkIP NetworkIP Network

Unicast Broadcast

Mobile TV today


Core Network

Channel delivery today

SGSN

GGSN

SGSN

Required resources depend on number of usersDoes not scale for large number of users (> 100.000)Required resources depend on number of usersDoes not scale for large number of users (> 100.000)


Core Network

Channel delivery via MBMS

SGSN

GGSN

SGSN

Considerable resource savings in CN and RAN!Resources depend only on number of content channels - not on number of users!

Considerable resource savings in CN and RAN!Resources depend only on number of content channels - not on number of users!


Radio Resource Usage

# users

Cel

l Cap

acity



# users

Cel

l Cap

acity

Dedicated

Radio Resources



# users

Cel

l Cap

acity

Dedicated

Radio Resources

Common Radio Resources



# users

Cel

l Cap

acity

Dedicated

Radio Resources

Common Radio Resources

MBMSMBMS

Feedback Channel

NOFeedback Channel

Threshold


UTRAN – Below and Above the Threshold

Below the Threshold: DEDICATED CHANNEL – using RLC ack mode

Above the threshold: COMMON CHANNEL – FACH (Forward Access Channel)– Use of higher TTI (Time Transmission Interval) for optimizing

transmitted power– Use of SC (Selective Combining) for deploying cell coverage

overlappingLATEST ENHANCEMNTS (now in TR 25.803 v6.0.0):

– Use of RAKE combining (when applicable) and Soft Combining will further enhance the performance (by 2dB or more)

– Use of RX diversity in the terminal can further enhance the performance (by 3dB)


GERAN - Below and Above the Threshold

Below the Threshold: COMMON FEEDBACK CHANNEL– Data are broadcasted on assigned Time Slots to all the UE’s.– PDAN (Packet Data Ack Nack):

Up to 16 UE’s can report the data reception on an common uplink shared channel

– A repetition pattern is generated accordingly

Above the threshold: BLIND BLOCK REPETITION – Data are broadcasted on assigned Time Slots to all the UE’s– For guaranteeing the correct reception data are repeated N

times– Bitrate vs. coverage has to be balanced.


5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1590

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

Traffic Load [Erlang/cell]

Perc

enta

ge o

f Sat

isfie

d U

sers

Capacity of Mobile TV over HSDPA

System simulation

12 Erlang available for dimensioning MobileTV at 128 kbps


How many MobileTV users on unicast?Flat usage scenario

Available capacity: 12 Erlang / cell (HSDPA, 128 kbps per channel) Assumed user density per cell in densely populated areas: 600

Unicast: 25% of the subscribers can use Mobile TV for 1 hour/day in a flat usage scenario

~108~144~857

Max users density per cell

~18 %~0.111High (e.g. 4x 20 min)~24%~0.083Medium (e.g. 5x 12 min)~140 %~0.014Low (e.g. 2x 5 min)

Share of total subscriber base

Load[Erlang]

Usage per day (0700 -1900 = 12 hours)


-16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -370

75

80

85

90

95

100VehA3 64kbps, 80 ms TTI

P/Pmax [dB]

Cov

erag

e [%

]No soft comb2 RL soft comb3 RL soft comb

MBMS Performance

dB: 10 log P/Pmax = x

One 64 kbps MBMS channel uses 5 – 8 % of the carrier power

Source: 3GPP TR 25.803 v6.0.0

6x 128 kbps MBMS broadcast bearers on one WCDMA carrier

One 128 kbps MBMS channel uses 10 – 16%of the carrier power~80% of cell power available for MBMS


Combined HSDPA / MBMS broadcast“Hot channels” scenario

”Hot channels” = channels requested by many users at the same time

Traffic model– 25% of all customers (= 150 users/cell)

are subscribed to MobileTV– ”Hot channels” attracts 50% (= 75 users/cell)

of the MobileTV subscribers

Two MBMS Broadcast bearers per cell for delivering the ”hot channels” Around 8 Erlang/cell can be used for unicast

