multipliers in measuring economic impacts
TRANSCRIPT
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California Economic Strategy Panel 2009
Using Multipliers to Measure Economic Impacts
Industry multipliers are valuable for measuring the broad impacts of economicdevelopment activity. Multipliers can be used to estimate, for example, how a newmanufacturing plant can create total jobs and income that exceed the plant payroll.
Conversely, they can also be used to estimate the job and income losses occurringthroughout a community as a result of a plant closure. Multipliers provide valuableinformation even when no expansions or closures occur, because the size of themultiplier indicates the relationship of an industry to the economy.
What is a Multiplier?
A multiplier shows the additional (or indirect) change to theeconomy resulting from each change in a selected industry. Forexample, the direct effect employment multiplier (benchmark
series) for the California construction industry is 2.3051. Thismeans that each construction industry job supports another 1.3051
jobs statewide. A multiplier is always greater than one, becausethe one represents the original level in the selected industry.Multipliers are available for the entire state, as shown in theattached table, or for sub-state areas such as counties.
What Affects the Size of a Multiplier?
Multipliers can vary widely by industry and area. Multipliers arehigher for regions with a diverse industry mix. Industries that
make extensive use of materials from within California have higher statewidemultipliers. Industries that buy most of their material from outside the state tend tohave lower multipliers. The same is true in the case of multipliers for counties or othersub-state areas.
Multipliers tend to be higher for industries located in large urban areas, because moreof the spending by the industry stays within the area. Smaller, rural areas generallyhave lower multipliers, because industries must use firms outside the area for suppliesand services. Multipliers for the entire state are larger than sub-state multipliers,because the initial gains (or losses) in an industry are magnified over a largergeographic area.
Limitations of Multipliers
Multipliers do not always measure indirect economic impacts correctly. This situation isthe result of assumptions about the flow of goods and services that are made when
multipliers are developed.
The most important assumption is that trading patterns are fixed. That is, each industrybuys supplies from local and outside industries in fixed proportions, and production bysuppliers automatically changes with production in the purchasing industry. It followsfrom this assumption that multipliers will estimate impacts realistically only if new firmsbuy from local industries in the same proportion as existing firms in the area. Moreover,local industries must be able to increase their production to supply the new firm. Theseconditions are rarely met completely. As a result, multipliers usually overstate indirectimpacts.
This briefing
paper discusses
the benefits andlimitations of
using industrymultipliers to
measure
economicimpacts. It is a
companion tothe attachedtables, which
provide RIMSIIMultipliers for
the State ofCalifornia.
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Using Multipliers to Measure Economic Impacts
California Economic Strategy Panel 2009
Multipliers should only be applied to projects that are a genuine source of net neweconomic activity in an area. Incoming firms are not always a net new source ofeconomic activity, because they can take business away from existing firms. New retailor entertainment developments create indirect economic impacts only if they capturespending that formerly left the area, or if they attract new spending from outside thearea. Multipliers should be used with particular caution in two cases: industries
processing local materials and plant closures.
Industries Processing Local Materials: There is not always a fixed relationshipbetween production and processing industries. For example, if a new food processingplant opens, agricultural production may not be able to automatically increase to supplythe plant. Similarly, farm production does not always fall when a food processing plantcloses. Previously processed fruits and vegetables may be purchased as fresh productsby consumers. Due to the often-varying relationship between industries, the indirecteconomic impacts indicated by multipliers may not occur.
Plant Closures: Multipliers usually overstate the impact of plant closures. Theassumption of fixed trading patterns implies that suppliers always cut production and
layoff workers in direct proportion to their loss in sales to the closed plant. In reality,businesses are always adapting to changing economic conditions. Suppliers may findnew markets, or growth within an area may create new opportunities for suppliers. As aresult, a multiplier may provide the upper limit on indirect impacts, rather than areasonable estimate of the impacts.
The Multipliers
The following tables contain regional input-output multipliers (RIMS II) for California.These multipliers were developed by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis andmeasure the economic impact of a change in final demand, in earnings, or inemployment on a regions economy. RIMS II multipliers are available in two series
one based on more recent but less detailed national annual input-output data, the otherbased on more detailed but less current national benchmark input-output data.
Table 1 contains California Annual Series (2006/2006) RIMS II multipliers forOutput, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Industry Aggregation for 60industry aggregations. The multipliers are based on 2006 national annual input-outputdata and 2006 regional data.
Table 2 contains California Benchmark Series (1997/2006) RIMS II multipliersfor 473 detailed industries. The multipliers are based on 1997 national benchmarkinput-output data and 2006 regional data.
Table 3 contains California Benchmark Series 1997/2006) RIMS II multipliers forthe same 60 aggregated industries that are provided in the annual series.
For more information on these multipliers, and a User Handbook, seewww.bea.gov/bea/regional/rims/.
http://www.bea.gov/glossary/glossary_a.htm#Annual_input_output_accountshttp://www.bea.gov/glossary/glossary_a.htm#Annual_input_output_accounts -
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NOTE.--Multipliers are based on the 2006 Annual Input-Output Table for the Nation and 2006 regional data. Industry List B identifies the industries corresponding to theentries.SOURCE.--Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), Regional Product Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
6. Each entry in column 6 represents the total change in number of jobs in all industries for each additional job in the industry corresponding to the entry.
5. Each entry in column 5 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar of earnings paid directly tohouseholds employed by the industry corresponding to the entry.
4. Each entry in column 4 represents the total dollar change in value added that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered to final demand bythe industry corresponding to the entry.
delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry. Because the employment multipliers are based on 2006 data, the output delivered to final demandshould be in 2006 dollars.
3. Each entry in column 3 represents the total change in number of jobs that occurs in all industries for each additional 1 million dollars of output
2. Each entry in column 2 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered to finaldemand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
1. Each entry in column 1 represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered to final demand by theindustry corresponding to the entry.
*Includes Government enterprises.Region Definition: California
RIMS II Multipliers (2006/2006)Table 1 Total Multipliers for Output, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Industry Aggregation
California Annual (Type II)
INDUSTRY
Multiplier
Final Demand Direct Effect
Output/1/(dollars)
Earnings/2/(dollars)
Employment/3/(jobs)
Value-added/4/(dollars)
Earnings/5/(dollars)
Employment/6/(jobs)
1. Crop and animal production 2.0309 0.4688 17.6643 0.9198 2.5357 1.8006
2. Forestry, fishing, and related activities 2.3323 0.9158 33.0030 1.1941 1.7186 1.4495
3. Oil and gas extraction 1.8605 0.4703 7.0889 1.1049 1.9665 4.1473
4. Mining, except oil and gas 1.8706 0.4785 9.0682 1.0715 1.9686 2.5688
5. Support activities for mining 2.0270 0.4597 9.0909 1.0831 2.7940 3.4971
6. Utilities* 1.7054 0.3163 4.9980 0.9999 2.3950 4.2710
7. Construction 2.4645 0.7983 19.0236 1.3053 2.0840 2.2267
8. Wood product manufacturing 2.1108 0.5309 14.0009 0.9381 2.5644 2.4798
9. Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing 2.1841 0.5486 11.6844 1.0841 2.4934 2.8993
10. Primary metal manufacturing 1.8250 0.3781 7.7721 0.7187 2.5239 3.1441
11. Fabricated metal product manufacturing 2.1044 0.5501 12.4204 1.0180 2.2515 2.3797
12. Machinery manufacturing 2.2373 0.5761 11.3730 1.0611 2.5258 3.3775
13. Computer and electronic product manufacturing 2.5177 0.7433 13.0324 1.1990 2.4750 4.3314
14. Electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing 2.1132 0.5375 11.2838 0.9905 2.4136 2.7809
15. Motor vehicle, body, trailer, and parts manufacturing 1.9864 0.4282 9.2048 0.7194 2.8109 3.3765
16. Other transportation equipment manufacturing 2.2606 0.7183 12.5708 1.1421 2.0212 3.0714
17. Furniture and related product manufacturing 2.2758 0.6086 15.5691 1.0647 2.4250 2.2497
18. Miscellaneous manufacturing 2.3200 0.7048 13.7326 1.1856 2.1504 2.8276
19. Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing 2.4002 0.5202 12.3684 0.9765 3.7524 4.0669
20. Textile and textile product mills 2.1197 0.5345 14.0549 0.8838 2.4318 2.1851
21. Apparel, leather, and allied product manufacturing 2.3098 0.7331 20.7517 1.2257 2.0695 1.8877
22. Paper manufacturing 2.0024 0.4601 9.7972 0.8615 2.5965 3.0463
23. Printing and related support activities 2.2214 0.6731 15.3066 1.1411 2.0514 2.1787
24. Petroleum and coal products manufacturing 1.7388 0.3106 4.7243 0.5611 2.6014 5.7377
25. Chemical manufacturing 2.1850 0.4776 8.8763 0.9639 3.1683 5.4730
26. Plastics and rubber products manufacturing 1.9938 0.4413 10.1806 0.8717 2.5705 2.5464
27. Wholesale trade 2.1763 0.6684 13.8116 1.3260 2.0137 2.5341
28. Retail trade 2.2421 0.6821 22.1106 1.3356 2.0269 1.6312
29. Air transportation 2.3720 0.5949 12.6718 1.0630 2.8292 4.0910
30. Rail transportation 2.0361 0.5124 9.9782 1.1509 2.3790 3.4161
31. Water transportation 2.4870 0.5775 12.2706 1.1118 4.8026 7.5872
32. Truck transportation 2.3873 0.6970 16.7928 1.2219 2.2745 2.2837
33. Transit and ground passenger transportation* 2.4828 0.8052 29.5060 1.2754 2.0205 1.5060
34. Pipeline transportation 2.1374 0.4268 8.0141 0.9359 3.7238 6.7385
35. Other transportation and support activities* 2.2603 0.8569 18.7258 1.4777 1.7112 1.9416
36. Warehousing and storage 2.2346 0.8291 21.9884 1.4611 1.6619 1.6439
37. Publishing including software 2.3547 0.6485 13.1040 1.2959 2.5017 3.6778
38. Motion picture and sound recording industries 2.7054 0.7212 16.9571 1.3906 2.8931 3.0853
39. Broadcasting and telecommunications 2.4053 0.5151 10.3868 1.2148 3.6090 5.4637
40. Information and data processing services 2.5789 0.6140 13.8126 1.3179 3.6926 4.9107
41. Federal Reserve banks, credit intermediation and relatedservices 1.8917 0.5165 10.1409 1.2780 2.0241 2.6741
42. Securities, commodity contracts, investments 2.6777 0.9413 16.8852 1.4771 2.1336 3.1359
(Continued)
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NOTE.--Multipliers are based on the 2006 Annual Input-Output Table for the Nation and 2006 regional data. Industry List B identifies the industries corresponding to theentries.SOURCE.--Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), Regional Product Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
6. Each entry in column 6 represents the total change in number of jobs in all industries for each additional job in the industry corresponding to the entry.
