muscular system ch....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Muscular System
Ch. 24
Dr. Thorson
![Page 2: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Lesson Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to:
1.Define and spell the terms to learn for this chapter.
2.Explain the functions of muscle.
3.Identify and discuss types of muscle tissue.
4.Discuss the energy requirements for muscles.
![Page 3: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Lesson Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to:
5.Explain the structure of skeletal muscles.
6.List and discuss the three types of skeletal muscle movements.
7.Identify the major skeletal muscle groups of the body.
![Page 4: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Muscle Characteristics
• Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body weight.
• Each muscle is made of specialized cells called muscle fibers.
• Muscle fibers held together by connective tissue.
• Connective tissue held together by fibrous sheath called fascia.
![Page 5: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Muscle Characteristics
• Each fiber within a muscle has its own nervous system connection with a stored supply of energy in the form of glycogen.
• Muscle must be supplied with proper nutrition and oxygen to perform properly.
![Page 6: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Muscle Characteristics
• Muscular system permeated by vessels from circulatory and lymphatic systems.
![Page 7: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Functions of Muscle
• Movement
• Attributed to muscle contraction
• Contractibility main function of muscular system
• Muscles, attached to bones, internal organs, and blood vessels are responsible for all types of bodily movement
![Page 8: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
FIGURE 24-1A Selected skeletal muscles (anterior view)
![Page 9: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
FIGURE 24-1B Selected skeletal muscles and the Achilles tendon (posterior view)
![Page 10: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Functions of Muscle
• Stability
• Tonicity
• Body’s ability to maintain posture through a continual partial contraction of skeletal muscles
• Muscular system works in conjunction with skeletal system to provide stability
![Page 11: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Functions of Muscle
• Circulation and Respiration
• Heart composed of cardiac muscle tissue
• Involuntary movement and contraction of heart muscle responsible for circulating blood throughout body, providing essential nutrients and oxygen
![Page 12: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Functions of Muscle
• Circulation and Respiration
• Respiration controlled by muscle movements
• Diaphragm major muscle responsible for breathing
![Page 13: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Functions of Muscle
• Heat Production
• Muscles produce heat through chemical changes involved in muscular contraction
• Helps body maintain a normal temperature
![Page 14: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Functions of Muscle
• Heat Production
• Digestion and Elimination
• Involuntary action of smooth muscles of digestive tract transport food through stomach and intestines
• Muscles help in eliminating fecal matter from body
![Page 15: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Types of Muscle Tissue
• Muscles composed of:
• 75 percent water
• 20 percent protein
• 5 percent carbohydrates, lipids, inorganic salts, nonprotein nitrogenous compounds
![Page 16: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Types of Muscle Tissue
• Three types of muscle tissue
• Skeletal
• Smooth
• Cardiac
![Page 17: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
FIGURE 24-2 Types of muscle tissue.
![Page 18: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Critical Thinking Question
1.What categorizes a muscle tissue as voluntary or involuntary?
