muscular system animal movement is based on contraction of muscles working against part of the...
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Muscular System• Animal movement is based on contraction
of muscles working against part of the skeleton
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Muscle Tissue
• Cells that contract
• Three types of muscle tissue:
1. Skeletal
2. Cardiac
3. Smooth
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Types of Muscle Tissue
• Skeletal: voluntary
attached to bones
striated: repeating units of contractile proteins, actin and myosin
long, cylinders
multinucleated
many
mitochondria
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Types of Muscle Tissue
• Cardiac: involuntary
only in the heart
unit contractions
due to gap junctions
branched
striated
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Types of Muscle Tissue
• Smooth: involuntary
walls of organs
tapered cells
unstriated
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Classification of muscle
Voluntary Involuntary
Limbs Heart Viscera
Striated Non-striated
Skeletal Cardiac Smooth
Note: Control, Location and Structure
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Muscle Control
Type of muscle
Nervouscontrol
Type of control
Example
SkeletalSkeletal Controlled by CNS
Voluntary Lifting a glass
Cardiac Regulated by ANS
Involuntary Heart beating
Smooth Controlled by ANS
Involuntary Peristalsis
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REMEMBER!
• Tendon connects muscle to bone
• Ligament connects bone to bone
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Tendons
• Muscles are attached to TWO different bones by tendons.
• When the muscle contracts only ONE bone moves.
• The place where the muscle is attached to the stationary bone is called the Origin.
• The place where the muscle is attached to the moving bone is called the Insertion.
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Muscles Pull NEVER Push!!
• Muscles only contract and relax
• Contraction (=shortening) of a muscle pulls a bone
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Antagonist Muscle Pairs• To make a joint move
in two directions, you need two muscles that can pull in opposite directions.
• Antagonistic muscles are pairs of muscles that work against each other.
• One muscle contracts while the other one relaxes
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Muscles work in Antagonistic Pairs Flexor and Extensor
Flexor
Extensor
Flexor = decreases the angle between two bones
Extensor = increases the angle between two bones
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True or False
Muscles cause movement by pushing and pulling on the bones of the skeleton.
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True or False
Muscles cause movement by pushing and pulling on the bones of the skeleton.
FALSE!
Muscles NEVER push. They can only pull.
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Short Answer
List the three types of muscle tissue.
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Short Answer
List the three types of muscle tissue.
Skeletal Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
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Multiple Choice
Voluntary muscle tissue is also called
A. skeletal muscle.
B. smooth muscle.
C. cardiac muscle.
D. All of the above.
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Multiple Choice
Voluntary muscle tissue is also called
A. skeletal muscle.
B. smooth muscle.
C. cardiac muscle.
D. All of the above.
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Multiple Choice
A muscle that decreases the angle between two bones is called
A. an extensor.
B. a flexor.
C. a tendon.
D. an antagonistic pair.
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Multiple Choice
A muscle that decreases the angle between two bones is called
A. an extensor.
B. a flexor.
C. a tendon.
D. an antagonistic pair.
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Biceps brachii
Deltoid
Frontalis
Gastrocnemius
Pectoralis major
Rectus abdominis
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
SternocleidomastoidTrapezius
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Biceps femoris
Deltoid
Gastrocnemius
Gluteus maximus
Latissimus dorsi
Sartorius
Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius
Tricepsbrachii
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Skeletal Muscle Organization
• Skeletal muscle fibers (= cells) are bundled into packages called fascicle
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Skeletal Muscle Organization
• Fibers (=cells) are made up of myofibrils that consist of actin (thin filament) and myosin (thick filament)
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Sarcomere repeating unitsof actin and myosin within a myofibril
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Myosin (Thick Filament)
Actin (Thin Filament)
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• When the muscle is at rest, a long, rod-like tropomyosin molecule blocks the myosin-binding sites that are instrumental in forming cross bridges.
•When another protein complex, troponin, binds calcium ions, the actin binding sites are exposed, cross-bridges with myosin can form, and contraction begins.
Sliding Filament Model Mechanism for Muscle Contraction
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Sliding Filament Model (continued)
• Ca+ comes from the sacroplasmic reticulum in the plasma membrane around each myofibril
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Cross Bridging b/t Actin and Myosin
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Sliding Filament Theory Animations
• http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthews/myosin.html
• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter42/animations.html#