multiphysics modeling solutions for advanced vehicle research & development · 2012. 11. 9. ·...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development
Eric DedePrincipal Scientist
Toyota Research Institute of North America
Ann Arbor, MI
COMSOLCONFERENCE
Boston2012
Excerpt from the Proceedings of the 2012 COMSOL Conference in Boston
![Page 2: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Acknowledgements
Toyota Research Institute of North AmericaElectronics Research Department
Dr. Tsuyoshi Nomura, Yuanbo Guo
Materials Research DepartmentDr. Debasish Banerjee, Dr. Mindy Zhang
Toyota Central Research & Development LabsFrontiers Research Division
Dr. Hideo Iizuka
Korea Aerospace UniversitySchool of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering
Assistant Professor Jaewook Lee
![Page 3: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Toyota Technical Center – North American Operations
Gardena& Torrance,California Death
ValleyNat’l Park
YellowstoneNat’l Park
Wittmann,Arizona
Sacramento,California
Ann ArborYork & Plymouth,Michigan, (Toyota
Research Institute)
Timmins,Ontario
![Page 4: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Overview of North American research
Toyota Research Institute of North America
2020 Vision for Society – Sustainable Mobility
Hybrid VehiclePower Electronics
& Sensor Electronics
VehicleControl
FundamentalMaterialDesign
Electronics Research
Future Vehicle Research
MaterialsResearch
Research focused on the environment, safety, and human interaction
![Page 5: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Thermal Management of Electronics Systems
Application to cold plate design
![Page 6: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Why multiphysics simulation?
DeviceSubstrate
+Bond
Layers
Electronics Cross-Section View Cold Plate
Typical Hybrid Component
![Page 7: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
A focus on thermal energy management –key for advanced vehicle systems
= Thermal management location
Example Drivetrain Schematic
Po
we
r D
en
sity
2004MY 2005MY 2006MY 2007MY 201XMY
Trend in ElectronicsPower Density
![Page 8: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Workflow process comparison
Concept(CAD)
Physics AAnalysis
Physics BAnalysis
UserEvaluation
FinalDesign
1. Traditional design approach:
Iteration by User Trial & Error
2. Inverse material layout design approach:
Multiphysics Structural Topology
Optimization
Concept(CAD)
Design Verification thru Multiphysics
Analysis (CAE)
FinalDesign
Prototype Validation
Prototype Validation
![Page 9: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Topology optimization for concept development
MathematicalMethod
Engineer’s Intuition
(experience)or
Iteration Vs.
E.g. Optimal Geometry for Stiffness
Method to find an optimal geometry (e.g. size, shape, or number of holes)
A mathematical approach using Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
![Page 10: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Topology optimization for concept development
Density, ρ, of each finite element
0: Void (Air/Material 1)
1: Solid (Steel/Material 2)
Mathematical representation of geometry
Geometry Density, ρ, Distribution of Each Finite Element
Material properties: function of density ρ
Ex.) ρ: 0 E=0 (void) , k=0.6 (water)
ρ: 1 E=200 (steel), k=170 (aluminum)
+
1. Finite Element Analysis K(ρ)x=f
3. Perform sensitivity analysis
5. Optimizer
- Initial Geometry(Density ρ distribution)
- B.C.
ρ= ρ+ ∆ρGeometry Update
x
6. ConvergenceTest
4. Apply sensitivity filter
2. Calculate optimization Objective and Constraint
F(x)
∂F/∂ρ
~∂F/∂ρ
-Optimization problemformulation
No YesEND
![Page 11: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Single-physics (fluid) topology optimization for concept development
Electronics cold plate global manifold design
Optimal manifold topology with fluid velocity contours
E.M. Dede et al., Int. J. Vehicle Des., 2012
Obtained using COMSOL
+ Matlab custom
optimization script
![Page 12: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Multiphysics (thermal-fluid) topology optimization for concept development
Electronics cold plate local cooling cell design
Optimal branching channel topology with normalized fluid velocity contours
E.M. Dede, InterPACK, 2011
Obtained using COMSOL
+ Matlab custom
optimization script
![Page 13: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
From optimization concept to advanced prototype development
Optimal branching channel topology with normalized fluid velocity contours
Synthesized CAD Model
Cold Plate Research Prototype
![Page 14: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Concept validation via experimental tests using in-house test facility
Single-phase thermal-fluid test bench
Schematic for Experimental Flow Loop
Side Cross-Section View of Test Piece
![Page 15: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Concept validation via experimental tests using in-house test facility
Experimental and numerical results
Cold Plate Unit Thermal Resistance
Test Piece Total Power Dissipation Cold Plate Pressure Drop
ΔP = 7.53 kPa ΔP = 7.37 kPa
COMSOLPressure
Drop Verification Study at 0.5
L/min – Fluid Streamlines (Top View)
![Page 16: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Magnetic Field Focusing & Force Enhancement
Application to electromechanical actuators
![Page 17: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Need for efficient magnetic devices
2012 Concept Prius HV
Motors Actuators
Thousands of magnetic devices utilizepermanent magnets
Rapid increase of rare-earth material price
![Page 18: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Electro-magnetic field focusing concept
Operation of Near Field Plate (NFP)
IncomingEM Wave
Design of Impedance
Structure (NFP)
Focused EM wave
Focusing of Electric Field of 1 GHz frequency
Demonstration of Field Focusing
A. Grbic et al., Science, 2008
![Page 19: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Extension to low frequency magnetic field design for motors / actuators
Focusing of Magnetic Field in kHz to MHz range
1.14 cm
Z1
Z2
Z3
Z4
B0 B1
Jz
y
x
Impedance Loop
Device Concept
D. Banerjee et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 2011 & J. Lee et al., Finite Elem. Anal. Des., 2012
![Page 20: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Verification of magnetic field focusingSimulated field distribution for loop array with central gap
Analytical Solution(2-D for simplified geometry)
COMSOL Solution(3-D for complex geometry)
![Page 21: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Validation of magnetic field focusing and force enhancement effect
Material Sample Design Material Prototype
Test Schematic
Experimental FacilityE.M. Dede et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 2012
Magnetic Field Focusing Effect
Force Enhancement Effect
![Page 22: Multiphysics Modeling Solutions for Advanced Vehicle Research & Development · 2012. 11. 9. · School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering ... Nat’l Park Wittmann, Arizona Sacramento,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071401/60ec0961062701084d0eed96/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Conclusions
Multiphysics simulation is a key tool for advanced electromechanical system design
Coupling of several physics is common
Material layout optimization technique built into workflow for streamlined design process
Informed initial concept vs. user trial & error approach
Often leads to unique (non-intuitive) solutions
Integrated CAD to CAE tools crucial for verification and validation of optimized and as-built designs
Required for complex geometries