![Page 19: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Types of Muscle Tissue
• Smooth Muscle
• Involuntary muscle
• Composed of elongated, spindle-shaped cells
• Also called visceral muscles because they are found in body’s organs (viscera)
![Page 20: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Types of Muscle Tissue
• Smooth Muscle
• Contain no striations and nucleus centrally located
• It is not voluntarily controlled
![Page 21: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Types of Muscle Tissue
• Skeletal Muscle
• Voluntary or striated muscle
• Can perform skeletal movement because it is attached to the bones of the body
• Responsible for voluntary movements
• Made up of cylindrical fibers
• Nucleus toward edge of each striated (striped in appearance) cell
![Page 22: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Types of Muscle Tissue
• Cardiac Muscle
• Found in the heart
• Cells have single central nucleus
• Roughly quadrangular in shape
• Cells both striated and involuntary
![Page 23: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Types of Muscle Tissue
• Cardiac Muscle
• Supplied with nerve fibers that carry messages to and from central nervous system
• Each involuntary contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscle results in a heartbeat
![Page 24: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Energy Production for Muscle
• Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
• Type of chemical energy needed for sustained or repeated muscular contractions
• Produced by either aerobic (with oxygen) or anaerobic (without oxygen) means
![Page 25: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Energy Production for Muscle
• Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
• Aerobic production of ATP
• With oxygen, body uses carbohydrates, fats, proteins to produce energy
• Provides more energy that is available to use and is required for endurance
![Page 26: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Energy Production for Muscle
• Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
• Anaerobic production of ATP
• Body uses stored glucose (glycogen) to make ATP without oxygen
• Glycogen breaks down into ATP and lactic acid simultaneously
• Useful for small bursts of energy rather than endurance
![Page 27: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Energy Production for Muscle
• Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
• Creatine phosphate production of ATP
• Another method of acquiring muscular energy (ATP)
• Done without the use of oxygen
• Limited to skeletal muscles and is used for small bursts of energy
![Page 28: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Oxygen Debt and Muscle Fatigue
• Occurs when skeletal muscles are used vigorously for more than 1 or 2 minutes
• When oxygen is lacking, body is unable to produce energy through aerobic means
• Anaerobic method of creating energy is activated
![Page 29: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Oxygen Debt and Muscle Fatigue
• Body can only use anaerobic energy for about 60 seconds before severe fatigue sets in, making it very difficult to recover
• To recover from oxygen debt, body must increase respiration to bring more oxygen into the bloodstream to reach the muscles
![Page 30: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Oxygen Debt and Muscle Fatigue
• Muscle fatigue develops as result of accumulation of lactic acid produced along with ATP during anaerobic metabolism
• Accumulation of lactic acid decreases muscle’s ability to contract
![Page 31: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Oxygen Debt and Muscle Fatigue
• Muscle cramps may occur
• May occur if blood supply to muscle is stopped or interrupted or if a motor neuron loses its ability to release acetylcholine
![Page 32: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Structure of Skeletal Muscles
• More than 600 different skeletal muscles responsible for movement of body
• Contractility
• Extensibility
• Elasticity
![Page 33: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
FIGURE 24-3 A skeletal muscle consists of a group of fibers held together by connective tissue. It is enclosed in a fibrous sheath (fascia).
![Page 34: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Skeletal Muscle Structures
• Fascia
• Covers entire skeletal muscle
• Separates muscles from one another
• Epimysium
• Thin fascia covering on muscle
• Separates skeletal muscles from one another
![Page 35: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Skeletal Muscle Structures
• Perimysium
• Comprised of connective tissue
• Divides muscle into sections called fascicles
![Page 36: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Skeletal Muscle Structures
• Endomysium
• Comprised of connective tissue
• Surrounds individual muscle cell
• Tendon
• Thick structure of fibrous connective tissue
• Connect skeletal muscle to bones
![Page 37: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Skeletal Muscle Structures
• Aponeurosis
• Thin, sheet-like tendon
• Connects muscle to muscle
![Page 38: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Attachments to Skeletal Muscles
• Origin
• Muscle’s attachment point to a bone that is primarily fixed or still
• Insertion
• Attachment point of the other end of that muscle to a bone that moves
![Page 39: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Attachments to Skeletal Muscles
• Prime Mover or Agonist
• Muscle that is the primary actor in a given movement; produces the movement in muscle contraction
• Antagonist
• Muscle that counteracts, or opposes, the action of another muscle
![Page 40: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Attachments to Skeletal Muscles
• Synergist
• Muscle that acts with another muscle, most often a prime mover, to produce movement
![Page 41: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Major Skeletal Muscles
• Muscles of the head
• Muscles of the arm, wrist, hand, fingers
• Respiratory muscles
• Abdominal muscles
• Muscles of the pectoral girdle
• Muscles of the leg, ankle, and foot
![Page 42: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Major Skeletal Muscles
• Muscles of the Head
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Pulls head from side to side and to the chest
• Splenius capitis
• Rotates head and allows it to bend to the side
• Frontalis
• Raises the eyebrows
![Page 43: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Major Skeletal Muscles
• Muscles of the Head
• Orbicularis oris
• Allows the lips to pucker
• Orbicularis oculi
• Allows the eyes to close
• Zygomaticus
• Pulls up corners of the mouth
• Platysma
• Pulls down corners of the mouth
![Page 44: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Major Skeletal Muscles
• Muscles of the Head
• Masseter and temporalis
• Close the jaw
![Page 45: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
FIGURE 24-4 Muscles of the head, neck, and face.
