MULTICULTURAL MULTICULTURAL EDUCATIONEDUCATION

UNDERSTANDING UNDERSTANDING OURSELVES AND OTHERSOURSELVES AND OTHERS

CONSCIOUSLY WE CONSCIOUSLY WE TEACH WHAT WE TEACH WHAT WE

KNOW;KNOW;UNCONSCIOUSLY WE UNCONSCIOUSLY WE TEACH WHO WE ARE.TEACH WHO WE ARE.

Don HamachekDon Hamachek (contemporary)(contemporary)

Defining Terms Related Defining Terms Related To Human DifferencesTo Human Differences

• BIASBIAS: a preference or inclination, : a preference or inclination, favorable or unfavorable, which inhibits favorable or unfavorable, which inhibits impartial judgment.impartial judgment.

• STEREOPTYPESTEREOPTYPE: a positive or negative : a positive or negative trait or traits ascribed to a certain group trait or traits ascribed to a certain group and to most members of that group.and to most members of that group.

• PREJUDICEPREJUDICE: a negative attitude toward a : a negative attitude toward a group and persons perceived to e group and persons perceived to e members of that group.members of that group.

Defining Terms Related Defining Terms Related To Human Differences To Human Differences

(cont.)(cont.)• BIGOTRY:BIGOTRY: extreme negative attitudes extreme negative attitudes

leading to hatred of a group and persons leading to hatred of a group and persons regarded as members of the group.regarded as members of the group.

• DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION: actions or practices : actions or practices carried out by a member or members of carried out by a member or members of dominant groups or their dominant groups or their representatives that have a differential representatives that have a differential and negative impact on a member or and negative impact on a member or members of subordinate groups.members of subordinate groups.

Differences between Differences between race, ethnicity and race, ethnicity and

nationalitynationality• RACERACE is not a scientific concept, but a is not a scientific concept, but a

social reality dictated by the color of social reality dictated by the color of one’s skin even when skin color as a one’s skin even when skin color as a basis for human categorization is absurd basis for human categorization is absurd (African Americans are identified as (African Americans are identified as black, yet the skin color form many of black, yet the skin color form many of them is more accurately described as them is more accurately described as brown; same with the term “redskin”: brown; same with the term “redskin”: the skin color for Native Americans is the skin color for Native Americans is not red).not red).

Differences between Differences between race, ethnicity and race, ethnicity and nationality (cont.)nationality (cont.)

• ETHNICITYETHNICITY is based upon is based upon perceptions of cultural differences. perceptions of cultural differences. It refers to the historic origins of an It refers to the historic origins of an individual’s family. For immigrants individual’s family. For immigrants to the United States, ethnicity to the United States, ethnicity identifies their country of origin or identifies their country of origin or that from which their ancestors that from which their ancestors came.came.

Differences between Differences between race, ethnicity and race, ethnicity and nationality (cont.)nationality (cont.)

• NATIONALITYNATIONALITY refers to the nation refers to the nation in which one has citizenship. To ask in which one has citizenship. To ask people about their nationality is to people about their nationality is to ask where they reside or what nation ask where they reside or what nation is identified on their passport.is identified on their passport.

• People curious about someone’s People curious about someone’s ethnic heritage have often asked, ethnic heritage have often asked, “What is your nationality?” instead of “What is your nationality?” instead of “What is your ethnic background?”.“What is your ethnic background?”.

Nationalities of Ethnic Nationalities of Ethnic Immigrants to AmericaImmigrants to America

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1820-1860

1861-1900

1901-1940

1941-1980

1981-2000

Europe

Canada

Other

Asia

Latin America

Minority Groups and Minority Groups and DiversityDiversity

• Minority GroupMinority Group does not necessarily imply does not necessarily imply anything about the number of people in the anything about the number of people in the group; however it does imply something about group; however it does imply something about their power. When the white minority held power their power. When the white minority held power in South Africa, black South Africans were the in South Africa, black South Africans were the majority in terms of numbers, but they lacked majority in terms of numbers, but they lacked the power under the Apartheid..the power under the Apartheid..

• DiversityDiversity refers to the presence of human refers to the presence of human beings with perceived or actual differences beings with perceived or actual differences based on a variety of humans characteristics. based on a variety of humans characteristics. Diversity exists both in classrooms having no Diversity exists both in classrooms having no minorities and in classrooms where all the minorities and in classrooms where all the students are African American.students are African American.