Muscle and Nervous Tissue

Muscle Tissue

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· Made up of muscle cells. · Elongated cells are called muscle fibers· Fibers are bundled together to form

muscles

Muscle Tissue

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· Contractile; muscle fibers change shape becoming shorter.

· Three types· Skeletal muscle· Cardiac muscle· Smooth muscle

Muscle Tissue Types

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· Skeletal muscle· Also known as voluntary

muscle.· Cells are long, thread-

like and have more than one nucleus

· Cells are striated (striped)

· Found in muscles that attach to bones by tendons

Figure 3.19b

Muscle Tissue Types

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· Cardiac muscle· Found only in the

heart· Function is to pump

blood (involuntary)· Cells attached to

other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks

· Cells are striated· One nucleus per cell Figure 3.19c

Muscle Tissue Types

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· Smooth muscle· Involuntary muscle· One nucleus in each

spindle-shaped cell· No visible striations· Attached to other

smooth muscle cells· Surrounds hollow

organs (intestines and stomach)

Figure 3.19a

Fill in the chart belowSkeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle Smooth Muscle

Striations? (yes/no)

Voluntary? (yes/no)

# of nuclie per cell

Locations

Nervous Tissue

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· Located in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

· Neurons (nerve cells) and nerve support cells

· Function is to send impulses to other areas of the body (muscles and glands) Figure 3.20

Tissue Repair

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· Regeneration· Replacement of destroyed tissue by the

same kind of cells· Fibrosis

· Repair by dense fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)

· Determination of method· Type of tissue damaged· Severity of the injury

Events in Tissue Repair

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· Capillaries become very permeable· Introduce clotting proteins· Wall off injured area

· Formation of granulation tissue· Regeneration of surface epithelium

Regeneration of Tissues

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· Tissues that regenerate easily· Epithelial tissue· Fibrous connective tissue and bone

· Tissues that regenerate poorly· Skeletal muscle

· Tissues that are replaced largely with scar tissue· Cardiac muscle· Nervous tissue within the brain and spinal cord

Developmental Aspects of Tissue

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· Epithelial tissue arises from all three primary germ layers

· Muscle and connective tissue arise from the mesoderm

· Nervous tissue arises from the ectoderm

· With old age there is a decrease in mass and viabililty in most tissues

Muscle Tissue Types

Slide 3.65Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

· Skeletal muscle· Can be controlled

voluntarily· Cells attach to

connective tissue· Cells are striated· Cells have more than

one nucleus

Figure 3.19b

Muscle Tissue Types

Slide 3.66Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

· Cardiac muscle· Found only in the

heart· Function is to pump

blood (involuntary)· Cells attached to

other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks

· Cells are striated· One nucleus per cell Figure 3.19c

Muscle Tissue Types

Slide 3.67Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

· Smooth muscle· Involuntary muscle· Surrounds hollow

organs· Attached to other

smooth muscle cells· No visible striations· One nucleus per cell

Figure 3.19a

Nervous Tissue

Slide 3.68Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

· Neurons and nerve support cells

· Function is to send impulses to other areas of the body

Figure 3.20

Identify the Tissues