multicellular algae
DESCRIPTION
Multicellular Algae. Characteristic 1 Live in/near water sources. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Characteristic 1Live in/near water sources
MULTICELLULAR ALGAE
http://www.eplantscience.com/botanical_biotechnology_biology_chemistry/images/Plant%20organisms/Green_algae/Chlorophyta_large.jpg
, http://www.californiasciencecenter.org/Exhibits/WorldOfEcology/ForestZone/KelpForest/images/Island-kelp-forest.jpg
, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Red_algae.jpg
,
Characteristic 2Lack vascular tissue
MULTICELLULAR ALGAE
http://universe-review.ca/I10-24-vascular.jpg, http://en.es-static.us/upl/2012/03/seaweed.jpeg
Characteristic 3Some unicellular, some colonial, most multicellular
MULTICELLULAR ALGAE
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgdec03/volv3sm.jpg, http://www.marlin.ac.uk/imgs/o_ulvlac.jpg
Characteristic 4Reproductive cycles involve alternating sexual and asexual stages
MULTICELLULAR ALGAE
http://www.biologyjunction.com/images/chlamydomonasrepro.jpg
Characteristic 5Well-adapted to life in water
Thin leaf-like structures (~2 cells thick)Movement of materials into the organism is through diffusionNo stemsEase of sexual reproduction
MULTICELLULAR ALGAE
http://www.mrcorfe.com/KS4/Edexcel/Biology/B2-1-LivingCells/images/DiffusionCell.jpg
Characteristic 6Adapted to life in the intertidal zone
Cell wall of cellulose and gel-like sugar (slimy and rubbery)Some have CaCO3
MULTICELLULAR ALGAE
http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/images/wsci_01_img0122.jpg
According to: Chlorophyll and accessory pigments Form in which food is stored
ALGAL GROUPS IN PHYCOLOGY
Habitat Some freshwater, most marine Polar regions, tropics Up to ~260 m depth
Pigments Chl a (all) phycoerythrin absorbs blue light appears green, pink, red, purple, black
Food reserve: Floridean starchMostly multicellular; no flagella and
centrioles
DIVISION RHODOPHYTA (RED ALGAE)
Chondrus crispusChondrus crispus, Irish moss, Irish moss
http://www.biopix.nl/Temp/JCS%20Chondrus%20crispus%2015579.jpg, http://www.uwphoto.no/500/esv151cd221.jpg, http://media.treehugger.com/assets/images/2011/10/porphyra.jpg
Lithothamnion Lithothamnion glacialeglaciale
Porphyra nori
Habitat Mostly marine Cool, shallow coastal waters of
temperate/arctic areas
Pigments Chl a and c fucoxanthin Dusky olive/yellow-brown
Food reserve: laminarinAll multicellular; largest and most
complex algae
DIVISION PHAEOPHYTA (BROWN ALGAE)
Macrocystis pyrifera, giant kelp
http://s1.hubimg.com/u/4873716_f260.jpg, http://www.ohio.edu/plantbio/vislab/algaeimage/jpegs/Sarg.JPG, http://
www.deepseaimages.com/dsilibrary/data/683/22003_0208_125426aa_1_1.jpg PadinaPadina
Thallus (pl. thalli) “sprout”- plantlike seaweed body1.holdfast – attachment2.stipe – stemlike support3.blade – surface for photosynthesis4.bladder – flotation, keeps blades near surface
PHAEOPHYTA STRUCTURES
http://ez002.k12.sd.us/kelpai.jpg
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN Fucus
Only multicellular part of the life Only multicellular part of the life cyclecycle
http://plantphys.info/organismal/lechtml/images/fucuslc.gif
Habitat: Freshwater/marine/moist areas
Pigments: Chl a and b, carotenoids
Food reserve: starchCell wall of celluloseUnicellular/colonial/multicellularAncestors of modern land plants
DIVISION CHLOROPHYTA (GREEN ALGAE)
http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/studies/invertebrates/invertimages/chlamy.gif, http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgdec03/volvoxbirth2.jpg, http://
www.aphotomarine.com/images/seaweed/green_seaweed_sea_lettuce_ulva_linza_17-03-09.jpg
VolvoxVolvox
Ulva
ChlamydomonasPonds, ditches2 flagellaCup-shaped chloroplast
Pyrenoid at base synthesizes and stores starch
2 small contractile vacuolesEyespotCell wall not made of cellulose
UNICELLULAR GREEN ALGA
http://universe-review.ca/I10-68-greenalgae1.jpg
, http://silicasecchidisk.conncoll.edu/Pics/Other%20Algae/Green_jpegs/Chlamydomonas_Key100.jpg
Gonium4-42 identical cells living together but functioning independentlyVolvox500-50,000 cells arranged in hollow spheresMost cells identical; few produce gametesOedogoniumThreadlike coloniesHoldfast cell attached to lake/pond bottomAsexual reproduction: broken filaments divide and growSexual reproduction: formation of gametes
COLONIAL GREEN ALGAE
http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/pdb/images/Chlorophyta/Gonium/sp_2a.jpg,http://anugrahjuni.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/oedogonium2.gif
UlvaIntertidal zone of marine habitatsTruly multicellular2-cells thick but tough
MULTICELLULAR GREEN ALGAE
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_bQO5DdNy04g/S_3l_CGS8rI/AAAAAAAADgs/sCQ9cyg6lu0/
s1600/i1023ulva.jpg
Alternation of generationsDiploid haploid stagesAsexual sexual modes of reproduction
Asexual spore* formationSexual gamete* formation
* Both are haploid reproductive cells
REPRODUCTION IN CHLOROPHYTA
Haploid, N
Diploid, 2N
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Haploid_vs_diploid.svg
REPRODUCTION IN Chlamydomonas
http://www.biologyjunction.com/images/chlamydomonasrepro.jpg
Dominant stage
(unfavorable conditions)
Isogamy
Fertilization/Syngamy
2N N N N
REPRODUCTION IN Ulva
Multicellular haploid stages with gametangia that produce gametes
Multicellular diploid stage with
sporangia that produce spores
2N NN N