Remaining 75 users not watching the hot channel can still generate additional traffic of ~50 mE (corresponding to “medium load” scenario)

Two broadcast bearers sufficient to cope with “hot channels”(= channels watched by many users at the same time)

TV channel usage

0,0000

0,0500

0,1000

0,1500

0,2000

0,2500

0,3000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Channel/service

Rel

ativ

e us

age

“Hot channels”


Outdoor Indoor

250 kbps800 kbps1800 kbps 230 kbps720 kbps1600 kbps

Indoor CapacitySimulation results

P/Pmax P/Pmax

Only marginal performance loss when indoor


Future MBMS capacityAdvanced receiver techniques

Req

uire

d B

S p

ower

for 1

28 K

bps

(%)

RA

KE

13%

RA

KE

2

6.4%

GR

AK

E2

6%G

-RA

KE

13%

12 channels6 channels

128 kbps streaming~80% of cell power available for MBMS

12x 128 kbps MBMS Broadcast bearers with advanced receiver techniques

Requiresreceiverdiversity


DVB-H(DVB-Handheld)


Digital Video Broadcast-Handheld (DVB-H)

Based on ETSI DVB-T– (European standard for Digital Terrestrial TV)

Specific Requirements– Same service environment as cellular systems (2G and 3G)– Mobile and indoor reception, cellular hand-set form factor– Support of IP datacasting (IPDC) and TV over IPDC distribution– Low power consumption of receiver

(same battery life times as with current cellular phones; frontend < 100mW)

Deploy with:SFN (Single Frequency Network) with 8MHz channel (DVB-T/H) - 30-80 TV channels (128-384Kbps)

UHF frequencies- UHF band (470-700 MHz)

Standard approved by ETSI last November 2004 completion expected end 2005


Channel delivery via DVB-H

Core Network

SGSN

GGSN

SGSN

CN and RAN resources not used for content deliveryNumber of channels limited by available DVB-H capacityCN and RAN resources not used for content deliveryNumber of channels limited by available DVB-H capacity

User Interaction channel

DVB-H coverage

Content delivery channel


Broadcaster Network deployment•Output power in DVB-H

•DVB-T the digital step for broadcasting

• Cell radius > 50 km

• 50 kW per channel

• High Antenna gain and no in-door loss

500W

5kW

50kW

500kW

5MW

50MW

Power per Channel

ILLUSTRATIVE







500W

5kW

50kW

500kW

5MW

50MW

Power per Channel

ILLUSTRATIVE

Estimate power per DVB-T Channel

Baseline with DVB-T (same frequencies)







500W

5kW

50kW

500kW

5MW

50MW

Power per Channel

ILLUSTRATIVE


Baseline with DVB-T (same frequencies)Less data per

channel in DVB-H

Average power per channel due to less bits per channel







500W

5kW

50kW

500kW

5MW

50MW

Power per Channel

ILLUSTRATIVE



channel in DVB-H

Average power per channel due to less bits per channel“Soft combining”

By combing the signal from several base stations 2dB







500W

5kW

50kW

500kW

5MW

50MW

Power per Channel

ILLUSTRATIVE



channel in DVB-H



From roof mounted antennas

to Handheld in Near LOS

30 dB Gain and Near LOS vs. Handheld







500W

5kW

50kW

500kW

5MW

50MW

Power per Channel

ILLUSTRATIVE



channel in DVB-H






Similar indoor coverage as with cellular systems

18 dB building penetration loss







500W

5kW

50kW

500kW

5MW

50MW

Power per Channel

ILLUSTRATIVE



channel in DVB-H






Similar indoor coverage as with cellular systems

18 dB building penetration lossA denser network clearly needed



Mobile TV Services

Technologies on the Market


Market Deployments

Summary


Service customization(service differentiation, personalization, etc)

low high

Sim

ulta

neou

sly

reac

habl

e us

ers

few

man

y

Dedicated BC

(DVB-H,…)

Unicast services

MBMS

Unicast

Unicast+

Technology options for Mobile TV

WCDMA: 64 kb/s (CS)128 kb/s (PS)

