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Research Product 86-19

Multiple Integrated Laser EngagementSystem Training Checklist

ARI Field Unit at Presidio of Monterey, California

Training Research Laboratory

May 1986

0-A

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U. S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Scienca~sApproved for public rieoa so: distribution unlimited.6 92

U. S. ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE

FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

A Field Operating Agency under the Jurisdiction of theDeputy Chief of Staff for Personnel

WM. DARRYL HENDERSONEDGAR M. JOHNSON COL, INTechnical Director Commanding

Research accomplished under contractfor the Department of the Army Accession For

BDM Corporation NTIs G IDTIC TA3

ElJustifiction_

Technical review byGuthrie D. Hardy, Jr. By

(11VQMI~lDistributton'Robert H. Sulzen

Availability CodesAvail and/or--

'Dist Special

NOTICES

FINAL ,ISPOSITI : This ResearCh Product may be destroyed when it Is no longer needed. Plese do not

return it to the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.

N Ti This Research Product is not to be construed as an official Department of the Army document in its

present form.

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1. REPORT NUMBER 12 OVT ACCESSION NO. 3.RCIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBERARI Research Product 86-19 v -AZ 2 (7

4. TITLE (end Subtitle) S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

MULTIPLE INTEGRATED LASER ENGAGEMENT SYSTEM Final Report

TRAINING CHECKLIST January 1982-February 1984

6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTNOR(a) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(a)

J. L. Fobes (ARI), Cynthia Roberts-Gray and MDA9O3-82-C-0656

Thomas J. Ritenour (BDM)

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK

The BDM Corporation AREA 6 WORK UNIT NUMBERS

2600 Garden Road, North Building 2Q263743A794

Monterey, CA 93940 4421 100/101II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATEU.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral may 1986

and Social Sciences 13. NUMBER OF PAGES5001 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22333-5600 3114. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(i different from Cont rolling Office) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of thie report)

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12. KEY WORDS (Continue on revere aide if neceeeary and Identify by block number)

MILES (Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System)

Tactical engagement simulationUnit training

Un i evaluation

20. AW IIACTr (Cmue - .e, ofeE N -, od Identify by block number)

actical engagement simulation training with the Multiple Integrated Laser

Engagement System (MILES) provides the most realistic feedback for collective

training and is the key to home station preparation for the National Training

Center. The many Army documents providing extensive guidance on such training

are briefly summarized in this MILES training checklist in a format appropriate

for use in the field. This guide is being published as a graphic training aid

(GTA), by Director, Tactical Engagement Simulation, to provide (Continued)

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ARI Research Product 86-19

\20. (Continued)trainers with critical prompts on what to do before, during, and after anexercise to obtain maximal gains from training exercises.

UNCLASSIFIEDISECURITY CLASSIFICATfON OF THIS PAGE(Wh.n Dot* FnI.,#4)

Research Product 86-19

Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement

System Training Checklist

J. L. Fobes

ARI Field Unit at Presidio of Monterey, California

Cynthia Roberts-Gray and Thomas J. Riltenour

The BDM Corporation

ARI Field Unit at Presidio of Monterey, CaliforniaJack H. Hiller, Chief

Training Research Laboratory

Seward Smith, Acting Director

U.S. ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES5001 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, Virginia 22333-5600

Office, Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel

Department of the Army

May 1986

Army Project Number Education and Training20263743A794

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

iii

FOREWORD

This research product provides a checklist to assist those who conductMultiple Integrated Laser Engagement System (MILES) training, and summarizesthe many Army docur ts giving guidance on how to use MILES for tactical en-gagement simulati _ES) training. This guide is suitable for use in thefield and is beir blished as a graphic training aid (GTA) to give unittrainers critica sights on whit to do before, during, and after an exerciseto derive maximal benefit.

EDGAR M. JOHNSONTechnical Director

4

vpN.

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MULTIPLE INTEGRATED LASER ENGAGEMENT SYSTEM TRAINING CHECKLIST

CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION .............. ............................... I

PREPARING FOR MILES-SUPPORTED TRAINING ........ .. .................. 5

MONITORING MILES-SUPPORTED EXERCISES ....... ................... 15

REVIEWING MILES-SUPPORTED TRAINING: AFTER-ACTION REVIEWS . ........ . 19

REFERENCES ............... ................................ 25

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. MILES training flow chart ............................ 2

2. Objective casualty assessment components . ........... 3

V

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

This checklist was developed to assist unit trainers toconduct MILES training within the tactical engagement simulationframework. It briefly summarizes the extensive training guidancein FM 25-3 and TC 26-6 (Appendix A) into an orderly series ofcritical training steps. That detailed "how to do" itinformation on MILES training is complimented here by this "whatto do" checklist for use in the field. A summary flow chart ofmajor categories of MILES training contained in this checklist ispresented in Figure 1.

