multimedia technology

Introduction to Multimedia

SMM 2005Rabiah Abdul Kadir

Jabatan Multimedia, FSKTM, UPM

[email protected]://www.fsktm.upm.edu.my/


Chapter 2 Multimedia Technology

Hardware Software


Computer Hardware

DimensionTM 1100 Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor 2.8GHz with 1MB cacheGenuine Windows® XP Home Edition256MB DDR SDRAM 400 MHz17" Colour Monitor (15.9"v.i.s.)80GB (7200rpm) SATA Hard Drive48X CD-ROM Drive

A typical quotation of a computer system

2.1 Computer Hardware

There are FIVE major factors for a computer to be powerful:SpeedReliabilityAccuracy StorageCommunication

5

What is a COMPUTER?

Is an electronic machine.Operating under the control of instruction

stored in its own memory that can:accept datamanipulate the dataproduce resultsstore the result.

6

COMPUTER

Operation accept data

manipulate the data

produce results store the result.

Information Processing Cycle

INPUTINPUT PROCESSPROCESS OUTPUTOUTPUT STORAGESTORAGE

DATA – unprocessed items INFORMATION – processed data

Accepting data from user.

Processing data into meaningful information.

Displaying the information to the user.

Storing the information for safe keeping or later use.

Computer Component

Major Component of a Computer:Hardware

The electric, electronic and mechanical equipment that make up a computer.

SoftwareThe series of instructions that tells the hardware

how to perform tasks.

Part 1: Computer Hardware

Hardware components:1. Input Devices

2. Output Devices

3. System Unit

4. Storage Devices

5. Communication Devices

1. Input Devices

Allow user enter DATA and COMMANDS into memory. Example: keyboard, mouse, camera, microphone and etc. Four forms of input:

Data Program Commands User responses

2. Output Devices

Convey information to one or more people. Four forms of output:

Text Graphics Audio Video

3. System Unit

Box like case that contains electronic components of the computer that is used to process data. [1]

Usually is part of or is connected to a circuit board called MOTHERBOARD. [2]

Electronic components attached to motherboard – cards, processors, memory chip. [3]

[1][2] [3]

3. System Unit

Components of a motherboard:Processors or Central Processing Unit

(CPU)Memory

3. System Unit: CPU

The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer.

Contain:A control unitArithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

3. System Unit: CPU

Machine Cycle - for every instructions, a processor repeats a set of four basic operation:FetchingDecodingExecutingStoring

3. System Unit: Memory

Memory stores THREE basic categories of items: the operating system and others system software that control

or maintain the computer and its devices; application programs that carry out a specific task such as

word processing; the data being processed by the application programs and

resulting information.

MEMORY

OS & Syst Software

Application Programs

Data & Information


Consist of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions.

There are data that are kept TEMPORARILY, and there are those that is PERMANENT.


The system unit contains TWO types of memory:VOLATILE:

When the computer’s power is turned OFF, it loses its contents. Temporary storage. Example RAM

NON VOLATILE: Does not lose its contents when power is removed from

computer. Permanent storage. Example ROM, flash memory and CMOS


RAMMain memory / primary storageConsist of memory chips that can be read

from and write to by processor and other devices.

Types of RAM:DRAMSRAM


DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory More common compared to SRAM DRAM needs to be refreshed thousands of times per second The common types of DRAM used today is DDR SDRAM.

DimensionTM 1100 Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor 2.8GHz with 1MB cacheGenuine Windows® XP Home Edition256MB DDR SDRAM 400 MHz17" Colour Monitor (15.9"v.i.s.)80GB (7200rpm) SATA Hard Drive48X CD-ROM Drive


SRAM Static Random Access Memory More faster compared to DRAM because it does not need to

be refreshed Not commonly used because it is so much more expensive SRAM is commonly used in memory cache and some are

built into the architecture of the cpu.DimensionTM 1100 Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor 2.8GHz with 1MB cacheGenuine Windows® XP Home Edition256MB DDR SDRAM 400 MHz17" Colour Monitor (15.9"v.i.s.)80GB (7200rpm) SATA Hard Drive48X CD-ROM Drive


CACHE Function to speed up processing time because its

stores frequently used instructions and data. Two types of cache:

Memory Cache Help to speed the process of the computer because stores

frequently used instructions and data. Have L1 cache and L2 cache (SRAM). Server have L3 cache

Disk Cache Built into disk to speed up data access from the disk to be

used by the processor


ROM Refers to memory chips storing permanent data and

instructions. The data cannot be modified. The ROM chips, called firmware, contain permanently written

data, instructions, or information. Most personal computers contain a small amount of ROM that

stores critical programs such as the program that boots the computer.


CMOS Some RAMs chip, flash memory chips and others type of

memory chips use CMOS technology. Its provided high speeds and consumes little power (small

battery). Usage of CMOS

BIOS, in computing, stands for basic input/output system. BIOS refers to the software code run by a computer when first powered on.

The primary function of BIOS is to prepare the machine so other software programs stored on various media (such as hard drives, floppies, and CDs) can load, execute, and assume control of the computer.

Other example date, time, Calendar even when the computer is turned off.


Flash MemoryA memory that can be erased electronically

and reprogrammed. More in mobile device unit e.g PDA, handphone, printers and etc.

3. System Unit: Buses

A computer processes and stores data as a series of electronic bits.