5. Each entry in column 5 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar of earnings paid directly tohouseholds employed by the industry corresponding to the entry.
4. Each entry in column 4 represents the total dollar change in value added that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered to final demand bythe industry corresponding to the entry.
delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry. Because the employment multipliers are based on 2006 data, the output delivered to final demandshould be in 2006 dollars.
3. Each entry in column 3 represents the total change in number of jobs that occurs in all industries for each additional 1 million dollars of output
2. Each entry in column 2 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered to finaldemand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
1. Each entry in column 1 represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered to final demand by theindustry corresponding to the entry.
*Includes Government enterprises.Region Definition: California
RIMS II Multipliers (2006/2006)Table 1 Total Multipliers for Output, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Industry Aggregation
California Annual (Type II)
INDUSTRY
Multiplier
Final Demand Direct Effect
Output/1/(dollars)
Earnings/2/(dollars)
Employment/3/(jobs)
Value-added/4/(dollars)
Earnings/5/(dollars)
Employment/6/(jobs)
43. Insurance carriers and related activities 2.6365 0.7329 14.3985 1.3188 2.6645 3.3831
44. Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles 3.0174 0.8741 15.1873 1.3608 4.2536 7.5506
45. Real estate 1.7152 0.2727 7.9849 1.1116 3.6844 2.6446
46. Rental and leasing services and lessors of intangibleassets 2.3688 0.5525 13.2182 1.1955 3.7565 3.8320
47. Professional, scientific, and technical services 2.4986 0.8871 18.3273 1.4769 1.9413 2.5108
48. Management of companies and enterprises 2.4675 0.8086 14.7589 1.4348 1.9853 2.9658
49. Administrative and support services 2.4139 0.8123 25.5214 1.4197 1.9885 1.6909
50. Waste management and remediation services 2.3112 0.6185 13.8197 1.1788 2.3517 2.6867
51. Educational services 2.5387 0.8726 27.5776 1.4649 1.9019 1.6470
52. Ambulatory health care services 2.4132 0.8665 18.6950 1.4679 1.8490 2.1962
53. Hospitals and nursing and residential care facilities 2.5776 0.8799 21.7163 1.4364 1.9892 2.0613
54. Social assistance 2.4537 0.8429 35.2776 1.4161 1.8905 1.4024
55. Performing arts, museums, and related activities 2.5183 0.9072 29.4181 1.5534 2.0111 1.7685
56. Amusements, gambling, and recreation 2.2230 0.6585 23.7123 1.3276 2.0294 1.5495
57. Accommodation 2.2289 0.6423 19.0580 1.3064 2.1456 1.8377
58. Food services and drinking places 2.3429 0.6409 27.1993 1.2195 2.1943 1.4797
59. Other services* 2.4281 0.6939 20.4144 1.2851 2.3563 1.9453
60. Households 1.6331 0.4561 12.2834 0.9190 0.0000 0.0000
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NOTE.--Multipliers are based on the 1997 Benchmark Input-Output Table for the Nation and 2006 regional data. Industry List A identifies theindustries corresponding to the entries.SOURCE.--Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), Regional Product Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
6. Each entry in column 6 represents the total change in number of jobs in all industries for each additional job in the industry corresponding tothe entry.
5. Each entry in column 5 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofearnings paid directly to households employed by the industry corresponding to the entry.
4. Each entry in column 4 represents the total dollar change in value added that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of outputdelivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry. Because the employment multipliers are based on 2006 data, the outputdelivered to final demand should be in 2006 dollars.
3. Each entry in column 3 represents the total change in number of jobs that occurs in all industries for each additional 1 million dollars of output
2. Each entry in column 2 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofoutput delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
1. Each entry in column 1 represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered tofinal demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
*Includes Government enterprises.Region Definition: California
NOTE.--Multipliers are based on the 1997 Benchmark Input-Output Table for the Nation and 2006 regional data. Industry List A identifies theindustries corresponding to the entries.SOURCE.--Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), Regional Product Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
6. Each entry in column 6 represents the total change in number of jobs in all industries for each additional job in the industry corresponding tothe entry.
5. Each entry in column 5 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofearnings paid directly to households employed by the industry corresponding to the entry.
4. Each entry in column 4 represents the total dollar change in value added that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of outputdelivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry. Because the employment multipliers are based on 2006 data, the outputdelivered to final demand should be in 2006 dollars.
3. Each entry in column 3 represents the total change in number of jobs that occurs in all industries for each additional 1 million dollars of output
2. Each entry in column 2 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofoutput delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
1. Each entry in column 1 represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered tofinal demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
*Includes Government enterprises.Region Definition: California
RIMS II Multipliers (1997/2006)Table 2 Total Multipliers for Output, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Detailed Industry
California Benchmark (Type II)
INDUSTRY
Multiplier
Final Demand Direct Effect
Output/1/(dollars)
Earnings/2/(dollars)
Employment/3/(jobs)
Value-added/4/(dollars)
Earnings/5/(dollars)
Employment/6/(jobs)
1111A0 Oilseed farming 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1111B0 Grain farming 1.9427 0.3392 11.3099 0.9384 3.3391 2.2787
111200 Vegetable and melon farming 1.9246 0.4230 15.3917 1.1245 2.4270 1.8086
1113A0 Fruit farming 2.1294 0.5407 22.1110 1.1317 2.3673 1.6463
111335 Tree nut farming 2.1142 0.5581 20.8052 1.2019 2.2569 1.7286
111400 Greenhouse and nursery production 1.8512 0.5246 21.3346 1.2473 1.8224 1.4519
111910 Tobacco farming 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
111920 Cotton farming 2.3153 0.4983 17.6056 1.0791 3.6504 2.4676
1119A0 Sugarcane and sugar beet farming 2.2416 0.4844 17.3692 1.0510 2.9152 1.9583
1119B0 All other crop farming 1.9976 0.3555 12.2929 1.0022 3.3179 2.1801
112100 Cattle ranching and farming 2.6086 0.4467 15.2726 0.8829 4.3970 2.9277
112300 Poultry and egg production 2.1264 0.3615 10.5563 0.8192 3.5408 2.4077
112A00 Animal production, except cattle and poultry andeggs 2.4049 0.4118 13.4308 0.8095 4.0537 2.6296
113A00 Forest nurseries, forest products, and timber tracts 2.2170 0.4906 15.9869 1.1387 4.8639 4.9141
113300 Logging 1.7284 0.3690 10.1360 0.9278 2.1448 2.1466
114100 Fishing 2.2269 0.6253 23.5190 1.2610 2.2671 1.5740
114200 Hunting and trapping 1.9752 0.4084 20.5502 1.0358 4.0536 1.9798
115000 Agriculture and forestry support activities 2.3322 0.8056 28.4256 1.2894 1.8896 1.5477
211000 Oil and gas extraction 2.0455 0.4439 6.9147 1.0845 2.4777 5.3998
212100 Coal mining 1.9279 0.4796 11.1128 1.0069 2.3008 2.4361
212210 Iron ore mining 2.0517 0.5500 9.3424 0.9393 2.1972 3.6654
212230 Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc mining 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2122A0 Gold, silver, and other metal ore mining 1.9859 0.5298 9.6400 1.0369 2.1524 3.3236
212310 Stone mining and quarrying 2.0710 0.5698 11.4551 1.1592 2.2163 2.9162
212320 Sand, gravel, clay, and refractory mining 2.0365 0.5689 10.9056 1.1855 2.0670 2.7683
212390 Other nonmetallic mineral mining 2.0222 0.4941 9.7034 1.0747 2.4312 3.2934
213111 Drilling oil and gas wells 2.3303 0.6235 12.6577 1.1880 2.9549 3.8605
213112 Support activities for oil and gas operations 2.4521 0.7722 15.1709 1.3174 2.4094 2.9867
21311A Support activities for other mining 2.4170 0.7213 16.5809 1.2280 2.6695 3.2557
2211A0 Power generation and supply 1.7824 0.4170 7.1909 1.0784 2.1641 4.2079
221200 Natural gas distribution 2.0203 0.3924 6.5618 0.8884 2.9720 5.9321
221300 Water, sewage and other systems 2.0846 0.5736 11.8520 1.2745 2.2950 3.1001
230000 Construction 2.5113 0.8152 19.5738 1.3139 2.1532 2.3179
311111 Dog and cat food manufacturing 1.9427 0.3406 7.1274 0.6819 3.3538 4.6692
311119 Other animal food manufacturing 2.1155 0.3786 8.4746 0.6871 3.7274 4.1126
311211 Flour milling 1.9921 0.3715 8.5655 0.7344 3.6574 4.1196
311212 Rice milling 2.0333 0.3828 9.0467 0.7352 3.7683 3.8894
311213 Malt manufacturing 1.9245 0.3560 8.3444 0.6915 3.5047 3.7391
311221 Wet corn milling 1.9550 0.3555 7.6897 0.7438 3.5003 4.9110
311222 Soybean processing 1.5257 0.2543 6.1145 0.3497 2.5037 2.4758(Continued)
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NOTE.--Multipliers are based on the 1997 Benchmark Input-Output Table for the Nation and 2006 regional data. Industry List A identifies theindustries corresponding to the entries.SOURCE.--Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), Regional Product Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
6. Each entry in column 6 represents the total change in number of jobs in all industries for each additional job in the industry corresponding tothe entry.
5. Each entry in column 5 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofearnings paid directly to households employed by the industry corresponding to the entry.
4. Each entry in column 4 represents the total dollar change in value added that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of outputdelivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry. Because the employment multipliers are based on 2006 data, the outputdelivered to final demand should be in 2006 dollars.
