muscular system
DESCRIPTION
Muscular System. Muscular Syste m. Muscles use chemical energy to exert a pulling force Many functions Movement of body parts Propel body fluids and food Heartbeat Distribute heat Protects body. Types of Muscle. Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle Skeletal Muscle. Smooth Muscle. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Muscular System](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/568165cb550346895dd8d3a6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Muscular System
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• Muscles use chemical energy to exert a pulling force
• Many functions– Movement of body
parts– Propel body fluids
and food– Heartbeat– Distribute heat– Protects body
Muscular System
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• Smooth Muscle
• Cardiac Muscle
• Skeletal Muscle
Types of Muscle
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• Peristalsis, vasoconstriction• No Striations• Single nucleus• No Transverse Tubules• No Intercalated Discs• Involuntary• Tapered
Smooth Muscle
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• Heartbeat• Striations• Single nucleus• Transverse Tubules• Intercalated Discs• Involuntary• Branched
Cardiac Muscle
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• Movement of bones at joints• Striations• Multiple nuclei• Transverse Tubules• No Intercalated Discs• Voluntary• Non-Branched
Skeletal Muscle
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• Skeletal muscles act as levers
• Levers are simple mechanical devices consisting of a– Rod– Fulcrum– Weight (Resistance)– Force Applied
Levers
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• Fulcrum located between resistance and force• Ex. Extending the arm at the elbow
1st Class Lever
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• Resistance located between fulcrum and force• Ex. Opening mouth at mandible
2nd Class Lever
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• Force located between resistance and fulcrum• Ex. Flexing arm at the elbow
3rd Class Lever
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• Origin – The head of the muscle, usually superior, relatively immobile
• Insertion – The end of the muscle, usually inferior, relatively mobile
• When a muscle contracts, the insertion is moved towards the origin
Features of Muscle
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• Agonist – A muscle that causes an action– Ex. Deltoid is the agonist for abduction of arm
• Antagonist – A muscle that opposes an action– Ex. Pectoralis Major is the antagonist for
abduction of arm• Synergist – Muscles that work together• Prime Mover – The muscle that does most of
the work in synergistic relationships
Muscle Interactions
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• Flexion – Moving parts at a joint, angle decreases
• Extension – Moving parts at a joint, angle increases
• Hyperextension – Extension beyond anatomical position
Types of Movements
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• Dorsiflexion – Moving ankle closer to shin• Plantar Flexion – Moving ankle further from
shin
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• Abduction – Moving a body part away from the midline of the body
• Adduction – Moving a body part towards the midline of the body, think ADDuction= ADDing to body
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• Medial Rotation – Turning a limb on its axis towards the midline of the body
• Lateral Rotation – Turning a limb on its axis away from the midline of the body
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• Circumduction – Moving a body part so that it follows a circular path
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• Pronation – Rotation of forearm so that the palm is facing downward
• Supination – Rotation of forearm so that the palm is facing upward, think “holds soup”
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• Eversion – Turning the foot so the bottom faces laterally
• Inversion – Turning the foot so the bottom faces medially
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• Protraction – Moving a body part forward• Retraction – Moving a body part backward
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• Elevation – Raising a part of the body• Depression – Lowering a part of the body