muscular system
DESCRIPTION
MUSCULAR SYSTEM. “the power system”. FACTS: . Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue. There are 650 different muscles in the human body. Muscles give us form and shape. Muscles produce most of our body heat. THREE MAIN FUNCTIONS. Responsible for all body movement. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
“the power system”
![Page 2: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
FACTS:
• Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue.
• There are 650 different muscles in the human body.
• Muscles give us form and shape.
• Muscles produce most of our body heat.
![Page 3: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
THREE MAIN FUNCTIONS
• Responsible for all body movement.• Responsible for body form and shape (posture)• Responsible for body heat and maintaining body temperature.
![Page 4: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Types of muscles
•Skeletal•Smooth•Cardiac•Sphincter
![Page 5: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Skeletal Muscle
• Attached to bone• Striated (striped)
appearance• VOLUNTARY• Contract quickly, fatigue
easily, can’t maintain contraction for long period of time
![Page 6: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Skeletal Muscles
• Each skeletal muscle cell contains many nuclei
• Muscle cells are known as muscle fibers
• Cell membrane is call sarcolemma
• Cytoplasm is called sarcoplasm
![Page 7: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Smooth Muscle
• Visceral (organ) muscle• Found in walls of
digestive system, uterus and blood vessels
• Cells small and spindle-shaped
• INVOLUNTARY• Controlled by
autonomic nervous system
• Act slowly, do not tire easily, can remain contracted for long time
![Page 8: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cardiac Muscle
• Found only in the heart
• Striated and branched
• Involuntary• Cells are
fused – when one contracts, they all contract
![Page 9: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sphincter• special
circular muscles in openings of esophagus and stomach, stomach and small intestine, anus, urethra and mouth.
![Page 10: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLES
• CONTRACTIBILITY – the ability of a muscle to reduce the distance between the parts of its contents or the space it surrounds.
• EXCITEABILITY (IRRITABILITY) – the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing impulses.
![Page 11: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLES
• EXTENSIBILITY – the ability to be stretched.
• ELASTICITY – ability of muscle to return to its original length when relaxing.
![Page 12: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Naming Muscles• Location:
– frontalis-forehead• Size:
– gluteus maximus• Direction of fibers:• external abdominal oblique• Number of origins:
– Biceps-two headed muscle in humerus• Location of origin and Insertion:
sternocleidomastoid- origin in sternum
![Page 13: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Naming muscles• Action flexor:– flexor carpi ulnaris- flexes the wrist
• Extensor: – extensor carpi ulnaris- extends the
wrist• Levator and Depressor:– depressor anguli oris-depresses the
corner of the mouth, raises or lowers body parts
![Page 14: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
MOVEMENT• Muscles move bones by pulling on
them. • As a muscle contracts, it pulls the
insertion bone closer to the origin bone. Movement occurs at the joint between the origin and the insertion.
• Rule: A muscle’s insertion bone moves toward its origin bone.
• Groups of muscles usually contract to produce a single movement.
![Page 15: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Muscle Contraction
• Sarcolemma: muscle cell membrane
• Synaptic Cleft: gap between the axon and the muscle cell.
![Page 16: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Muscle Contraction
• MOTOR UNIT – a motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it stimulates.
• NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION – the
junction between the motor neuron’s fiber which transmits the impulse – and the muscle cell membrane.
• ACETYLCHOLINE – chemical neurotransmitter, diffuses across the synaptic cleft (carries impulse across synaptic cleft)
![Page 17: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• MUSCLE FATIGUE – caused by the accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles.
• OXYGEN DEBT – after exercise, the amount of oxygen needed by the muscle to change lactic acid back to glucose.
• MUSCLE TONE - When muscles
are slightly contracted and ready to pull.
![Page 18: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Muscle Efficiency
• Improves:-Coordination of all muscles
involved-Respiratory and circulatory
system to supply needs of active muscular system
-Elimination of excess fat-Joint movement involved with
that muscle activity
![Page 19: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Muscle Strength
• Strength (capacity to do work) is increased with training
• Muscle size increase due to change in the sarcoplasm (cytoplasm found in the individual skeletal muscle fibers) Not the increase in the number of muscle fiber cells
![Page 20: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Muscle Attachments
• Tendons: non-elastic cords that attach muscles to bones
• Bones are connected at joints
![Page 21: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
DIAPHRAGM
• Dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities, aids in breathing
![Page 22: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Disorders and Related Terminology
• ATROPHY – wasting away of muscle due to lack of use.
• If we fail to exercise our muscles weaken and become flaccid ex. Quadriplegics, elderly on bedrest, extremity in a cast, etc.
![Page 23: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Massage of these muscles is essential in providing the proper physiotherapy or a general sense of comfort and well-being to a patient, also prevents atrophy in debilitated patients
![Page 24: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• HYPERTROPHY – an increase in the size of the muscle cell.
• when over exercise the size of the muscle fibers increase due to a change in the sarcoplasm (not due to an increase in number of muscle fiber cells)
![Page 25: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• STRAIN – tear in the muscle resulting from excessive use. Bleeding inside the muscle can result in pain and swelling. Ice packs will help stop bleeding and reduce swelling.– RICE : rest, ice, compression,
elevation
![Page 26: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• Rehabilitation: retaining of injured or unused muscles • MYALGIA – muscle pain
![Page 27: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• TENDONITIS – inflammation of a tendon
![Page 28: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• MUSCLE SPASM (cramp) – sustained contraction of the muscle, usually because of overuse.
![Page 29: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Torticolis
• Or wry neck, may be due to an inflammation of the trapezius and/or
• Sternocleidomastoid muscle
![Page 30: MUSCULAR SYSTEM](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568163d1550346895dd5176a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
La belleza perece en la vida pero es inmortal en el arte.
Leonardo Da Vinci