3. Each entry in column 3 represents the total change in number of jobs that occurs in all industries for each additional 1 million dollars of output
2. Each entry in column 2 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofoutput delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
1. Each entry in column 1 represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered tofinal demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
*Includes Government enterprises.Region Definition: California
RIMS II Multipliers (1997/2006)Table 2 Total Multipliers for Output, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Detailed Industry
California Benchmark (Type II)
INDUSTRY
Multiplier
Final Demand Direct Effect
Output/1/(dollars)
Earnings/2/(dollars)
Employment/3/(jobs)
Value-added/4/(dollars)
Earnings/5/(dollars)
Employment/6/(jobs)
311223 Other oilseed processing 2.4196 0.4537 12.0084 0.8241 4.4665 6.4062
311225 Fats and oils refining and blending 1.9572 0.3348 7.3789 0.5700 3.2962 4.1347
311230 Breakfast cereal manufacturing 2.3770 0.4872 10.4420 0.9438 4.7963 6.6343
311310 Sugar manufacturing 2.1988 0.3956 9.2638 0.7691 3.8950 5.6714
311320 Confectionery manufacturing from cacao beans 2.1304 0.4067 9.5171 0.9407 3.5200 4.3519
311330 Confectionery manufacturing from purchasedchocolate 2.1226 0.4153 10.2524 1.0269 3.4626 3.2898
311340 Nonchocolate confectionery manufacturing 2.0232 0.4362 9.7706 1.0363 2.8283 3.0662
311410 Frozen food manufacturing 2.2459 0.4551 11.5695 1.0245 3.6377 3.4437
311420 Fruit and vegetable canning and drying 2.2694 0.4438 10.4662 1.0168 4.0028 4.4801
311511 Fluid milk manufacturing 2.5440 0.4355 11.1211 0.8304 4.2401 5.9972
311512 Creamery butter manufacturing 3.0141 0.5230 13.6299 0.8929 5.1490 4.7557
311513 Cheese manufacturing 2.8447 0.4844 12.5103 0.8547 4.7691 6.1034
311514 Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy products 2.2292 0.3847 8.9287 0.9236 3.7876 5.6075
311520 Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing 2.3121 0.4425 10.2836 0.9609 3.6431 4.0232
311611 Animal, except poultry, slaughtering 2.2376 0.3620 10.5611 0.6152 3.5637 3.7187
311612 Meat processed from carcasses 2.0552 0.3780 9.3165 0.6896 3.3860 3.4128
311613 Rendering and meat byproduct processing 2.0122 0.3736 8.3417 0.8901 3.1633 3.5731
311615 Poultry processing 2.1576 0.4284 11.1009 0.7544 3.1305 2.7939
311700 Seafood product preparation and packaging 2.0403 0.4578 11.3407 0.7677 3.0836 2.8109
31181A Bread and bakery product, except frozen,manufacturing 2.0727 0.5541 14.7064 1.1486 2.1322 1.9528
311813 Frozen cakes and other pastries manufacturing 2.3631 0.5379 13.0127 1.0823 3.1266 2.8921
311821 Cookie and cracker manufacturing 2.0709 0.4521 10.9665 1.0725 2.8219 2.6163
311822 Mixes and dough made from purchased flour 2.0535 0.3737 8.0065 0.9175 3.4169 4.2772
311823 Dry pasta manufacturing 1.9661 0.3678 8.8791 0.9944 3.4155 3.0411
311830 Tortilla manufacturing 2.1303 0.5219 14.2221 1.0601 2.3685 2.0122
311911 Roasted nuts and peanut butter manufacturing 2.4824 0.4801 13.8475 1.0949 4.7267 5.3058
311919 Other snack food manufacturing 2.0584 0.4143 9.4828 1.0215 3.2733 3.7784311920 Coffee and tea manufacturing 2.5926 0.5419 13.3756 1.0236 5.3353 7.2747
311930 Flavoring syrup and concentrate manufacturing 1.5449 0.2487 4.9854 0.9544 2.4486 3.6154
311941 Mayonnaise, dressing, and sauce manufacturing 2.0988 0.3840 8.8159 0.9160 3.7811 3.8837
311942 Spice and extract manufacturing 2.1041 0.4286 9.8890 1.0956 3.4291 4.8636
311990 All other food manufacturing 2.2576 0.4738 11.8757 0.9569 3.2688 3.2825
312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing 2.1439 0.3886 8.0030 0.8610 3.7814 5.2555
312120 Breweries 1.9186 0.3450 6.6976 1.0256 3.3898 5.7700
312130 Wineries 2.2519 0.4444 10.7546 1.0195 4.1010 4.5692
312140 Distilleries 1.6830 0.2919 5.6142 1.0541 2.8681 4.4975
312210 Tobacco stemming and redrying 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
312221 Cigarette manufacturing 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
312229 Other tobacco product manufacturing 1.6031 0.2821 6.6949 0.9861 2.7716 2.5166
(Continued)
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7/19
NOTE.--Multipliers are based on the 1997 Benchmark Input-Output Table for the Nation and 2006 regional data. Industry List A identifies theindustries corresponding to the entries.SOURCE.--Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), Regional Product Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
6. Each entry in column 6 represents the total change in number of jobs in all industries for each additional job in the industry corresponding tothe entry.
5. Each entry in column 5 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofearnings paid directly to households employed by the industry corresponding to the entry.
4. Each entry in column 4 represents the total dollar change in value added that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of outputdelivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry. Because the employment multipliers are based on 2006 data, the outputdelivered to final demand should be in 2006 dollars.
3. Each entry in column 3 represents the total change in number of jobs that occurs in all industries for each additional 1 million dollars of output
2. Each entry in column 2 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofoutput delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
1. Each entry in column 1 represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered tofinal demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
*Includes Government enterprises.Region Definition: California
RIMS II Multipliers (1997/2006)Table 2 Total Multipliers for Output, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Detailed Industry
California Benchmark (Type II)
INDUSTRY
Multiplier
Final Demand Direct Effect
Output/1/(dollars)
Earnings/2/(dollars)
Employment/3/(jobs)
Value-added/4/(dollars)
Earnings/5/(dollars)
Employment/6/(jobs)
313100 Fiber, yarn, and thread mills 2.0786 0.4388 13.1898 0.8000 2.9029 2.4152
313210 Broadwoven fabric mills 2.1156 0.4963 12.8913 0.8779 2.5713 2.5409
313220 Narrow fabric mills and schiffli embroidery 2.0286 0.5812 14.5961 1.0176 2.0754 2.0160
313230 Nonwoven fabric mills 1.9205 0.4107 9.4564 0.8258 2.5547 2.7393
313240 Knit fabric mills 1.9561 0.4488 12.7678 0.7879 2.4083 2.0444
313310 Textile and fabric finishing mills 2.1131 0.4629 12.6595 0.7880 2.8513 2.4289
313320 Fabric coating mills 2.0085 0.4535 9.9445 0.9373 2.5669 3.0580
314110 Carpet and rug mills 1.7331 0.3239 7.8763 0.6939 2.6518 2.7061
314120 Curtain and linen mills 1.9154 0.4236 11.7426 0.8601 2.4609 2.1376
314910 Textile bag and canvas mills 2.2537 0.6309 15.5689 1.0530 2.2257 2.2141
314992 Tire cord and tire fabric mills 1.6882 0.3464 8.8167 0.6856 2.3084 2.1695
31499A Other miscellaneous textile product mills 2.0941 0.5425 14.6923 0.9359 2.2994 2.0588
315111 Sheer hosiery mills 1.8789 0.4788 14.4787 0.8432 2.1327 1.7363
315119 Other hosiery and sock mills 1.9491 0.5054 11.7787 0.8684 2.1737 2.2947
315190 Other apparel knitting mills 2.0905 0.5065 13.2637 0.8760 2.3832 2.2984
315200 Cut and sew apparel manufacturing 2.2404 0.5232 14.4462 1.0161 2.7959 2.4396
315900 Accessories and other apparel manufacturing 2.1825 0.5660 14.6470 1.0402 2.3825 2.2519
316100 Leather and hide tanning and finishing 1.9489 0.3642 8.0759 0.6802 2.8061 3.3375
316200 Footwear manufacturing 2.2314 0.5642 14.7394 0.9820 2.6419 2.2671
316900 Other leather product manufacturing 1.9325 0.4689 12.7123 1.0207 2.2592 1.9584
321113 Sawmills 1.9095 0.3755 9.4617 0.7452 2.7416 2.7894
321114 Wood preservation 2.0955 0.3844 9.9526 0.6829 3.7886 3.1302
32121A Veneer and plywood manufacturing 1.9409 0.4321 11.5096 0.7990 2.4375 2.2204
32121B Engineered wood member and truss manufacturing 2.0605 0.4932 12.7255 0.9443 2.3915 2.2459
321219 Reconstituted wood product manufacturing 1.9162 0.4016 9.2897 0.8630 2.5172 2.6849
321911 Wood windows and door manufacturing 2.1510 0.5250 13.1311 0.9846 2.4847 2.4000
321912 Cut stock, resawing lumber, and planing 2.0773 0.4443 11.7643 0.8175 2.7677 2.4335
321918 Other millwork, including flooring 2.1844 0.5193 13.2044 0.9120 2.5646 2.4159
321920 Wood container and pallet manufacturing 2.1183 0.5285 15.1194 0.9478 2.3347 1.9777
321991 Manufactured home, mobile home, manufacturing 2.0838 0.4779 11.8647 0.9271 2.5737 2.4766
321992 Prefabricated wood building manufacturing 2.2318 0.5400 13.3815 0.9551 2.6534 2.5737
321999 Miscellaneous wood product manufacturing 2.1404 0.5647 15.3221 1.0282 2.2731 2.0280
322110 Pulp mills 2.1260 0.4776 9.7494 0.8945 2.7803 4.0097
3221A0 Paper and paperboard mills 1.9430 0.4004 8.2715 0.8729 2.8371 3.7384
322210 Paperboard container manufacturing 1.8719 0.4325 9.0879 0.7785 2.3502 2.7664
32222A Coated and laminated paper and packaging materials 1.9411 0.4000 8.5421 0.8775 2.9165 3.4441
32222B Coated and uncoated paper bag manufacturing 2.0231 0.4723 10.7166 0.8705 2.6434 2.7011
322225 Flexible packaging foil manufacturing 2.1781 0.4436 10.2409 0.8552 3.1397 3.1750
322226 Surface-coated paperboard manufacturing 1.9909 0.3934 8.9727 0.7094 3.4312 3.4536
322231 Die-cut paper office supplies manufacturing 2.0315 0.4695 10.4686 0.8773 2.7503 2.8972
322232 Envelope manufacturing 2.1711 0.5734 12.4979 0.9716 2.4373 2.6895
(Continued)
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7/27/2019 Multipliers in Measuring Economic Impacts
8/19
NOTE.--Multipliers are based on the 1997 Benchmark Input-Output Table for the Nation and 2006 regional data. Industry List A identifies theindustries corresponding to the entries.SOURCE.--Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), Regional Product Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
6. Each entry in column 6 represents the total change in number of jobs in all industries for each additional job in the industry corresponding tothe entry.