The effectiveness of MILES training depends upon providingcollective training feedback. This requires an adequate numberand employment of controllers to ensure critical steps forpreparing, monitoring, and reviewing MILES training. Controllersare particularly needed to enforce objective casualtyassessment. The components for such assessment are listed inFigure 2 and related checklist items are marked with anasterisk.

PSS

PREPARE ___ MONITOR REVIEWEXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE

* Prepare Yourself * Control the 0 Organizeand Support Exercise InformationPersonnel Collected

* Capture Data* Prepare MILES and for Feedback 0 Present

Related Equipment Feedback

0 Prepare TrainingArea

, Prepare Soldiers

Figure 1. MILES training flow chart.

V2

.1!

OBJECTIVE CASUALTY ASSESSMENT IS ASSURED

All Players Equipped Rules of Engagementw/Operational Devices Communicated & Enforced

Enough Equipment is Operational Rules Rules of Engagement

Equip- of Engage- Enforced

ment mentfor Inoperable Are IOFAN Transmitters Detectors Equipment Commu-

Cheating i es

Aligned Chocked Removed CasualtiesPlayers From nicated Prevented Assessed_ _ _ _ _ _ _ J Play

Figure 2. Objective casualty assessment components.

-3

7 J , ." j " " ' . Ar " .- "- " , - > ' -' % ', , .-.-LAI J0..V " J ." . .. ., . , , ,,,. , . : .a .,-.. ." . , " v . ,,.,, ., ,. . "'M ,' , v,. , %. . ' .- ' . .,

CHAPTER 2

PREPARING FOR MILES-SUPPORTED TRAINING

PREPARE YOURSELF AND SUPPORT PERSONNEL

** All Asterisked Items Relate to Objective Casualty Assessment.

Y N NE 0S A

The Cdr is trained as a MILES controller.---~~~~- T - ----------.-- --.-.- -

All controllers are trained as MILEScontrollers.

PRFPAR" MILES AND RELATED EQUIPMENT- 9

MILES REQUISITION

£5 *The (1dr uses TC 25-6 ammo expenditurerate tables to plan needed ammo.

T** Thf Cdr uses TC 25-6 to plan the typesand number of batteries needed.

The Cdr coordinates with the TASC toensure availability of MILES devices forall personnel and vehicles.

.-'

. .. i -I5= [ -: : m : ; C

Y N NE 0S A

** The Cdr requests an additional 10% ofthe MILES devices, including batteries,as spares".

** Each controller is provided with a

control gun and a green key.

*'1 . MILES INFANTRY EQUIPMENT

- Small Arms Transmitters

Formal procedures are used for issuingtransmitters (designated site,supervision, sub-hand receipts, etc.).

M60 and M16 weapons have blank firing9daptor , (BFA -)

** All personnel verify M16 boresightsby firing at the Small Arms AlignmentFixture (SAAF) from 50-100 meters.

Soldiers adjust, under close

supervision, M16 sights to aligntransmitters.

M60 machine guns are aligned withtransmitters by firing at a SAAF.

** M2 machine guns are aligned withtransmitters by firing at a MILES

S. detector down range.ra.e

- Anti-Armor Transmitters

Y N NE 0S A

** Weapons are checked by examining loadwindows and inspecting for cracks in body.

** Weapons are set for anti-tank weapons effectsignature simulator (ATWESS) fire whenfired at a MILES detector down range.

- Man-Worn Laser Detectors (MWLDs)

Formal procedures are used for issuingMWLDs (designated site, supervision,sub-hand receipts, etc.)

Each weapon key is secured with a lanyard.

** Controllers assemble soldiers and testeach MWLD with a control gun beforeeach exercise.

Non-working MWLDs are checked forbatteries, installation, connectors etc.

** Torso or head harnesses with more thanone bad detector are exchanged beforethe exercise.

Inoperable MWLDs are tagged beforebeing exchanged.

** Soldiers do not war inoperable MWLDsint(, t~h,- lane.

-7

W. W

* MILES ARMOR EQUIPMENT

- Transmitters

Y N NE 0S A

•* M85 machine guns are aligned withtransmitters by firing at a MILESdetector down range.