These bits transfer internally within the circuit of the computer along electrical channel.

Each channel called a BUS, allows the various devices both inside and attached to system unit to communicate with each other.

Two types of bus: ADDRESS BUS DATA BUS

3. System Unit: Basic Type of Buses

System Bus Connects the processor to main board.

Expansion Bus Allow the processors to communicate with other

peripherals. Types of expansion bus:

ISA Bus PCI Bus AGP Bus ASB and FireWire Bus

3. System Unit: Ports and Connectors

A port is: the point at which a peripheral attaches to a system unit so it can

send data or received information from computer.

Ports have different types of connectors. A connector joins a cable to a peripheral. Most connector are available in one of two gender :

MALE and FEMALE.

3. System Unit: Ports and Connectors

Male

Female

Types of Ports

Serial Ports transmitting data 1 bit at a time. Example; mouse, keyboard

ports. Using normally 25-pin and 9-pin male connector. Although many of the newer systems have done away with

the serial port completely in favor of USB connections, most modems still use the serial port, as do some printers, PDAs

and digital cameras.

3. System Unit: Types of Ports

Parallel Ports transmitting more than 1 bit at time.Example: Printer Port.


USB PortsUniversal Serial Bus Port. Can connect to

127 different peripherals together with single connector type.

Supports Plug-and-Play.


Special Purpose Ports: Firewire

MIDI Ports

SCSI Ports

IrDA Ports

Bluetooth Ports

3. System Unit: Bays

A bay is an opening inside the system unit which you can install additional equipment.

Two type of drive bays exist external internal

4. Storage Devices

Storage holds DATA INSTRUCTIONS INFORMATION.

The difference between STORAGE and MEMORY STORAGE holds these items PERMANENTLY and store it before

and after being used. MEMORY holds these items TEMPORARILY while they are being

processed by CPU.

4. Storage Devices: Storage Media

Is the physical material on which data, instruction and information are STORED.

Example of STORAGE DEVICES with their STORAGE MEDIA

Device Media

Hard Drive Hard Disk

Floppy Drive Floppy Disks

CD Drive CD-ROMs, CDR, CDRW

DVD Drive DVD-ROMs, DVDR, DVDRW

Zip Drive Zip Disk

PDAs / Handheld Memory Card

Relationship between CPU, Bus, Memory, Storage

Each time a process needs to be done,the CPU will take it from the storage media and bring it into the RAM. [1]

The process is done in the RAM [2]

2 1

When the SAVE button is pressed, the processed information will be sent into the storage media [3] for permanent storage.

3

CPU assigns each data a unique address. Each time a data needed to be accessed, its address

is called so that the data can be fetched. Every data is sent through the bus. [4]

4

5. Communication Devices

A communications devices is a hardware component that enables a computer to send (transmit) and retrieve data, instructions and information to and from one or more computers.

Main device is MODEM.


Computer Software

Computer Software Software, also called a program, is a series of instructions that tells the

computer what to do and how to do it. Users interact with the program through its GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE

(GUI) which contains an object called ICON (can be as text, graphics or visual images).

ICONs

Computer Software

Two categories of software:1. System Software

2. Application Software

Computer Software

1. System Software Consists of the programs that control or maintain the

operations of the computers and its devices. Two types of system software

Operating System Windows XP

Utility Programs Disk defragmenter, Anti virus, Scan Disk

Computer Software

2. Application SoftwareConsists of programs that perform specific task

for user. Application software is used for a variety of reasons:

As business tool To assist with graphics and multimedia projects To support home, personal and educational

activities To facilitate communications

Other Software

Business Software Accounting Stock

Graphic and Multimedia Software Photo Editing Authoring tools Movie Players

Home, Personal and Education Software Courseware

Communication Software Yahoo Messenger MSN Messenger, ICQ, MIRC

Web Application Maybank2u, Web based E-mail

Categories of Computers

Industries experts typically classify computers in FIVE categories:

1. Personal Computers

2. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

3. Midrange Servers

4. Mainframes

5. Supercomputers


A computer that can perform all its input, processing, output and storage activities by itself.

Although technically this refers to all such computers, including Macs, the term PC is nearly synonymous with only the IBM-compatible microcomputers.

Two popular type are the PC (IBM) and Apple.


Two type of personal computer. Desktop Computer

tall and narrow tower. If the spec is higher and for professional used, normally known as workstation.

Notebook / Laptop ComputerFoldable and compact. Easy to carry around.

2. Mobile Computers & Mobile Devices

Is a personal computer that you can carry from place to place.

A notebook ( laptop); tablet PC; Handheld computer; PDA (personal digital assistant); smart phone

3. Midrange Server

Is more powerful and larger than a workstation computer. Typically support several hundred and a few thousand connected

computers at the same time. Its store data and programs.

A BLOCK B BLOCK

FSKTM LAN

4. Mainframes

Is a large, expensive, very powerful computer that can handle more than thousands of connected user simultaneously.

Also can act as servers on a large network environment.(Server for servers)

FSKTMFSAS

UPM B

5. Supercomputers

Is the fastest, most powerful computer. Capable of processing more than 100 trillion

instructions per second. Used for simulations.

multimedia technology

Technology

sata hard

stores frequently

mobile devices

rom drive

system unit

dimension

48x cd

colour monitor