5. Each entry in column 5 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofearnings paid directly to households employed by the industry corresponding to the entry.
4. Each entry in column 4 represents the total dollar change in value added that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of outputdelivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry. Because the employment multipliers are based on 2006 data, the outputdelivered to final demand should be in 2006 dollars.
3. Each entry in column 3 represents the total change in number of jobs that occurs in all industries for each additional 1 million dollars of output
2. Each entry in column 2 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofoutput delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
1. Each entry in column 1 represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered tofinal demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
*Includes Government enterprises.Region Definition: California
RIMS II Multipliers (1997/2006)Table 2 Total Multipliers for Output, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Detailed Industry
California Benchmark (Type II)
INDUSTRY
Multiplier
Final Demand Direct Effect
Output/1/(dollars)
Earnings/2/(dollars)
Employment/3/(jobs)
Value-added/4/(dollars)
Earnings/5/(dollars)
Employment/6/(jobs)
322233 Stationery and related product manufacturing 1.8909 0.3893 9.5982 0.8374 2.9147 2.5572
322291 Sanitary paper product manufacturing 1.8913 0.3489 7.1819 0.8104 3.3094 4.6701
322299 All other converted paper product manufacturing 1.9794 0.4766 10.8284 0.9877 2.4965 2.5788
32311A Commercial printing 2.1585 0.6092 13.9105 1.0791 2.1987 2.3380
323116 Manifold business forms printing 1.8629 0.4327 9.8183 0.9608 2.3189 2.5280
323117 Books printing 2.0775 0.5933 13.3324 1.0780 2.0942 2.2750
323118 Blankbook and looseleaf binder manufacturing 2.0979 0.5274 13.8929 0.9932 2.4778 2.2248
323121 Tradebinding and related work 2.2936 0.7713 21.8613 1.3243 1.9393 1.7294
323122 Prepress services 2.3093 0.8053 16.4232 1.3798 1.9317 2.3703
324110 Petroleum refineries 1.9811 0.3509 5.8101 0.6199 3.4558 9.0343
324121 Asphalt paving mixture and block manufacturing 2.6772 0.5627 10.1102 0.9845 4.1352 7.6941
324122 Asphalt shingle and coating materials manufacturing 2.5133 0.6771 12.4619 1.1372 2.4790 3.7749
324191 Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing 2.6489 0.6156 11.2268 1.0338 3.1530 5.0682
324199 All other petroleum and coal products manufacturing 2.3332 0.5887 12.2110 1.0253 2.4309 2.6612
325110 Petrochemical manufacturing 2.2887 0.4357 8.2982 0.8478 4.3122 7.1751
325120 Industrial gas manufacturing 1.9577 0.4142 7.3464 1.1293 3.1287 5.9852
325130 Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing 2.0679 0.4622 9.2349 0.9550 3.0982 3.8931
325180 Other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing 2.1052 0.4710 8.6727 1.0635 3.1794 5.5467
325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing 2.1704 0.4299 8.1936 0.8407 3.9599 6.7410
325211 Plastics material and resin manufacturing 2.0204 0.3735 7.3242 0.7588 3.6970 5.1585
325212 Synthetic rubber manufacturing 2.0143 0.4051 8.5991 0.8862 3.2628 3.4554
325221 Cellulosic organic fiber manufacturing 2.0624 0.5076 11.0197 1.0133 2.6806 2.8803
325222 Noncellulosic organic fiber manufacturing 2.0745 0.4628 10.4950 0.9202 3.2170 2.9999
325311 Nitrogenous fertilizer manufacturing 2.1733 0.4098 8.4010 0.9126 4.0561 4.3085
325312 Phosphatic fertilizer manufacturing 2.3816 0.4772 9.7069 0.8891 4.7234 6.9713
325314 Fertilizer, mixing only, manufacturing 2.0963 0.3923 8.2463 0.8507 3.8829 4.4847
325320 Pesticide and other agricultural chemicalmanufacturing 1.8118 0.3324 6.5134 0.9122 3.2900 4.9654
325400 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing 2.2211 0.4681 8.3133 1.1212 3.4753 7.0052
325510 Paint and coating manufacturing 1.9480 0.4010 8.0943 0.8476 2.9822 3.8660
325520 Adhesive manufacturing 2.0711 0.4385 8.3712 0.9251 3.1306 4.9136
325611 Soap and other detergent manufacturing 2.0547 0.3918 7.5941 0.9794 3.8779 6.3421
325612 Polish and other sanitation good manufacturing 2.0142 0.3965 7.7390 1.0403 3.5079 5.3810
325613 Surface active agent manufacturing 2.2698 0.4497 8.2370 0.8667 3.7791 7.2337
325620 Toilet preparation manufacturing 1.9516 0.3749 7.9368 1.0320 3.5091 4.2476
325910 Printing ink manufacturing 2.0701 0.4454 8.5928 0.8814 3.0266 4.3047
325920 Explosives manufacturing 2.1466 0.6025 11.9095 1.1685 2.0717 2.7017
325991 Custom compounding of purchased resins 1.9359 0.4051 8.9209 0.7856 2.6872 2.9382
325992 Photographic film and chemical manufacturing 1.8929 0.4283 8.7575 0.9780 2.4979 3.2157
325998 Other miscellaneous chemical product manufacturing 2.1558 0.4643 9.3485 0.9455 3.2954 4.3879
326110 Plastics packaging materials, film and sheet 1.9455 0.4150 9.4308 0.8580 2.6340 2.7494(Continued)
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9/19
NOTE.--Multipliers are based on the 1997 Benchmark Input-Output Table for the Nation and 2006 regional data. Industry List A identifies theindustries corresponding to the entries.SOURCE.--Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), Regional Product Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
6. Each entry in column 6 represents the total change in number of jobs in all industries for each additional job in the industry corresponding tothe entry.
5. Each entry in column 5 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofearnings paid directly to households employed by the industry corresponding to the entry.
4. Each entry in column 4 represents the total dollar change in value added that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of outputdelivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry. Because the employment multipliers are based on 2006 data, the outputdelivered to final demand should be in 2006 dollars.
3. Each entry in column 3 represents the total change in number of jobs that occurs in all industries for each additional 1 million dollars of output
2. Each entry in column 2 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofoutput delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
1. Each entry in column 1 represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered tofinal demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
*Includes Government enterprises.Region Definition: California
RIMS II Multipliers (1997/2006)Table 2 Total Multipliers for Output, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Detailed Industry
California Benchmark (Type II)
INDUSTRY
Multiplier
Final Demand Direct Effect
Output/1/(dollars)
Earnings/2/(dollars)
Employment/3/(jobs)
Value-added/4/(dollars)
Earnings/5/(dollars)
Employment/6/(jobs)
326120 Plastics pipe, fittings, and profile shapes 1.9793 0.4301 9.5183 0.8476 2.6517 2.8770
326130 Laminated plastics plate, sheet, and shapes 2.0481 0.4833 10.6146 0.9708 2.5764 2.8393
3261A0 Foam product manufacturing 1.9718 0.4243 10.3598 0.8761 2.6091 2.4579
326160 Plastics bottle manufacturing 1.9387 0.4105 9.6368 0.8819 2.5697 2.6323
326192 Resilient floor covering manufacturing 1.7722 0.3709 7.3490 0.9632 2.4492 3.3406
32619A Plastics plumbing fixtures and all other plasticsproducts 2.0447 0.5161 12.2868 0.9934 2.2626 2.2708
326210 Tire manufacturing 1.9376 0.4588 11.2759 0.8614 2.3143 2.2348
326220 Rubber and plastics hose and belting manufacturing 1.9847 0.4744 10.6785 0.9692 2.3878 2.6018
326290 Other rubber product manufacturing 2.0641 0.5187 12.9431 0.9892 2.3317 2.2241
327111 Vitreous china plumbing fixture manufacturing 2.0619 0.5870 13.8060 1.1982 2.0883 2.1201
327112 Vitreous china and earthenware articlesmanufacturing 2.2346 0.6895 18.0549 1.2450 2.1064 1.9135
327113 Porcelain electrical supply manufacturing 2.2763 0.6634 13.7454 1.2260 2.2829 2.8268
327121 Brick and structural clay tile manufacturing 2.1977 0.6190 13.8533 1.2020 2.2178 2.3758
327122 Ceramic wall and floor tile manufacturing 2.2293 0.6232 15.5779 1.1684 2.2783 2.1096
32712A Clay refractory and other structural clay products 2.2096 0.5462 11.8125 1.0656 2.6767 3.0623
327125 Nonclay refractory manufacturing 1.9871 0.4982 9.6452 1.0554 2.3214 3.2823
327213 Glass container manufacturing 2.1029 0.5223 10.3763 1.0826 2.4283 3.2965
32721A Glass and glass products, except glass containers 2.0320 0.5004 10.8500 1.0786 2.3954 2.7196
327310 Cement manufacturing 1.9043 0.3684 7.1596 1.0303 3.0032 4.4555
327320 Ready-mix concrete manufacturing 2.2273 0.5185 10.7514 1.0713 2.7718 3.4267
327331 Concrete block and brick manufacturing 2.2699 0.5933 12.8744 1.1811 2.4902 2.8387
327332 Concrete pipe manufacturing 2.1742 0.5666 12.0385 1.1221 2.3675 2.8326
327390 Other concrete product manufacturing 2.2177 0.6182 13.7744 1.1828 2.2540 2.4580
327410 Lime manufacturing 2.1293 0.4858 9.5515 1.0150 2.6662 3.6297
327420 Gypsum product manufacturing 1.8870 0.3670 7.6528 0.8598 2.9605 3.7682
327910 Abrasive product manufacturing 1.8943 0.4351 9.8570 1.0090 2.4042 2.6152
327991 Cut stone and stone product manufacturing 2.1969 0.6524 15.7823 1.1527 2.1547 2.1510327992 Ground or treated minerals and earths manufacturing 1.7267 0.3687 7.6614 1.0554 2.2661 2.8185
327993 Mineral wool manufacturing 1.9541 0.4634 9.7006 1.0461 2.3275 2.8269
327999 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products 2.0411 0.4869 11.1575 1.1063 2.4475 2.5254
331111 Iron and steel mills 1.9488 0.4121 8.1212 0.7765 2.8650 4.2656
331112 Ferroalloy and related product manufacturing 1.7917 0.3646 8.6008 0.8687 2.5290 2.4834
331210 Iron, steel pipe and tube from purchased steel 1.8060 0.3726 7.0895 0.7958 2.5008 3.7553
331221 Rolled steel shape manufacturing 1.9572 0.3673 7.3705 0.7021 3.3266 4.8121
331222 Steel wire drawing 1.8723 0.4105 8.5880 0.8554 2.4605 2.9667
331311 Alumina refining 1.9838 0.4100 9.5407 0.7421 2.8458 2.7882
331312 Primary aluminum production 1.8382 0.3527 7.5880 0.6695 2.7802 3.0708
331314 Secondary smelting and alloying of aluminum 1.9668 0.3787 7.7764 0.6711 3.7208 5.4261
331315 Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil manufacturing 1.9245 0.3448 7.3580 0.6328 3.3876 4.1249
(Continued)
-
7/27/2019 Multipliers in Measuring Economic Impacts
10/19
NOTE.--Multipliers are based on the 1997 Benchmark Input-Output Table for the Nation and 2006 regional data. Industry List A identifies theindustries corresponding to the entries.SOURCE.--Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), Regional Product Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
6. Each entry in column 6 represents the total change in number of jobs in all industries for each additional job in the industry corresponding tothe entry.
