murray, whitehead, le strat and conway · murray, whitehead, le strat and conway s46 optimisation...
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![Page 1: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S10
2-Amino-2-methylpropionitrile (1) 1H NMR spectrum
H3C CH3
NC NH3+Cl-
![Page 2: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S11
2-Amino-2-methylpropionitrile (1) 13C NMR spectrum
H3C CH3
NC NH3+Cl-
![Page 3: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S12
2-Amino-2-methylheptanonitrile hydrochloride (5) 1H NMR spectrum
CH3
NC NH3+Cl-
![Page 4: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S13
2-Amino-2-methylheptanonitrile hydrochloride (5) 13C NMR spectrum
CH3
NC NH3+Cl-
![Page 5: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S14
2-Amino-2,3,3-trimethylbutyronitrile hydrochloride (6) 1H NMR spectrum
CH3
NC NH3+Cl-
![Page 6: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S15
2-Amino-2,3,3-trimethylbutyronitrile hydrochloride (6) 13C NMR spectrum
CH3
NC NH3+Cl-
![Page 7: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S16
2-Amino-2-cyclopropylpropionitrile (2a) 1H NMR spectrum
CH3
NC NH2
![Page 8: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S17
2-Amino-2-cyclopropylpropionitrile (2a) 13C NMR spectrum
CH3
NC NH2
![Page 9: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S18
2-Amino-2-cyclopropylpropionitrile (2b) 1H NMR spectrum
CH3
NC NH3+Cl-
![Page 10: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S19
2-Amino-2-cyclopropylpropionitrile (2b) 13C NMR spectrum
CH3
NC NH3+Cl-
![Page 11: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S20
2-Amino-2-phenylpropionitrile hydrochloride (7) 1H NMR spectrum
CH3
NC NH3+Cl-
![Page 12: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S21
2-Amino-2-phenylpropionitrile hydrochloride (7) 13C NMR spectrum
CH3
NC NH3+Cl-
![Page 13: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S22
2-Amino-2-(3’-methoxyphenyl)propionitrile hydrochloride (8) 1H NMR spectrum
CH3
NC NH3+Cl-
H3CO
![Page 14: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S23
Crude 2-amino-2-(3’-methoxyphenyl)propionitrile hydrochloride (8) 13C NMR spectrum
It proved difficult to obtain a clean 13C spectrum of 2-amino-2-(3’-methoxyphenyl)propionitrile hydrochloride (8), most likely due to degradation of the compound
while the spectrum was being obtained.
CH3
NC NH3+Cl-
H3CO
![Page 15: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S24
2-Amino-2-phenylbutyronitrile hydrochloride (9) 1H NMR spectrum
NC NH3+Cl-
![Page 16: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S25
2-Amino-2-phenylbutyronitrile hydrochloride (9) 13C NMR spectrum
NC NH3+Cl-
![Page 17: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S26
2-Amino-2-nbutylhexanenitrile hydrochloride (10) 1H NMR spectrum
NC NH3+Cl-
![Page 18: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S27
2-Amino-2-nbutylhexanenitrile hydrochloride (10) 13C NMR spectrum
NC NH3+Cl-
![Page 19: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S28
5-Phenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (10) 1H NMR spectrum
H
NH
HNO
O
![Page 20: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S29
5-Phenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (10) 13C NMR spectrum
H
NH
HNO
O
![Page 21: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S30
5-Methyl-5-pentylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (12) 1H NMR spectrum
CH3
NH
HNO
O
![Page 22: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S31
5-Methyl-5-pentylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (12) 13C NMR spectrum
CH3
NH
HNO
O
![Page 23: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S32
5-tButyl-5-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (13) 1H NMR spectrum
CH3
NH
HNO
O
![Page 24: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S33
5-tButyl-5-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (13) 13C NMR spectrum
CH3
NH
HNO
O
![Page 25: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S34