![Page 46: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Major Skeletal Muscles
• Muscles of the Arm, Wrist, Hand, Fingers
• Pectoralis major
• Pulls arm across the chest, also rotates/adducts
• Lattissimus dorsi
• Extension, adduction, and inward rotation of the arm
![Page 47: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Major Skeletal Muscles
• Muscles of the Arm, Wrist, Hand, Fingers
• Deltoid
• Abduction/extension of the arm at the shoulder
• Serratus anterior
• Pulls scapula forward
![Page 48: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Major Skeletal Muscles
• Muscles of the Arm, Wrist, Hand, Fingers
• Subscapularis
• Rotates arm medially
• Infraspinatus
• Rotates arm laterally
![Page 49: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
FIGURE 24-5 Muscles of the posterior torso that are responsible for arm movements.
![Page 50: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Major Skeletal Muscles
• Muscles of the Arm, Wrist, Hand, Fingers
• Biceps brachii
• Flexes arm at elbow and rotates hand laterally
• Brachialis
• Flexes arm at elbow
• Brachioradialis
• Flexes forearm at elbow
![Page 51: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Major Skeletal Muscles
• Muscles of the Arm, Wrist, Hand, Fingers
• Triceps brachii
• Extends arm at elbow
• Supinator
• Rotates forearm laterally
• Pronator teres
• Rotates forearm medially
![Page 52: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
FIGURE 24-6 Muscles of the arm and hand
![Page 53: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Major Skeletal Muscles
• Muscles of the Arm, Wrist, Hand, Fingers
• Flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris
• Flex/abduct wrist
• Palmaris longus
• Flexes wrist
• Flexor digitorum profundus
• Flexes distal joints of fingers, not thumbs
![Page 54: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Major Skeletal Muscles
• Muscles of the Arm, Wrist, Hand, Fingers
• Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
• Extends wrists, abducts hands
• Extensor carpi ulnaris
• Extends wrists
• Extensor digitorum
• Extends fingers, not thumbs
![Page 55: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Major Skeletal Muscles
• Respiratory Muscles
• Diaphragm
• Separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
• Its contraction causes the process of inspiration
• External and internal intercostals
• Contraction expands and lowers ribs during breathing
![Page 56: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Major Skeletal Muscles
• Abdominal Muscles
• External and internal obliques
• Compress the abdominal wall
• Transversus abdminis
• Also compresses abdominal wall
• Rectus abdominis
• Flexes vertebral column
• Compresses abdominal wall
![Page 57: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
FIGURE 24-7 Abdominal muscles.
![Page 58: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Major Skeletal Muscles
• Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle
• Trapezius
• Raises arms
• Pulls shoulders downward
• Pectoralis minor
• Pulls scapula downward
• Raises the ribs
![Page 59: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Major Skeletal Muscles
• Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot
• Psoas major
• Flexes thigh
• Iliacus
• Also flexes thigh
• Gluteus maximus
• Extends thigh
• Gluteus medius and minimus
• Abduct thigh and rotate it laterally
![Page 60: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Major Skeletal Muscles
• Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot
• Hamstring group
• Flex leg at knee and extend leg at thigh; muscles include biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
![Page 61: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Major Skeletal Muscles
• Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot
• Quadriceps group
• Extend leg at knee; muscles include vastus lateralis, vastusmedialis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris
• Sartorius
• Performs multiple functions including flexing knee and thigh, abducting thigh, enabling act of being able to sit cross-legged
![Page 62: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Major Skeletal Muscles
• Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot
• Gastrocnemius
• Flexes foot and aids in pushing body forward
• Tibialis anterior
• Causes dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
![Page 63: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Major Skeletal Muscles
• Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot
• Peroneus
• Everts foot and helps bring about plantar flexion
• Flexor digitorum longus and extensor digitorum longus
• Flexes and extends toes and assist in other movements of feet
![Page 64: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Muscles of the buttocks, leg, and foot
![Page 65: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Critical Thinking Question
1.What types of conditions occur in the muscular system?