5. Each entry in column 5 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofearnings paid directly to households employed by the industry corresponding to the entry.
4. Each entry in column 4 represents the total dollar change in value added that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of outputdelivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry. Because the employment multipliers are based on 2006 data, the outputdelivered to final demand should be in 2006 dollars.
3. Each entry in column 3 represents the total change in number of jobs that occurs in all industries for each additional 1 million dollars of output
2. Each entry in column 2 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofoutput delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
1. Each entry in column 1 represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered tofinal demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
*Includes Government enterprises.Region Definition: California
RIMS II Multipliers (1997/2006)Table 2 Total Multipliers for Output, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Detailed Industry
California Benchmark (Type II)
INDUSTRY
Multiplier
Final Demand Direct Effect
Output/1/(dollars)
Earnings/2/(dollars)
Employment/3/(jobs)
Value-added/4/(dollars)
Earnings/5/(dollars)
Employment/6/(jobs)
331316 Aluminum extruded product manufacturing 1.9479 0.4214 8.9445 0.7356 2.4970 2.9479
331319 Other aluminum rolling and drawing 1.7741 0.3013 5.8851 0.5976 2.9598 4.5215
331411 Primary smelting and refining of copper 1.4409 0.2273 5.5063 0.3207 2.2328 2.2405
331419 Primary nonferrous metal, except copper andaluminum 1.7912 0.3537 7.1115 0.6123 2.7361 3.6491
331421 Copper rolling, drawing, and extruding 1.6538 0.3041 6.3063 0.5423 2.6368 3.3575
331422 Copper wire, except mechanical, drawing 2.0096 0.4200 8.9298 0.7348 2.9636 3.5703
331423 Secondary processing of copper 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
331491 Nonferrous metal, except copper and aluminum,shaping 1.9540 0.4187 9.0968 0.7464 2.7704 3.1980
331492 Secondary processing of other nonferrous 1.9827 0.4341 8.7324 0.7674 2.8987 4.0951
331510 Ferrous metal foundries 2.1223 0.6252 13.4816 1.0796 2.0939 2.3801
33152A Aluminum foundries 2.1652 0.6054 14.1412 0.9954 2.1867 2.2482
33152B Nonferrous foundries, except aluminum 2.1962 0.6227 13.9036 1.0785 2.2021 2.4338
332111 Iron and steel forging 1.9816 0.4924 10.8038 0.9872 2.2594 2.5392
332112 Nonferrous forging 1.9213 0.4580 9.3504 0.9879 2.2336 2.8425
332114 Custom roll forming 1.9686 0.4372 9.5313 0.8585 2.5398 2.8933
33211A All other forging and stamping 2.0766 0.5667 13.4390 1.0476 2.1534 2.2003
332211 Cutlery and flatware, except precious, manufacturing 1.8513 0.4152 8.6823 1.0853 2.4400 3.0044
332212 Hand and edge tool manufacturing 2.0766 0.5854 13.3908 1.1398 2.1353 2.2665
332213 Saw blade and handsaw manufacturing 2.0027 0.5264 12.4014 1.0937 2.1782 2.2396
332214 Kitchen utensil, pot, and pan manufacturing 2.0265 0.4707 10.5102 0.9258 2.5698 2.8888
332311 Prefabricated metal buildings and components 2.1327 0.5141 12.0013 0.9037 2.5549 2.5788
332312 Fabricated structural metal manufacturing 1.9661 0.4673 10.2848 0.9753 2.3236 2.6183
332313 Plate work manufacturing 2.0369 0.5886 13.8970 1.1027 1.9939 2.0620
332321 Metal window and door manufacturing 2.0044 0.4831 11.7403 0.9814 2.3449 2.2743
332322 Sheet metal work manufacturing 2.0766 0.5712 13.1914 1.0980 2.1100 2.2242
332323 Ornamental and architectural metal workmanufacturing 2.0420 0.5494 12.6628 1.0490 2.1366 2.2503
332410 Power boiler and heat exchanger manufacturing 1.9667 0.5349 11.5606 1.0616 2.0495 2.3543
332420 Metal tank, heavy gauge, manufacturing 2.0168 0.5390 11.9960 1.0347 2.1376 2.3620
332430 Metal can, box, and other container manufacturing 2.0458 0.3868 8.2973 0.7448 3.2016 3.8199
33299A Ammunition manufacturing 2.2734 0.6286 13.7872 1.1224 2.4044 2.6354
332994 Small arms manufacturing 2.0138 0.5501 12.1519 1.1298 2.1988 2.4253
332995 Other ordnance and accessories manufacturing 1.9510 0.6018 12.1640 1.2629 1.8736 2.2635
332500 Hardware manufacturing 1.9727 0.5007 11.2138 1.0281 2.2243 2.4514
332600 Spring and wire product manufacturing 1.9812 0.5199 12.7376 1.0231 2.1212 2.1016
332710 Machine shops 2.3636 0.7774 17.5590 1.2956 2.0973 2.2575
332720 Turned product and screw, nut, and boltmanufacturing 2.0833 0.6069 13.6897 1.1519 2.0494 2.2561
332811 Metal heat treating 2.1180 0.5534 12.0839 1.1374 2.3072 2.5392
332812 Metal coating and nonprecious engraving 1.9711 0.4655 11.7997 0.9948 2.3099 2.1338(Continued)
-
7/27/2019 Multipliers in Measuring Economic Impacts
11/19
NOTE.--Multipliers are based on the 1997 Benchmark Input-Output Table for the Nation and 2006 regional data. Industry List A identifies theindustries corresponding to the entries.SOURCE.--Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), Regional Product Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
6. Each entry in column 6 represents the total change in number of jobs in all industries for each additional job in the industry corresponding tothe entry.
5. Each entry in column 5 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofearnings paid directly to households employed by the industry corresponding to the entry.
4. Each entry in column 4 represents the total dollar change in value added that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of outputdelivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry. Because the employment multipliers are based on 2006 data, the outputdelivered to final demand should be in 2006 dollars.
3. Each entry in column 3 represents the total change in number of jobs that occurs in all industries for each additional 1 million dollars of output
2. Each entry in column 2 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofoutput delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
1. Each entry in column 1 represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered tofinal demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
*Includes Government enterprises.Region Definition: California
RIMS II Multipliers (1997/2006)Table 2 Total Multipliers for Output, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Detailed Industry
California Benchmark (Type II)
INDUSTRY
Multiplier
Final Demand Direct Effect
Output/1/(dollars)
Earnings/2/(dollars)
Employment/3/(jobs)
Value-added/4/(dollars)
Earnings/5/(dollars)
Employment/6/(jobs)
332813 Electroplating, anodizing, and coloring metal 2.2556 0.7236 18.3068 1.2798 1.9831 1.9256
332910 Metal valve manufacturing 1.9306 0.4785 9.9342 1.0572 2.2501 2.8003
332991 Ball and roller bearing manufacturing 2.0451 0.5515 12.1407 1.0763 2.3315 2.5294
332996 Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing 1.9492 0.4918 11.5037 1.0016 2.1880 2.2518
332997 Industrial pattern manufacturing 2.2978 0.8382 20.8802 1.4000 1.8629 1.8379
332998 Enameled iron and metal sanitary ware manufacturing 1.8158 0.4125 9.1804 1.0568 2.2605 2.4873
332999 Miscellaneous fabricated metal productmanufacturing 2.1226 0.5547 12.8838 1.0663 2.3367 2.4666
333111 Farm machinery and equipment manufacturing 1.9218 0.4255 9.0765 0.9191 2.7143 3.1835
333112 Lawn and garden equipment manufacturing 1.8717 0.3602 8.6444 0.7839 3.2887 2.9908
333120 Construction machinery manufacturing 2.0218 0.4431 9.6344 0.8568 2.9428 3.2594
333131 Mining machinery and equipment manufacturing 1.9857 0.4797 10.1151 0.9703 2.4864 2.9363
333132 Oil and gas field machinery and equipment 2.2822 0.5561 11.3342 1.0477 2.8803 3.7576
333210 Sawmill and woodworking machinery 2.2062 0.6077 13.7454 1.0701 2.3778 2.5023
333220 Plastics and rubber industry machinery 2.0129 0.5191 11.7532 1.0921 2.3294 2.4539
333291 Paper industry machinery manufacturing 2.0924 0.5644 11.5183 0.9690 2.3126 2.8934
333292 Textile machinery manufacturing 2.1401 0.6082 17.0884 1.1250 2.2232 1.8697
333293 Printing machinery and equipment manufacturing 2.3378 0.6498 12.9904 1.1320 2.4758 3.2597
333294 Food product machinery manufacturing 2.1550 0.6009 13.1777 1.1124 2.2885 2.5479
333295 Semiconductor machinery manufacturing 2.2092 0.5126 9.5087 1.0387 3.1933 6.5871
333298 All other industrial machinery manufacturing 2.2262 0.6107 12.1253 1.0981 2.3888 3.1952
33331A Automatic vending, commercial laundry anddrycleaning machinery 2.1044 0.5075 12.0794 0.9894 2.6133 2.5094
333313 Office machinery manufacturing 2.2194 0.4921 9.4911 1.0160 3.1414 4.8218
333314 Optical instrument and lens manufacturing 2.2461 0.6339 11.5592 1.1845 2.3181 3.6736
333315 Photographic and photocopying equipmentmanufacturing 2.1926 0.4772 10.0192 1.0438 3.2106 3.9202
333319 Other commercial and service industry machinerymanufacturing 2.3333 0.5961 12.1870 1.0638 2.6030 3.2312
333411 Air purification equipment manufacturing 2.0549 0.5384 12.8938 1.0518 2.3160 2.2611
333412 Industrial and commercial fan and blowermanufacturing 2.0378 0.5424 11.4627 1.0458 2.2442 2.6379
333414 Heating equipment, except warm air furnaces 1.9568 0.4879 10.7051 1.0848 2.2677 2.5407
333415 AC, refrigeration, and forced air heating 2.1175 0.4947 10.5569 0.9131 2.8584 3.3704
333511 Industrial mold manufacturing 2.3191 0.8156 18.4300 1.3305 1.9129 2.0766
333512 Metal cutting machine tool manufacturing 2.2106 0.6199 12.3806 1.1352 2.3909 3.1105
333513 Metal forming machine tool manufacturing 2.1435 0.6243 13.5087 1.1732 2.1786 2.4368
333514 Special tool, die, jig, and fixture manufacturing 2.3536 0.8088 17.4166 1.3108 1.9931 2.2602
333515 Cutting tool and machine tool accessorymanufacturing 2.2334 0.6891 16.3427 1.2127 2.1137 2.1198
33351A Rolling mill and other metalworking machinery 2.1183 0.5921 13.8131 1.0882 2.2497 2.2746
333611 Turbine and turbine generator set unitsmanufacturing 1.8881 0.4288 7.8794 0.9981 2.4936 4.2871
(Continued)
-
7/27/2019 Multipliers in Measuring Economic Impacts
12/19
NOTE.--Multipliers are based on the 1997 Benchmark Input-Output Table for the Nation and 2006 regional data. Industry List A identifies theindustries corresponding to the entries.SOURCE.--Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), Regional Product Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
6. Each entry in column 6 represents the total change in number of jobs in all industries for each additional job in the industry corresponding tothe entry.