5-Cyclopropyl-5-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (4) 1H NMR spectrum
CH3
NH
HNO
O
![Page 26: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S35
5-Cyclopropyl-5-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (4) 13C NMR spectrum
CH3
NH
HNO
O
![Page 27: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S36
5-Methyl-5-phenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (14) 1H NMR spectrum
CH3
NH
HNO
O
![Page 28: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S37
5-Methyl-5-phenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (14) 13C NMR spectrum
CH3
NH
HNO
O
![Page 29: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S38
5-(3’Methoxyphenyl)-5-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (15) 1H NMR spectrum
CH3
NH
HNO
O
H3CO
![Page 30: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S39
5-(3’Methoxyphenyl)-5-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (15) 13C NMR spectrum
CH3
NH
HNO
O
H3CO
![Page 31: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S40
5-Ethyl-5-phenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (16) 1H NMR spectrum
NH
HNO
O
![Page 32: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S41
5-Ethyl-5-phenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (16) 13C NMR spectrum
NH
HNO
O
![Page 33: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S42
5,5-Di-(nbutyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione (17) 1H NMR spectrum
nBu nBu
NH
HNO
O
![Page 34: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S43
5,5-Di-(nbutyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione (17) 13C NMR spectrum
nBu nBu
NH
HNO
O
![Page 35: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S44
5-Methyl-5-(naphthyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione (19) 1H NMR spectrum
CH3
NH
HNO
O
![Page 36: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S45
5-Methyl-5-(naphthyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione (19) 13C NMR spectrum
CH3
NH
HNO
O
![Page 37: Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway · Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway S46 Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040317/5e2cb14438819e66ac59432f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Murray, Whitehead, Le Strat and Conway
S46
Optimisation of the one-pot reaction The reaction was conducted by condensing liquid ammonia into a solution of the ketone and gallium (III) triflate in dichloromethane at -78 °C, followed by stirring either at room temperature or -78 °C for the time shown. A solution of hydrogen cyanide was preformed by stirring TMS cyanide in methanol for 2 h. This solution was then added to the reaction mixture, either with ammonia present (reactions at -78 °C) or after the ammonia had evaporated (room temperature reactions). The Hünig’s base was then added and carbon dioxide bubbled through the reaction for the time shown.
CH3
O
CH3
NH
HN
O
O
Entry
Imine formation conditions
Amino nitrile formation conditions
Hydantoin formation conditions
Recovered ketone Yield
1 Ga(OTf)3, CH2Cl2, NH3 (l), -78 °C, 3 h
HCN solution, RT 14 h Hünig’s base, CO2 (g), 8 h, RT
60 % 18 %
2 Ga(OTf)3, CH2Cl2, NH3 (l), -78 °C, 24 h
HCN solution, RT 24 h Hünig’s base, CO2 (g), 3 h, RT
39 % 27 %
3 Ga(OTf)3, CH2Cl2, NH3 (l), -78 °C then warmed to RT, 24 h
HCN solution, RT 24 h Hünig’s base, CO2 (g), 8 h, RT
88 % 3 %
4 Ga(OTf)3, CH2Cl2, NH3 (l), -78 °C, 24 h
HCN solution, -78 °C, 30 min then RT 24 h
Hünig’s base, CO2 (g), 6 h, RT
38 % 53 %
5 Ga(OTf)3, CH2Cl2, NH3 (l), -78 °C, 3 h
HCN solution, -78 °C, 30 min then RT 24 h
Hünig’s base, CO2 (g), 6 h, RT
- 47-50 % (n = 2)
6 Ga(OTf)3, CH2Cl2, NH3 (l), -78 °C, 24 h
HCN solution, -78 °C, 24 h
Hünig’s base, CO2 (g), 6 h, RT
70 % 5 %
7 CH2Cl2, NH3 (l), -78 °C, 24 h
HCN solution, -78 °C, 24 h
Hünig’s base, CO2 (g), 8 h, RT
94 % 0 %
8 CH2Cl2, NH3 (l), -78 °C, TMSCN, MeOH, 10 h
Hünig’s base, CO2 (g), 8 h, RT
87 % 9 %