![Page 66: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Atrophy
• Occurs with disuse of muscles over a long period of time
• Lipoatrophy is atrophy of fat tissue, common at injection sites
• Signs and symptoms
• Apparent “wasting away” appearance of a muscle group
• Extreme weakness and fatigue associated with atrophic muscle groups
![Page 67: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Atrophy
• Treatments
• Isometric exercises of immobilized muscle
• Active exercise of uninjured limbs helps prevention
![Page 68: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Fibromyalgia
• Musculoskeletal pain and fatigue disorder
• More common in women than men
• No obvious known cause; evidence of possible genetic predisposition
![Page 69: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Fibromyalgia
• Signs and symptoms
• Mild to severe muscle pain and fatigue
• Sleep disorders
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Depression
• Chronic headaches
![Page 70: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Fibromyalgia
• American College of Rheumatology has identified specific criteria for diagnosis
• Patient must show:
• Pain at 11-18 trigger or tender points to be considered for this diagnosis
• History of widespread pain lasting at least three months
![Page 71: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Fibromyalgia
• No known cure
• Treatment geared toward improving quality of sleep and reducing pain
• Muscle relaxants, pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs
• Chiropractic, acupuncture, acupressure, relaxation techniques, massage
![Page 72: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
FIGURE 24-9 The 18 tender points of fibromyalgia.
![Page 73: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Ganglion Cyst
• Benign saclike swelling or cyst that typically develops over a joint or tendon
• More common in women than men
• No known cause
![Page 74: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Ganglion Cyst
• Signs and symptoms
• Fluid-filled masses occur on hands, feet, wrists, and ankles and are very painful
• Erratic swelling can occur, developing and disappearing without cause
![Page 75: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Ganglion Cyst
• Anti-inflammatory drugs
• Aspiration of fluid (74% effective rate)
• Surgery if pain or decreased range of motion occurs
![Page 76: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Lyme Disease
• Caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium
• Carried by ticks and transmitted through bite of an infected tick
![Page 77: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Lyme Disease
• Signs and symptoms
• Round “bull’s eye” rash
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Neck stiffness
• Fever
![Page 78: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Lyme Disease
• Prevention
• Wearing long sleeves and pants while in heavily wooded areas
• Proper use of insect repellant
• Prompt removal of any tick that may be lodged in the skin
![Page 79: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Lyme Disease
• Treatment
• Erythromycin
• Penicillins
• Doxycycline
![Page 80: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Muscular Dystrophy (MD)
• Genetic disease
• Progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal or voluntary muscles
• Nine major forms
• Signs and symptoms (general)
• Muscle weakness
• Loss of coordination
• Immobility
![Page 81: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Muscular Dystrophy (MD)
• Treatment
• No specific treatment for any of the forms
• Physical therapy to prevent contractures
• Orthoses for support
• Corrective orthopedic surgery
• Emery-Dreifuss and myotonic forms may necessitate a pacemaker due to associated cardiac problems
![Page 82: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
• Chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease
• Most common in young adult women and older men
• Affects any voluntary muscle, but more often found in the eye and jaw areas
![Page 83: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
• Muscle weakness increases during periods of activity, improves after rest
• Weakness may also occur in muscles that control breathing and arm and leg movements
![Page 84: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
• Treatment
• No cure
• Controllable
• Corticosteroids and anticholinesterase
• Surgery, including removal of thymus gland, may be required
![Page 85: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Rotator Cuff Tears
• Common in shoulder muscles and tendons
• Due to many years of overuse of these muscles and tendons
• Also caused by one single traumatic injury
![Page 86: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Rotator Cuff Tears
• Limited ROM and function of shoulder area
• Considerable pain
• Atrophy of shoulder muscle