5. Each entry in column 5 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofearnings paid directly to households employed by the industry corresponding to the entry.
4. Each entry in column 4 represents the total dollar change in value added that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of outputdelivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry. Because the employment multipliers are based on 2006 data, the outputdelivered to final demand should be in 2006 dollars.
3. Each entry in column 3 represents the total change in number of jobs that occurs in all industries for each additional 1 million dollars of output
2. Each entry in column 2 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofoutput delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
1. Each entry in column 1 represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered tofinal demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
*Includes Government enterprises.Region Definition: California
RIMS II Multipliers (1997/2006)Table 2 Total Multipliers for Output, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Detailed Industry
California Benchmark (Type II)
INDUSTRY
Multiplier
Final Demand Direct Effect
Output/1/(dollars)
Earnings/2/(dollars)
Employment/3/(jobs)
Value-added/4/(dollars)
Earnings/5/(dollars)
Employment/6/(jobs)
33361A Speed changers and mechanical power transmissionequipment 2.0215 0.5548 11.0757 1.0716 2.1599 2.7753
333618 Other engine equipment manufacturing 1.8873 0.3912 8.2549 0.8174 2.9211 3.5810
333911 Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing 2.0842 0.5386 10.9732 1.0287 2.4034 3.0592
333912 Air and gas compressor manufacturing 2.0073 0.4807 10.1581 1.0138 2.5607 3.0487
333913 Measuring and dispensing pump manufacturing 2.2750 0.5690 11.4659 1.0733 2.8432 3.8319
333921 Elevator and moving stairway manufacturing 2.1653 0.5573 12.8115 0.9720 2.5044 2.5364
333922 Conveyor and conveying equipment manufacturing 2.1208 0.5895 13.2020 1.0754 2.2231 2.3940
333923 Overhead cranes, hoists, and monorail systems 2.0815 0.4982 10.9541 0.9827 2.6184 2.8458
333924 Industrial truck, trailer, and stacker manufacturing 2.1794 0.5167 11.8651 0.8896 2.9106 2.8651
333991 Power-driven handtool manufacturing 1.9829 0.4456 8.9574 1.0128 2.7736 4.0062
333992 Welding and soldering equipment manufacturing 2.0499 0.5166 10.3181 0.9700 2.3777 3.1170
333993 Packaging machinery manufacturing 2.1419 0.6167 12.8333 1.1447 2.1900 2.6155
333994 Industrial process furnace and oven manufacturing 2.0701 0.5560 11.0577 1.0958 2.2735 2.9323
333995 Fluid power cylinder and actuator manufacturing 2.1170 0.5973 11.9067 1.1390 2.2227 2.8969
333996 Fluid power pump and motor manufacturing 2.1706 0.5901 11.1912 1.1125 2.4304 3.5929
33399A Scales, balances, and miscellaneous general purposemachinery 2.1316 0.5879 12.0869 1.1017 2.2712 2.7997
334111 Electronic computer manufacturing 2.4749 0.5093 9.1388 0.9491 5.0235 13.2387
334112 Computer storage device manufacturing 2.1381 0.4717 8.2593 0.9809 3.0975 6.0345
334113 Computer terminal manufacturing 2.4269 0.5925 10.6847 1.0199 3.1285 5.7895
334119 Other computer peripheral equipment manufacturing 2.4901 0.6199 11.5888 1.0949 3.0827 4.9257
334210 Telephone apparatus manufacturing 2.1489 0.4639 8.1855 1.0782 3.0499 6.0285
334220 Broadcast and wireless communications equipment 2.2926 0.5511 9.8087 1.1160 2.7461 4.6560
334290 Other communications equipment manufacturing 2.3305 0.6212 11.6057 1.1798 2.5695 3.9112
334300 Audio and video equipment manufacturing 2.4234 0.5221 10.3577 0.9208 4.1145 6.1036
334411 Electron tube manufacturing 2.2046 0.5554 9.8546 0.9756 2.6616 5.2914
334413 Semiconductors and related device manufacturing 1.8422 0.3900 6.6997 1.1162 2.7614 6.0992
33441A All other electronic component manufacturing 2.3534 0.5988 12.8039 1.0918 2.6926 2.9639334510 Electromedical apparatus manufacturing 2.2167 0.6070 10.9087 1.0693 2.3742 4.0430
334511 Search, detection, and navigation instruments 2.3196 0.7155 12.1027 1.2741 2.1261 3.7451
334512 Automatic environmental control manufacturing 2.1872 0.6014 12.4082 1.1682 2.3663 2.8420
334513 Industrial process variable instruments 2.3236 0.6706 13.2648 1.2025 2.3632 3.2236
334514 Totalizing fluid meters and counting devices 2.1915 0.5347 11.1948 1.0172 2.6966 3.2543
334515 Electricity and signal testing instruments 2.1559 0.5670 10.3730 1.1754 2.3795 3.6391
334516 Analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing 2.4527 0.7095 13.6568 1.1928 2.4869 3.9977
334517 Irradiation apparatus manufacturing 2.2523 0.5491 10.5473 1.0045 2.8213 4.3120
33451A Watch, clock, and other measuring and controllingdevice manufacturing 2.3177 0.6720 13.3669 1.1850 2.3299 2.9699
334611 Software reproducing 1.9357 0.5247 9.5670 1.1393 1.9350 2.7601
334612 Audio and video media reproduction 1.9669 0.4947 11.0161 1.1105 2.2780 2.4283
334613 Magnetic and optical recording media manufacturing 2.2887 0.5637 11.1260 0.9827 2.9512 5.7446
(Continued)
-
7/27/2019 Multipliers in Measuring Economic Impacts
13/19
NOTE.--Multipliers are based on the 1997 Benchmark Input-Output Table for the Nation and 2006 regional data. Industry List A identifies theindustries corresponding to the entries.SOURCE.--Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), Regional Product Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
6. Each entry in column 6 represents the total change in number of jobs in all industries for each additional job in the industry corresponding tothe entry.
5. Each entry in column 5 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofearnings paid directly to households employed by the industry corresponding to the entry.
4. Each entry in column 4 represents the total dollar change in value added that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of outputdelivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry. Because the employment multipliers are based on 2006 data, the outputdelivered to final demand should be in 2006 dollars.