• * Tank main guns have a working Hoffmandevice.

• * Tank main guns are aligned withtransmitters.

Non-working transmitters are checked forbatteries, connectors, headspace etc.

Inoperable transmitters are tagged beforeAbeing exchanged.

•** Soldiers and vehicles do not carryinoperable transmitters into the lane.

N ~~~~---- ------ -- _ _-- ---- .-- -

- Vehicular Detector Systems

Formal procedures are used to issuevehicular detector systems (designatedsite, supervision, sub-hand receipts etc).

• * Controllers assemble vehicles and testdetectors with a control gun beforeeach exercise.

-8-

Y N NE 0S A

An Electronic System Test Set (ESTS) ison-site for trouble shooting MILESvehicular equipment.

Non-working vehicle systems are checkedfor loose cables, installation etc.

** All belts with more than one bad detectorare replaced before the exercise.

Inoperable equipment is tagged beforebeing exchanged.

** Vehicles do not carry inoperabledetector equipment into the lane.

* SPARE EQUIPMENT

Controllers have spare:

MILES transmitter and detectorgear,

batteries,

tags for inoperable/broken MTLES equipment.

9 . .

* RADIOS

The following personnel have tactical radios-

Y N NE 0S A

Bn Cdr,

Co Cdrs,

Plt Ldrs,

Sqd Ldrs/TCs,

FMCC,

Fire Markers,

NCS.

Controllers have access to all tacticalnets and have a separate net for control.

Radios are operational.

PREPARE TRAINING AREA

* MINIMIZE TRAINING DISTRACTORS

The unit signs for the equipment severald.ays before movinp to the field.

-10-

*1 * I.

Y N NE 0S A

Precautions are taken for weatherconditions.

MILES and related equipment and vehiclesarrive on time.

Personnel arrive on time.

Field mess activities are timely and notdisruptive.

The area for installing and testing MILESequipment is large enough for allpersonnel and equipment.

* REFERENCE MATERIALS

Training documents are available on sitefor commanders and controllers (see listscontained within Appendix A references).

* TERRAIN

Training areas allow units to be isolatedL to avoid stray laser rounds from one area

disrupting the training in another.---- -- - - - - - - -

91~~ 1 -MJ

Y N NE 0S A

The senior controller and the OPFORcontroller perform a reconnaissance of thesite to select a training lane meeting thetraining objectives.

PREPARE SOLDIERS

* SAFETY

Controllers inform all personnel about:

Laser transmitter eye safety,

ATWESS and Hoffman cartridges backblastsafety,

Blank ammo and BFA safety,

Simulator safety.

* TRAINING OBJECTIVES

The Cdr briefs all participants on the following.

Training objectives are given to unitmembers and controllers and include adescription of the skills to be mastered.

Training objectives are either from or asin the ARTEP T&EOs; tasks, conditions andstandards are stated for each

- 12 -

* RULES OF ENGAGEMENT

Controllers tell the rules of engagementto all participants.

Y N NEQS A

Every weapon firing must produce asimulated signature.

Laser detectors on personnel, weapons,and vehicles MUST be properly worn/mounted,unobscured, and operative.

Indirect fire casualties from artillery,claymore mines and grenades will beassessed by controllers.

"Killed" players will remove their helmets,

remain still, and not assist other players.

"Killed" vehicl1 will remain in pieceand not assist other players.

The penalties that will be assessed forviolating the rules of engagement.

* MEDICS

When medics participate as players:

Medics are identifiable by an armband. I

Medics wear a MWLD,

13

*~d' ~ %

Y N NE 0 /S A

A medical evaluator evaluates medics duringthe exercise.

1

- 14 -

CHAPTER 3

MONITORING MILES-SUPPORTED EXERCISES

9ONTBQL T _EXERCISE

* GENERAL CONTROLLER ACTIVITIES

Y N NE 0S A

Act as the next higher command and givethe unit leader his tactical order.

Determine if the orders issued by unitleaders agree with that previouslyissued to them.

Inform other controllers of the unit'slocation, direction of movement and intent

Listen to tactical nets to collectinformation.

Remain tactical and neutral.

Enforce the rules of engagement.

Assess casualties for indirect fire andand grenades.

Enforce safety requirements.

15 -

* .~.. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .

o EXERCISE TERMINATION

The senior controller terminates the exercise when:

Y N NE 0S A

Training objectives have been accomplished

Units become hopelessly bogged down,

Units are lost and cannot be quicklyreoriented,

Casualties reach a point where theunit cannot be expected to accomplishits mission.

