muscles origin insertion primary action. head/neck muscles frontalis orbicularis oculi orbicularis...
TRANSCRIPT
Muscles
Origin
Insertion
Primary Action
Head/Neck Muscles• Frontalis• Orbicularis oculi• Orbicularis oris• Temporalis• Zygomaticus• Masseter• Buccinator• Sternocleidomastoid• Platysma
Frontalis• Origin
o Cranial aponeurosis
• Insertiono Skin of eyebrows
• Primary Action
o Raises eyebrows
Orbicularis oculi• Origin
o Frontal bone and maxilla
• Insertiono Tissue around the
eyes
• Primary Actionso Blinks o Closes eyes
Orbicularis oris• Origin
o Maxilla and mandible • Insertion
o Skin and muscle around the mouth
• Primary Actionso Closes and protrudes
lipso Known as the kissing
muscle because it is used to pucker the lips. (xo!).
Temporalis• Origin
o Temporal bone
• Insertion
o Mandible
• Primary Action
o Closes jaw
Zygomaticus• Origin
o Zygomatic bone
• Insertiono Skin and muscle
at corners of lips
• Primary Actiono Raises corner of
mouth
Masseter• Origin
o Zygomatic arch
• Insertiono Mandible
• Primary Action o Closes jaw
Buccinator• Origin
o Maxilla and mandible near molars
• Insertiono Orbicularis oris
• Primary Actionso Compresses cheek as in
whistling and sucking o Holds food between teeth
during chewing
Sternocleidomastoid• Origin
o Sternum and clavicle
• Insertiono Mastoid process of the
temporal bone
• Primary Actionso Contracted together = flex
neck o One contracts = head
rotated to side
Platysma• Origin
o Connective tissue covering of superior chest muscles
• Insertiono Tissue around the mouth
• Primary Actiono Pulls corners of the mouth
inferiorly ‘frown’
Neck/Trunk/ Shoulder Muscles• Superficial anterior muscles:
o Pectoralis majoro Rectus abdominiso External oblique
• Superficial posterior muscles:o Trapeziuso Latissimus dorsio Erector spinaeo Deltoid
Pectoralis major• Origin
o Clavicle
o Sternum
o 1st to 6th ribs
• Insertiono Proximal humerus
• Primary Actiono Adducts and flexes humerus
Rectus abdominis• Origin
o Pubis
• Insertiono Ribs 5-7
o Sternum
• Primary Action o Flexes vertebral
column
External oblique• Origin
o Lower 8 ribs
• Insertiono Iliac crest
• Primary Actions o Rotates and flexes
vertebral column
Trapezius• Origin
o Occipital boneo All cervical and thoracic
vertebrae
• Insertiono Clavicleo Scapular spine
• Primary Actiono Extends head and neck
Latissimus dorsi• Origin
o Lower spine
o Iliac crest
• Insertiono Proximal humerus
• Primary Actions o Extends and adducts
humerus
Erector spinae• Origin
o Iliac cresto Vertebræ o Ribs 3-12
• Insertiono Thoracic and cervical
vertebrae o Ribs
• Primary Action
o Extends the vertebral column
Deltoid• Origin
o Clavicle
o Spine of scapula
• Insertiono Deltoid tuberosity of
humerus
• Primary Action
o Abducts arm
Shoulder/Arm/Forearm Muscles
• Biceps brachii• Brachialis• Deltoid• Triceps brachii• Flexor carpi radialis• Flexor carpi ulnaris• Flexor digitorum superficialis• Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)• Extensor digitorum
Biceps brachii• Origin
o Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula
o Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
• Insertiono Proximal radius
• Primary Actionso Supinates forearm o Flexes elbow
Brachialis• Origin
o Distal humerus
• Insertiono Proximal ulna
• Primary Action
o Flexes elbow
Deltoid• Origin
o Clavicle
o Spine of scapula
• Insertiono Deltoid tuberosity of
humerus
• Primary Action
o Abducts arm
Triceps brachii• Origin
o Long head: scapula
o Lateral head: proximal humerus
o Medial head: proximal humerus
• Insertiono Olecranon process of ulna
• Primary Actiono Extends elbow
Flexor carpi radialis• Origin
o Distal humerus
• Insertiono Base of 2nd metacarpal
• Primary Actions
o Flexes and abducts hand (at wrist)
Flexor carpi ulnaris• Origin
o Humeral head: distal humeruso Ulnar head: posterior ulna