3. Each entry in column 3 represents the total change in number of jobs that occurs in all industries for each additional 1 million dollars of output
2. Each entry in column 2 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofoutput delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
1. Each entry in column 1 represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered tofinal demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
*Includes Government enterprises.Region Definition: California
RIMS II Multipliers (1997/2006)Table 2 Total Multipliers for Output, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Detailed Industry
California Benchmark (Type II)
INDUSTRY
Multiplier
Final Demand Direct Effect
Output/1/(dollars)
Earnings/2/(dollars)
Employment/3/(jobs)
Value-added/4/(dollars)
Earnings/5/(dollars)
Employment/6/(jobs)
335110 Electric lamp bulb and part manufacturing 2.0476 0.4923 10.8850 1.0568 2.5597 2.8093
335120 Lighting fixture manufacturing 2.2478 0.5545 12.3206 1.0575 2.8826 3.1384
335211 Electric housewares and household fanmanufacturing 2.0930 0.4561 11.0065 0.9671 3.1967 2.8689
335212 Household vacuum cleaner manufacturing 2.0916 0.4766 12.5228 0.9982 2.9791 2.4151
335221 Household cooking appliance manufacturing 2.1685 0.4821 10.7431 0.9531 3.2704 3.5073
335222 Household refrigerator and home freezermanufacturing 2.1673 0.5080 11.5055 0.9065 2.8685 2.9941
335224 Household laundry equipment manufacturing 2.1230 0.4637 9.5222 0.8560 3.2747 4.8465
335228 Other major household appliance manufacturing 2.1969 0.4745 10.5443 0.9798 3.4023 3.7966
335311 Electric power and specialty transformermanufacturing 2.1531 0.5223 11.0860 1.0029 2.7835 3.2558
335312 Motor and generator manufacturing 2.0612 0.5060 11.0413 0.9722 2.5666 2.8476
335313 Switchgear and switchboard apparatusmanufacturing 2.0123 0.5066 10.7664 1.0679 2.4155 2.7876
335314 Relay and industrial control manufacturing 2.3589 0.6263 12.9884 1.0997 2.6547 3.1896
335911 Storage battery manufacturing 2.0064 0.4850 10.1924 0.9090 2.5245 3.0250
335912 Primary battery manufacturing 1.9298 0.3939 7.9573 0.9843 3.0813 4.4172
335921 Fiber optic cable manufacturing 1.9864 0.4138 8.0953 0.9405 2.9183 4.6078
335929 Other communication and energy wire manufacturing 1.8847 0.3762 8.6725 0.7948 2.8075 2.8648
335930 Wiring device manufacturing 2.0316 0.5222 10.9109 1.0826 2.3999 2.8614
335991 Carbon and graphite product manufacturing 1.9465 0.4635 9.6674 1.0803 2.4038 2.8887
335999 Miscellaneous electrical equipment manufacturing 2.3616 0.6236 12.4815 1.0657 2.6689 3.4864
336110 Automobile and light truck manufacturing 1.8565 0.3433 7.0398 0.6323 3.3813 6.4540
336120 Heavy duty truck manufacturing 1.7570 0.3140 6.5265 0.5874 3.0923 4.0160
336211 Motor vehicle body manufacturing 2.1894 0.4946 11.2106 0.8386 3.1426 3.2907
336212 Truck trailer manufacturing 2.0683 0.4692 10.2207 0.8091 2.7160 3.1647
336213 Motor home manufacturing 2.0550 0.4404 10.3638 0.7482 3.0804 2.9570
336214 Travel trailer and camper manufacturing 2.1096 0.5070 12.4631 0.8949 2.5272 2.4337
336300 Motor vehicle parts manufacturing 2.1280 0.5197 11.5599 0.9235 2.6392 2.8529
336411 Aircraft manufacturing 2.4318 0.6273 11.3128 1.0367 2.9680 5.0388
336412 Aircraft engine and engine parts manufacturing 1.9056 0.4723 8.5027 0.9544 2.2866 3.6685
336413 Other aircraft parts and equipment 2.3294 0.6990 13.4937 1.2049 2.2717 3.1087
336414 Guided missile and space vehicle manufacturing 2.3892 0.6318 10.7097 1.2286 2.8533 5.8735
33641A Propulsion units and parts for space vehicles andguided missiles 2.5218 0.8179 14.3021 1.3827 2.2670 3.5338
336500 Railroad rolling stock manufacturing 2.0417 0.4720 9.2190 0.8317 2.7342 3.9217
336611 Ship building and repairing 2.3280 0.7202 14.6749 1.2061 2.0855 2.5903
336612 Boat building 1.9617 0.4731 10.6551 0.9455 2.3080 2.4831
336991 Motorcycle, bicycle, and parts manufacturing 2.2392 0.5496 12.1956 0.9318 2.8529 3.0417
336992 Military armored vehicles and tank partsmanufacturing 2.4258 0.6519 11.6538 1.1319 2.7316 5.5209
336999 All other transportation equipment manufacturing 1.8600 0.3742 8.0501 0.8482 3.0169 3.4886
(Continued)
-
7/27/2019 Multipliers in Measuring Economic Impacts
14/19
NOTE.--Multipliers are based on the 1997 Benchmark Input-Output Table for the Nation and 2006 regional data. Industry List A identifies theindustries corresponding to the entries.SOURCE.--Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), Regional Product Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
6. Each entry in column 6 represents the total change in number of jobs in all industries for each additional job in the industry corresponding tothe entry.
5. Each entry in column 5 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofearnings paid directly to households employed by the industry corresponding to the entry.
4. Each entry in column 4 represents the total dollar change in value added that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of outputdelivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry. Because the employment multipliers are based on 2006 data, the outputdelivered to final demand should be in 2006 dollars.
3. Each entry in column 3 represents the total change in number of jobs that occurs in all industries for each additional 1 million dollars of output
2. Each entry in column 2 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofoutput delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
1. Each entry in column 1 represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered tofinal demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
*Includes Government enterprises.Region Definition: California
RIMS II Multipliers (1997/2006)Table 2 Total Multipliers for Output, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Detailed Industry
California Benchmark (Type II)
INDUSTRY
Multiplier
Final Demand Direct Effect
Output/1/(dollars)
Earnings/2/(dollars)
Employment/3/(jobs)
Value-added/4/(dollars)
Earnings/5/(dollars)
Employment/6/(jobs)
337110 Wood kitchen cabinet and countertop manufacturing 2.1151 0.5753 14.8188 1.0614 2.1571 2.0658
337121 Upholstered household furniture manufacturing 2.3698 0.6256 17.3250 1.0289 2.4756 2.1590
337122 Nonupholstered wood household furnituremanufacturing 2.1626 0.5858 16.4345 1.0702 2.2578 1.9454
337124 Metal household furniture manufacturing 2.0848 0.5305 13.7392 1.0682 2.3322 2.1390
337127 Institutional furniture manufacturing 2.0604 0.5440 13.2547 1.0843 2.2211 2.2229
33712A Other household and institutional furniture 2.1124 0.5436 13.9801 0.9809 2.2905 2.1153
337211 Wood office furniture manufacturing 2.1537 0.5901 15.0226 1.0961 2.2306 2.1255
337212 Custom architectural woodwork and millwork 2.1321 0.6718 15.6556 1.2239 1.9165 2.0479
337214 Office furniture, except wood, manufacturing 2.0376 0.4997 11.9442 1.0471 2.3769 2.4372
337215 Showcases, partitions, shelving, and lockers 2.0970 0.5857 14.5929 1.1112 2.0885 2.0592
337910 Mattress manufacturing 2.1473 0.4791 11.8884 0.9689 2.9062 2.7902
337920 Blind and shade manufacturing 2.0649 0.4966 13.3905 0.9976 2.4540 2.1416
339111 Laboratory apparatus and furniture manufacturing 2.4255 0.7309 13.3621 1.2300 2.3151 3.7439
339112 Surgical and medical instrument manufacturing 2.1840 0.5939 10.7227 1.2199 2.3886 3.9895
339113 Surgical appliance and supplies manufacturing 2.1028 0.5405 10.1591 1.1468 2.4482 3.6593
339114 Dental equipment and supplies manufacturing 2.1556 0.5993 11.2641 1.1602 2.3089 3.3229
339115 Ophthalmic goods manufacturing 2.1130 0.5873 11.4171 1.2008 2.2958 3.2000
339116 Dental laboratories 2.3725 0.7585 16.5181 1.2978 2.0582 2.2716
339910 Jewelry and silverware manufacturing 2.0698 0.5080 11.8770 0.9386 2.5541 2.6150
339920 Sporting and athletic goods manufacturing 2.3394 0.5735 12.1811 1.0593 2.9581 3.7672
339930 Doll, toy, and game manufacturing 2.0977 0.5036 10.1646 1.0537 2.5570 3.5875
339940 Office supplies, except paper, manufacturing 1.9468 0.4661 10.1993 1.0647 2.3421 2.6471
339950 Sign manufacturing 2.3393 0.6946 15.4067 1.1613 2.1537 2.4412
339991 Gasket, packing, and sealing device manufacturing 2.0535 0.5669 11.9392 1.0694 2.0731 2.4694
339992 Musical instrument manufacturing 2.3898 0.6941 15.5084 1.2400 2.3616 2.5974
339994 Broom, brush, and mop manufacturing 2.0608 0.5343 11.6060 1.0595 2.2784 2.6546
339995 Burial casket manufacturing 1.7695 0.3948 9.8301 1.0301 2.2057 2.1267
33999A Buttons, pins, and all other miscellaneousmanufacturing 2.1716 0.5701 12.5944 1.0930 2.3504 2.6660
420000 Wholesale trade 2.1526 0.6612 13.9140 1.3259 2.0708 2.6536
4A0000 Retail trade 2.2840 0.7163 23.0723 1.3584 2.1208 1.6961
481000 Air transportation 2.5677 0.7111 15.5073 1.2335 2.8562 4.2281
482000 Rail transportation 2.1772 0.6014 11.7339 1.2305 2.3108 3.3245
483000 Water transportation 2.5779 0.6240 12.9149 1.1469 4.5624 7.0206
484000 Truck transportation 2.3169 0.6480 15.7204 1.2269 2.4118 2.4384
485A00 Transit and ground passenger transportation 2.5192 0.8350 30.4693 1.3371 2.0952 1.5551
486000 Pipeline transportation 2.5361 0.6691 13.1879 1.1740 2.9780 5.6564
48A000 Scenic and sightseeing transportation and supportactivities for transportation 2.5730 0.8481 17.8116 1.4196 2.2782 2.8349
492000 Couriers and messengers 2.2593 0.7329 20.3929 1.3756 1.9592 1.8307
493000 Warehousing and storage 2.2788 0.8176 21.8625 1.4446 1.7593 1.7546
(Continued)
-
7/27/2019 Multipliers in Measuring Economic Impacts
15/19
NOTE.--Multipliers are based on the 1997 Benchmark Input-Output Table for the Nation and 2006 regional data. Industry List A identifies theindustries corresponding to the entries.SOURCE.--Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), Regional Product Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
6. Each entry in column 6 represents the total change in number of jobs in all industries for each additional job in the industry corresponding tothe entry.
5. Each entry in column 5 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofearnings paid directly to households employed by the industry corresponding to the entry.
4. Each entry in column 4 represents the total dollar change in value added that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of outputdelivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry. Because the employment multipliers are based on 2006 data, the outputdelivered to final demand should be in 2006 dollars.