COLLECT DATA FOR FEEDBACK

* DATA CoLLECTION

Controllers record information for theAfter-Action Review (AAR), rather thantrying to remember several hours later.Performance checklists, based on thetraining objectives, are used to recordinformation on:

Routes of travel by time and location,

Significant weapon firings,

Significant radio communications,

Casualties cr inn press in caus:.-d by

16

Y N NE /SA

Critical events - events that influencethe mission's outcome

- 17

CHAPTER 4

REVIEWING MILES-SUPPORTED TRAINING: AFTER-ACTION REVIEWS

ORGANIZE INFORMATION COLLECTED

Y N NE 0S A

After the exercise, controllers entervehicles to record codes on ControlInterface Assemblies (CIAs) and LoaderControl Assemblies (LCAs).

Controllers check all MILES devices foroperability to insure reporting andreplacement of inoperable equipment.

Prep.3ring and conducting an AAR requires up to40 percent of the time allocated for eachtraining exercise.

The senior controller debriefs the othercontrollers immediately after an exercise todetermine the total sequence of events. This isa major part of preparing for a good AAR.Controllers' notes made during theexercise answer the following points.

Initial activity after issue of OPORD I(e.g., communication of OPORD, AAsecurity, planning)

. . . . . -" ------------- ---. ------- ---- ---- -- -------- --

Y N NE 0

S A

The first detection/contact and reactionto it (e.g., get down, maneuver, fire),

----- ----------------------------------V.

*Reports of detection/contact passed backto leaders,

FRAG order(s),

Events during engagement,

S.......--------- --- I--

9. Final resu ts of engagement.

PRESENT FEEDBACK

The AAh ieedback session ib conducted assoon as possible after the training event.

The feedback session location shouldallow the players to see where themajority of action/critical events tookplace during the exercise.

" A terrain model is used, especially if thefeedback session cannot be conductedwhere the location of all major events

-'. can be observed.

All OPFOR and BLUEFOR exercise players areassembled in separate groups andseated facing each other.

'0

Y N NEQ0S A

The senior controller positions himself sothat he can be seen and heard by all theparticipants.---

The senior controller asks the troops"leading questions", rather thanlecturing. He encourages unit members todescribe what happened in their own words.

Ridicule is not used.

The controller guides the discussion to:

Provide detailed examination only ofevents directly related to major trainingobjective(s)

Relate tactical events to their subsequentresults

Reveal shortcomings and insure thatalternative courses of action are explored

Cut off unit members' excuses forinappropriate tactical action

4''

.. .. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . ... . . ..

.4,.

The AAR follows this format.

Y N NE 0S A

The senior controller gives a briefreview of the training objective(s).

The OPFOR leader states his mission andpresents his initial plan.

The BLUEFOR leader states his mission andpresents his initial plan.

All players describe the events followingthe issue of the OPORD.

All players describe how the firstdetection/contact was made and theirreactions to it.

Leaders describe FRAG3s and review the majorevent (e.g., final assault).

Feedback covers successful as well asunsuccessful actions.

The senior controller summarizes eventsand final results with respect to thetraining objective(s).

Troops are allowed to rate themselves(give themselves a "go' or "no-go').

- 22

Y N NE 0S A

The AAR emphasis shifts to collectivetasks after unit members are satisfactorilypreforming lower level tasks.

In the final AAR step, the controllerdescribes clear and precise trainingobjectives for the following exercise.

The AAR is completed within 20-30 min.

If no immediate repetition or corrective trainingis scheduled, the senior controller explainsactions the soldiers should take to minimizeforgetting (e.g., discussion of actions and events amongunit members).

- 23

REFERENCES

Department of the Army. (1983). Instructor's MILES Controller Training Guide

(GTA 25-6-1A). Fort Eustis, VA: U. S. Army Training Support Center.

Department of the Army. (1983). Instructor's MILES Infantry Systems Training

Guide (GTA 25-6-iB). Fort Eustis, VA: U. S. Army Training Support

Center.

Department of the Army. (1983). Instructor's MILES Tank System Training

Guide (GTA 25-6-1C). Fort Eustis, VA: U. S. Army Training Support

Center.

Department of the Army. (1984). Training in Units (FM 25-3). Washington,

-V DC: Headquarters, Department of the Army.

Word, COL Larry. (in preparation). Observations from Three Years at the

National Training Center (ARI Special Report). Alexandria, VA: U. S.

Army Research Institute.

25

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