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MULTIPLE ALLELES Blood Types

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Multiple Alleles. Blood Types. A, B, O Blood Type System. Multiple alleles – more than two alleles control a trait Example – Human Blood Types. A, B, O System Alleles are either A, B, or O Blood types can be A, B, AB, or O - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Multiple Alleles

MULTIPLE ALLELESBlood Types

Page 2: Multiple Alleles

A, B, O BLOOD TYPE SYSTEM

Multiple alleles – more than two alleles control a trait

Example – Human Blood Types

A, B, O System Alleles are either A,

B, or O Blood types can be

A, B, AB, or O

Blood type is determined by the type of antigen present on the surface of the red blood cell

Page 3: Multiple Alleles

ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES

Antigens – stimulates an immune response when a foreign substance enters the body

Antigens produce antibodies

Antibodies are like “soldiers,” they destroy foreign substances

Page 4: Multiple Alleles

BLOOD TYPES

Page 5: Multiple Alleles

DONORS AND RECIPIENTS

Which blood type(s) can A, B, AB, and O receive?

Which blood type(s) can A, B, AB, and O donate to?

Page 6: Multiple Alleles

Blood Type Can get blood from…

Can donate to…

A O, A A, AB

B O, B B, AB

*ABUniversal recipient

A, B, AB, O AB

*OUniversal donor

O A, B, AB, O

Page 7: Multiple Alleles

MOST/LEAST COMMON BLOOD TYPE

Most Common Blood typeOAB

ABLeast Common Blood type

Page 8: Multiple Alleles

RH SYSTEM

Rh is an antigen that is sometimes present on the surface of red blood cells 85% of the United States population is Rh

positive (Rh+). This means that they carry the Rh antigen

People who do not have the Rh antigen are called Rh negative (Rh-)

Called the Rh factor Named after the rhesus monkey in which it was

first discovered Rh+ is dominant over Rh-

Page 9: Multiple Alleles

People who are Rh- CANNOT receive blood from a person who is Rh+! If an Rh- person receives a transfusion that is

Rh+ the Rh- person will make antibodies against the Rh+

blood The antibodies will react with the antigens of the Rh+

blood and the two blood types will clump

This clumping is called AGGLUTINATION

Page 10: Multiple Alleles

RH AND PREGNANCY If mom is Rh- and dad is

Rh+ = baby will be Rh+

During delivery baby’s blood may get into mom’s bloodstream and she will make antibodies against the Rh+ blood

If she gets pregnant again her antibodies against Rh+ blood can cross her placenta and attack baby #2 Rh+ blood

Page 11: Multiple Alleles

PRACTICE- COPY IN YOUR NOTES =)

If one parent has type O blood and the other parent has type AB, what are the possible blood types the offspring could have?

O O

A

B

A O A O

B O

B O

Page 12: Multiple Alleles

If both parents are rH+ , is it possible to have a child that is rH- ???

Page 13: Multiple Alleles

If both parents are type AB, what are the possible blood types of the offspring?

Page 14: Multiple Alleles

If one parent is type A and the other parent is type AB, what is the chance of having a child with AB?

Page 15: Multiple Alleles

If one parent is type A and the other parent is type B is it possible for them to have an AB child?

Page 16: Multiple Alleles

If one parent is A and the other parent is B, is it possible for them to have a child with type O?

Page 17: Multiple Alleles

If one parent is type A and rH+ and the other parent is B and rH+ is it possible to have a child that is type AB and rh- ? Hint, do your Punnett squares separately!

Page 18: Multiple Alleles

If one parent is type AB and rH+ and the other parent is AB and rH+, what is the chance of having a child that is type B and rH-?

Hint, both parents are heterozygous for rH factor.

Page 19: Multiple Alleles