• Cracking sensation when shoulder moved into certain positions
![Page 87: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Rotator Cuff Tears
• Rest
• Narcotic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Splinting
• Physical therapy
• Range of range-of-motion exercises
• Severe injuries may require steroid injections and possibly surgery
![Page 88: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
FIGURE 24-10 A rotator cuff tear Images
![Page 89: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Shin Splints
• Caused by overuse or improper conditioning of the leg muscles
• Common in running sports, military training, high impact dancing
• Also found with flat feet or rigid arches
• Increased pain, tenderness, possible swelling along shin area
![Page 90: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Shin Splints
• Rest
• Ice or cold compresses to shin area
• Aspirin and NSAIDs for pain management and to reduce swelling
• Use of proper footwear to prevent future episodes
![Page 91: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Sprain
• Stretching or tearing
• Injury to ligament (connective tissue that connects bones or connects cartilage to joint)
• Strain
• Injury to either a muscle or a tendon
![Page 92: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Sprains
• Occur after ligament has been overstretched or torn, especially in ligaments of major joints (elbows, knees, wrists, ankles, feet)
• Ankle sprains most common injury in United States
![Page 93: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Sprains
• Pain
• Swelling
• Bruising
• Loss of joint mobility and function
• Vary in intensity
![Page 94: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• RICE Method
• Rest (if joint is weight bearing, use canes, crutches, or other walking devices)
• Ice (ice pack or cold compress)
• Compression (bandages to encourage proper healing)
• Elevation (above or at same level as heart)
![Page 95: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Sprains
• Range of motion exercises
• Physical therapy
• NSAIDS
• Surgery in rare instances
![Page 96: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Strains
• Twisting or pulling of a muscle
• Chronic: prolonged, repetitive movements
• Acute: improper lifting of a heavy object
![Page 97: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Strains
• High risks found in sports such as:
• Soccer
• Football
• Hockey
• Tennis
• Gymnastics
![Page 98: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Strains
• Signs and symptoms
• Pain
• Muscle weakness
• Muscle spasms
• Loss of muscle function
• Inflammation
• Cramping
• Swelling
![Page 99: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Sprains
• Treatment
• Similar to that of a sprain (RICE method)
• Anti-inflammatory medications
• Gentle stretching
• Heat application
• On occasion, brace to limit mobility of injured muscle
![Page 100: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Tendonitis
• Tendon
• Band of connective tissue at each end of muscle that attaches muscle to a bone
• Excessive and repetitive movements causing inflammation and tears of the tendon
![Page 101: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Tendonitis
• Common areas include:
• Elbow and wrist
• Biceps and shoulder
• Hip, leg, knee
• Achilles
![Page 102: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Tendonitis
• Pain and stiffness in affected area
• Burning sensation surrounding joint or inflamed tendon
• Pain can worsen during or right after activity
![Page 103: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Tendonitis
• Proper care can lessen symptoms over three weeks
• Healing does not occur for at least six weeks following initial injury
• Support and protect via braces to affected area
• Physical therapy, including exercises to increase range of motion
![Page 104: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Tetanus
• Often fatal, infectious disease
• Caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria
![Page 105: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Tetanus
• Toxin enters body through puncture, cut or open wound
• Profound painful muscle spasms
• Lockjaw
• Difficulty swallowing due to neck stiffness
• Stiffness of chest, abdominal, back muscles
• Fever
![Page 106: Muscular System Ch. 24ftc-drthorson.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/4/4/55444029/muscular_system_ftc_.pdfMuscle Characteristics •Muscles make up about 42 percent of a person’s total body](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051900/5fef3f2de397570aa205d894/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Common Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
• Tetanus
• Prevention best course of treatment
• All children should be immunized against tetanus by receiving a full series of five diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT, or Tdap) vaccinations