GPRS: ~ 40 kb/s (PS)EDGE: ~100 kb/s(PS)



MBMS/WCDMA: 64-256+ kb/s(7-30% of cell power)MBMS/EDGE: 32-128 kb/s(4 TS with 8-32 kbps/TS)


DVB-H (8 MHz): ~13 Mb/s ~ 40 channels (300 kb/s)DVB-H (8 MHz): ~13 Mb/s ~ 40 channels (300 kb/s)

Unicast services



low high

Sim

ulta

neou

sly

reac

habl

e us

ers

few

man

y

Dedicated BC

(DVB-H,…)

Unicast services

MBMS

Unicast

Unicast+

Technology options for Mobile TV







DVB-H (8 MHz): ~13 Mb/s ~ 40 channels (300 kb/s)DVB-H (8 MHz): ~13 Mb/s ~ 40 channels (300 kb/s)

MBMS/WCDMA (5 MHz): ~2,5 Mb/s~ 10-20 channels (128 kb/s) ~ 20-40 channels (64 kb/s)

MBMS/WCDMA (5 MHz): ~2,5 Mb/s~ 10-20 channels (128 kb/s) ~ 20-40 channels (64 kb/s)

WCDMA/HSDPAWCDMA/HSDPA

Unicast services



low high

Sim

ulta

neou

sly

reac

habl

e us

ers

few

man

y

Dedicated BC

(DVB-H,…)

Unicast services

Unicast

Unicast+

Technology options for Mobile TV - Services

Unicast services

MBMS



low high

Sim

ulta

neou

sly

reac

habl

e us

ers

few

man

y

Dedicated BC

(DVB-H,…)

Unicast services

Unicast

Unicast+


Unicast services

MBMS

Live-TV-alert•Ex: SMS alerting CNN Breaking

News

Live TV/Mass Event•”Regular TV” program on

mobile

Live TV/Normal•”Regular TV” program on

mobile

Live TV/Pay x View•”Regular TV” program on

mobile

MBMS



low high

Sim

ulta

neou

sly

reac

habl

e us

ers

few

man

y

Dedicated BC

(DVB-H,…)

Unicast services

Unicast

Unicast+


Unicast services

MBMS


News


mobile


mobile


mobile

MBMS

TV-on demand (streaming)

•”Video-on-Demand”

TV-on-demand (download)

•“Video-on-Demand”



low high

Sim

ulta

neou

sly

reac

habl

e us

ers

few

man

y

Dedicated BC

(DVB-H,…)

Unicast services

Unicast

Unicast+


Unicast services

MBMS


News


mobile


mobile


mobile

MBMS

TV-on demand (streaming)

•”Video-on-Demand”

TV-on-demand (download)

•“Video-on-Demand”

Push-TV(event based download)

• Ex: MMS video Breaking NewsPush-TV

(schedule based download)

•Ex: EZTV


Technology evolution for “Mobile TV”

Unicast Unicast+

MBMS -> MBMS+

Continuation for personalized, interactive Services(Services small receiver groups)

ImprovementsMore throughput(EDGE, HSDPA)Bearers with QoS

Commercial launch of “Mobile-TV” Services

Technology Trials

Required mass-market extension for highly attractive services and “busy-hours”

“Live”-Streaming based onexisting technologies, CS/PSBetter codecs, audio & video

Broadcast services (cellular)

DVB-H Technology TrialsBroadcast services (D-TV)

2005 2006 2007 2008



Mobile TV Services

Available Techologies

Deeper on Technologies

Market Deployments

Summary


Summary

HSPDA and MBMS represent a baseline for evolving already existing Mobile TV services

No indoor coverage extra requirements

Combining unicast and broadcast a cost and spectrum efficient solution can be achieved

DVB-H addresses specific usage cases and requires gap fillers for giving the same mobile coverage

Both technologies make interactive channel available

multicast/broadcast technologies for the mobile video market · multicast/broadcast technologies...

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