• Insertiono Carpals (pisiform bone, hook of
hamate bone)o 5th metacarpal bone
• Primary Action o Flexes and adducts hand (at
wrist)
Flexor digitorum superficialis• Origin
o Humoulnar head: distal humerus and ulna
o Radial head: superior half of radius
• Insertiono Middle phalanges of digits 2 - 5
• Primary Action o Flexes wrist and fingers
Extensor carpi radialis longus• Origin
o Humerus
• Insertiono Base of 2nd metacarpal
• Primary Actions o Extends and abducts hand
at wrist
Extensor carpi radialis brevis• Origin
o Humerus
• Insertiono Base of 3rd metacarpal
• Action o Extends and abducts hand
at wrist
Extensor digitorum• Origin
o Distal humerus
• Insertiono Phalanges of 2nd to 5th
fingers
• Primary Actions
o Extends fingers
o Extends hand at wrist
Hip/Thigh/Leg Muscles Anterior• Iliopsoas• Adductor muscles• Sartorius• Quadriceps group:
o Vastus medialiso Vastus intermediuso Vastus lateraliso Rectus femoris
• Tibialis anterior• Extensor digitorum longus• Fibularis muscles
Iliopsoas• Origin
o Psoas – lumbar vertebrae
o Iliacus – ilium
• Insertiono Femur (lesser trochanter)
• Primary Action
o Flexes the hip
Adductor muscles
• Origino Pubis
• Insertiono Femur
o Tibia
• Primary Action
o Adducts thigh
Sartorius• Origin
o Ilium
• Insertiono Proximal tibia
• Primary Actions
o Flexes and laterally rotates the thigh
Quadriceps GroupVastus medialis• Origin
o Femur
• Insertiono Tibial tuberosity via patellar
ligament
• Primary Action
o Extends the knee
Quadriceps GroupVastus intermedius• Origin
o Femur
• Insertiono Tibial tuberosity via patellar
ligament
• Primary Action
o Extends the knee
Quadriceps GroupVastus lateralis• Origin
o Femur
• Insertiono Tibial tuberosity via patellar
ligament
• Primary Action
o Extends the knee
Quadriceps GroupRectus femoris• Origin
o Ilium
• Insertiono Tibial tuberosity via patellar
ligament • Primary Actions
o Extends the knee o Flexes thigh (hip)
Tibialis anterior• Origin
o Proximal tibia
• Insertiono First cuneiform and first
metatarsal
• Primary Actions o Dorsiflexes and inverts foot
Extensor digitorum longus• Origin
o Proximal tibia and fibula
• Insertiono Distal phalanges 2-5
• Primary Actions o Extends toes 2 - 5
o Dorsiflexes foot
Fibularis or peroneus musclesPeroneus longus• Origin
o Fibula • Insertion
o Tarsal (medial
cuneiform) and
1st metatarsal • Primary Actions
o Eversiono Plantarflexion
Fibularis or peroneus musclesPeroneus brevis• Origin
o Fibula • Insertion
o Fifth metatarsal• Primary Actions
o Eversiono Plantarflexion
Fibularis or peroneus muscles
Peroneus tertius• Origin
o Fibula
• Insertiono Fifth metatarsal
• Primary Actions o Eversion
o Plantarflexion
Hip/Thigh/Leg Muscles Posterior
• Gluteus maximus
• Gluteus medius
• Hamstring muscleso Semitendinosuso Semimembranosuso Biceps femoris
• Gastrocnemius
• Soleus
Gluteus maximus• Origin
o Ilium, sacrum and coccyx
• Insertiono Lateral femur
• Primary Action
o Extends hip (thigh)
Gluteus medius• Origin
o Ilium
• Insertiono Greater trochanter of femur
• Primary Actions o Abducts thigho Steadies pelvis during
walking
Hamstring Muscles
Semitendinosus• Origin
o Ischial tuberosity
• Insertiono Proximal tibia
• Primary Actions o Extends the thigh
o Flexes the knee
Hamstring Muscles
Semimembranosus• Origin
o Ischial tuberosity
• Insertiono Proximal tibia
• Primary Action o Extends the thigh
o Flexes the knee
Hamstring Muscles
Biceps femoris • Origin
o Long head – ischial tuberosityo Short head –lateral femur
• Insertiono Head of fibula
• Primary Actions o Extends the thigh o Flexes the knee
Long head Short head
Gastrocnemius• Origin
o Medial head – medial epicondyle of femur
o Lateral head – lateral epicondyle of femur
• Insertiono Calcaneus
• Primary Actions
o Flexes kneeo Plantar flexes foot
Soleus
• Origino Tibia
o Fibula
• Insertiono Calcaneus
• Action o Plantar flexes foot