3. Each entry in column 3 represents the total change in number of jobs that occurs in all industries for each additional 1 million dollars of output
2. Each entry in column 2 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofoutput delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
1. Each entry in column 1 represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered tofinal demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
*Includes Government enterprises.Region Definition: California
RIMS II Multipliers (1997/2006)Table 2 Total Multipliers for Output, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Detailed Industry
California Benchmark (Type II)
INDUSTRY
Multiplier
Final Demand Direct Effect
Output/1/(dollars)
Earnings/2/(dollars)
Employment/3/(jobs)
Value-added/4/(dollars)
Earnings/5/(dollars)
Employment/6/(jobs)
511110 Newspaper publishers 2.1317 0.7061 16.6340 1.3040 1.9172 1.9866
511120 Periodical publishers 2.1209 0.5767 11.7973 1.2077 2.2517 2.8581
511130 Book publishers 2.0989 0.5192 10.8616 1.1164 2.5273 3.1998
5111A0 Database, directory, and other publishers 1.9061 0.4684 9.8968 1.1844 2.2053 2.6521
511200 Software publishers 2.1882 0.7143 12.6920 1.3726 1.9755 3.5828
512100 Motion picture and video industries 2.9416 0.8025 19.1150 1.4115 3.1125 3.3479
512200 Sound recording industries 2.0178 0.4244 9.6973 1.1928 2.9653 3.4705
513100 Radio and television broadcasting 3.1694 0.9255 18.3543 1.5068 3.1527 5.7743
513200 Cable networks and program distribution 2.5558 0.6529 13.4615 1.3385 2.9101 4.1291
513300 Telecommunications 2.1445 0.5468 10.7507 1.2354 2.4726 3.5794
514100 Information services 2.5629 0.9932 21.6924 1.5149 1.8424 2.2146
514200 Data processing services 2.3378 0.8658 16.7867 1.4520 1.8417 2.6323
52A000 Monetary authorities and depository creditintermediation 1.8980 0.4919 10.5871 1.2661 2.2224 2.7829
522A00 Nondepository credit intermediation and relatedactivities 1.9682 0.5179 10.2795 1.2598 2.3269 3.6412
523000 Securities, commodity contracts, investments 2.6277 0.9844 17.9481 1.5237 2.0755 3.1006
524100 Insurance carriers 2.5560 0.7136 14.0213 1.3740 2.8520 3.8175
524200 Insurance agencies, brokerages, and related 1.9801 0.6194 12.7731 1.3622 1.8706 2.3208
525000 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles 3.1589 0.8855 16.1605 1.3572 7.6616 14.2854
531000 Real estate 1.7494 0.3154 9.9050 1.1495 3.1043 2.3897
S00800 Owner-occupied dwellings 1.3227 0.0902 2.1879 0.9933 0.0000 0.0000
532100 Automotive equipment rental and leasing 1.8466 0.4087 10.4902 1.1817 2.5539 2.6066
532A00 General and consumer goods rental except videotapes and discs 2.0808 0.6216 16.5172 1.3292 2.0310 2.0085
532230 Video tape and disc rental 2.1055 0.5025 20.0809 1.3261 2.2709 1.5397
532400 Machinery and equipment rental and leasing 1.8126 0.4309 9.2161 1.2223 2.2402 3.0517
533000 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets 1.1973 0.1585 2.3700 1.0813 1.5622 2.8368
541100 Legal services 2.4040 0.9539 17.0289 1.5649 1.7581 2.7578
541200 Accounting and bookkeeping services 2.3720 0.9395 23.8022 1.5504 1.7409 1.8092
541300 Architectural and engineering services 2.2897 0.8379 18.4293 1.4865 1.8767 2.3101
541400 Specialized design services 2.2686 0.7676 23.5694 1.4126 1.9780 1.7418
541511 Custom computer programming services 2.3544 0.9325 17.7118 1.5126 1.7448 2.5467
541512 Computer systems design services 2.4079 0.9554 18.4399 1.5360 1.7877 2.6045
54151A Other computer related services, including facilitiesmanagement 2.1549 0.6206 13.0965 1.2826 2.2515 3.1537
541610 Management consulting services 2.3346 0.8929 21.4952 1.5026 1.7891 2.0171
5416A0 Environmental and other technical consultingservices 2.1315 0.7404 20.0161 1.4146 1.8390 1.8376
541700 Scientific research and development services 2.3954 0.8879 16.4394 1.4603 1.8479 2.8316
541800 Advertising and related services 2.3199 0.7541 16.2336 1.4123 2.0694 2.7403
541920 Photographic services 2.2459 0.7362 15.8781 1.3809 1.9409 2.4725
(Continued)
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7/27/2019 Multipliers in Measuring Economic Impacts
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NOTE.--Multipliers are based on the 1997 Benchmark Input-Output Table for the Nation and 2006 regional data. Industry List A identifies theindustries corresponding to the entries.SOURCE.--Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), Regional Product Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
6. Each entry in column 6 represents the total change in number of jobs in all industries for each additional job in the industry corresponding tothe entry.
5. Each entry in column 5 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofearnings paid directly to households employed by the industry corresponding to the entry.
4. Each entry in column 4 represents the total dollar change in value added that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of outputdelivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry. Because the employment multipliers are based on 2006 data, the outputdelivered to final demand should be in 2006 dollars.
3. Each entry in column 3 represents the total change in number of jobs that occurs in all industries for each additional 1 million dollars of output
2. Each entry in column 2 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofoutput delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
1. Each entry in column 1 represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered tofinal demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
*Includes Government enterprises.Region Definition: California
RIMS II Multipliers (1997/2006)Table 2 Total Multipliers for Output, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Detailed Industry
California Benchmark (Type II)
INDUSTRY
Multiplier
Final Demand Direct Effect
Output/1/(dollars)
Earnings/2/(dollars)
Employment/3/(jobs)
Value-added/4/(dollars)
Earnings/5/(dollars)
Employment/6/(jobs)
541940 Veterinary services 2.6181 0.8690 17.0178 1.4258 2.0942 3.0091
5419A0 All other miscellaneous professional and technicalservices 1.7160 0.3928 7.1813 1.2128 2.2247 4.6963
550000 Management of companies and enterprises 2.3602 0.8841 15.8707 1.5046 1.8030 2.6491
561300 Employment services 2.0523 0.8493 30.2953 1.5258 1.5685 1.3712
561500 Travel arrangement and reservation services 2.4820 0.8312 21.2580 1.4258 2.1783 2.1044
561100 Office administrative services 2.2819 0.8499 18.1459 1.4920 1.8460 2.3753
561200 Facilities support services 2.1374 0.8029 19.6864 1.4700 1.7339 1.8740
561400 Business support services 2.1204 0.6786 19.7475 1.3682 1.9514 1.7888
561600 Investigation and security services 2.2365 0.9053 31.9822 1.5346 1.6718 1.4322
561700 Services to buildings and dwellings 2.3535 0.7663 29.4265 1.3892 2.0791 1.5960
561900 Other support services 2.0223 0.5968 16.4090 1.3006 2.0125 1.9190
562000 Waste management and remediation services 2.3291 0.6750 15.2658 1.2843 2.2938 2.6522
611100 Elementary and secondary schools 2.6099 0.9157 31.6791 1.5049 1.9217 1.5955
611A00 Colleges, universities, and junior colleges 2.5698 0.9078 27.0359 1.4844 1.8836 1.7556
611B00 Other educational services 2.2354 0.6590 24.9332 1.3365 2.2198 1.6204
621A00 Offices of physicians, dentists, and other healthpractitioners 2.3628 0.9356 19.4380 1.5450 1.7420 2.1732
621600 Home health care services 2.4000 0.9508 28.5638 1.5389 1.7526 1.6063
621B00 Other ambulatory health care services 2.5360 0.8757 20.3899 1.4311 2.0674 2.3265
622000 Hospitals 2.5265 0.8950 20.4436 1.4536 1.9677 2.2751
623000 Nursing and residential care facilities 2.5223 0.9628 31.1335 1.5184 1.8181 1.6383
624400 Child day care services 2.3401 0.7262 34.8677 1.3385 2.0269 1.3871
624A00 Social assistance, except child day care services 2.5194 0.8790 34.4690 1.4237 1.9636 1.4826
711100 Performing arts companies 2.7654 0.9324 42.8041 1.5253 2.2897 1.5112
711200 Spectator sports 2.5413 1.0041 29.2000 1.5895 1.8867 1.8223
711A00 Promoters of performing arts and sports and agentsfor public figures 2.5076 0.7967 34.2205 1.4576 2.2951 1.6098
711500 Independent artists, writers, and performers 2.6964 0.8496 24.1733 1.4520 2.4108 2.7481
712000 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks 2.5767 0.8171 20.3440 1.3984 2.2301 2.5464
713940 Fitness and recreational sports centers 2.4944 0.8172 37.5693 1.4320 2.0066 1.3934
713950 Bowling centers 2.2993 0.7477 36.2138 1.3631 1.9472 1.3454
713A00 Other amusement, gambling, and recreationindustries 2.2607 0.7578 25.9070 1.3923 1.8967 1.5650
7211A0 Hotels and motels, including casino hotels 2.1505 0.6874 20.7874 1.3535 1.9137 1.6885
721A00 Other accommodations 2.0695 0.5333 18.1770 1.2130 2.3111 1.7399
722000 Food services and drinking places 2.4449 0.7732 34.7273 1.2977 1.9660 1.4031
8111A0 Automotive repair and maintenance, except carwashes 2.1118 0.6226 19.4849 1.1347 2.0512 1.7455
811192 Car washes 2.0495 0.6324 29.5434 1.3366 1.9255 1.3606
811200 Electronic equipment repair and maintenance 2.2687 0.7923 19.9078 1.3554 1.8206 1.8524
811300 Commercial machinery repair and maintenance 2.0774 0.6926 17.9390 1.3055 1.8023 1.8043
(Continued)
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7/27/2019 Multipliers in Measuring Economic Impacts
17/19
NOTE.--Multipliers are based on the 1997 Benchmark Input-Output Table for the Nation and 2006 regional data. Industry List A identifies theindustries corresponding to the entries.SOURCE.--Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), Regional Product Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
6. Each entry in column 6 represents the total change in number of jobs in all industries for each additional job in the industry corresponding tothe entry.
5. Each entry in column 5 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofearnings paid directly to households employed by the industry corresponding to the entry.
4. Each entry in column 4 represents the total dollar change in value added that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of outputdelivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry. Because the employment multipliers are based on 2006 data, the outputdelivered to final demand should be in 2006 dollars.
3. Each entry in column 3 represents the total change in number of jobs that occurs in all industries for each additional 1 million dollars of output
2. Each entry in column 2 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofoutput delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
1. Each entry in column 1 represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered tofinal demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.
*Includes Government enterprises.Region Definition: California
RIMS II Multipliers (1997/2006)Table 2 Total Multipliers for Output, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Detailed Industry
California Benchmark (Type II)
INDUSTRY
Multiplier
Final Demand Direct Effect
Output/1/(dollars)
Earnings/2/(dollars)
Emp