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Muscular  System  NC  Chiropractic  Assistant  Certification  Education  

Dr.  Joe  Siragusa    

Fundamentals  

Ê Anatomy-­‐  the  study  of  the  parts  

Ê Physiology-­‐  the  study  of  how  the  parts  function  

Ê The  Cell-­‐  basic  unit  of  life  

Ê Atoms  (Elements)  –  Molecules  –  Cells  –  Tissue  –  Organs  –  

Ê Organ  Systems  i.e.  Skeletal,  muscular,  nervous,  digestive  

Fundamentals  

Ê  Cells  have  a  pre-­‐programmed  structure  and  function  

Ê  Controlled  by  Innate,  Life  Force,  other  

Ê  Cells  that  BALANCE  their  functions  based  on  the  environment  are  in  HOMEOSTASIS  (steady-­‐state)  

Ê  Cells,  tissues,  organs,  and  organ  systems  that  are  maintaining  a  steady  state  are  in  HOMEOSTASIS  or  HEALTH  

Ê  The  inability  to  maintain  homeostasis  is  DISEASE  

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Subluxation  

Ê  Spinal  dysfunction/misalignment  plus  nerve  interference  that  prevents  homeostasis  

Ê  May  include:  Ê  Spasm  

Ê  Inflammation  Ê  Pain  

Ê  Swelling  

Ê  Redness  

Ê  Heat  

Ê  Loss  of  Function  (Disease)  

Joint  Motions  

Ê  Anatomical  Position  

Ê  Midline  Reference  

Ê  Flexion  

Ê  Extension  

Ê  Rotation  

Ê  Depression  

Ê  Elevation  

Muscle  Functions  

Ê  They  only  do  work  when  they  shorten  

Ê  Lengthen  only  passively  

Ê  Generate  heat  

Ê  Provide  cushioning  for  bone  

Ê  Cause  motion  when  they  cross  a  joint  

Ê  Give  the  body  shape  

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Muscle  Physiology  

Ê  Use  sugar  for  energy  

Ê  Require  oxygen  EXCEPT  for  short  periods  of  work  

Ê  Produce  lactic  acid  as  a  waste  product  

Ê  Cramps  

Ê  Blood  flow  removes  waste  products  

Skeletal  Muscle  Cells  

Ê  Muscle  Cells    

Ê  Contraction    

Ê  Nerve  Impulse  

Ê  Muscle  shortens  

Ê  Tendons  connect  to  bones    

Ê  Cross  Joints  to  cause  motion  

Skeletal  Muscle  Tissue  

Ê  Stretch  

Ê  Responds  to  stress  

Ê  Tendon  

Ê  Belly  

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Skeletal  Muscles  

Ê  Muscles-­‐  we  will  review  only  the  major  skeletal  muscles  with  an  emphasis  on  the  most  clinically  relevant  to  the  CA  

Muscles  and  Motions  

Ê  TMJ  Ê  Elevation  –  Masseter,  Temporalis  

Ê  Depression  –  Platysma  

Muscles  and  Motions  

Ê  Cervical  Ê  Rotation  –  Sternocleidomastoid  

Ê  Flexion  –  Sternocleidomastoid  

Ê  Extension  –  Erector  Spinae  

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Muscles  and  Motions  

Ê  Trunk  

Ê  Flexion-­‐  Abdominals,  SCM  

Ê  Extension-­‐  Erector  Spinae  (Paravertebral  Muscles)  

Muscles  and  Motions  

Ê  Shoulder  1.  Extension  –  Triceps  

2.  Flexion-­‐    Biceps  

3.  Elevation  –  Trapezius  (Shrug  and  trigger  points)  

4.  Abduction  –  Deltoid  and  Suprapinatous  (Rotator  Cuff)  

5.  Adduction  –    Lattissimus  Dorsi  (Swimmer’s)  

6.  Internal  Rotation  with  Flexion  –  Pectoralis  Major  

1  2  

3  

4

4  

5    

5    

6    

Muscles  and  Motions  

Ê  Shoulder  1.  Extension  –  Triceps  

2.  Flexion-­‐    Biceps  

1  2  

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Muscles  and  Motions  

Ê  Shoulder  3.  Elevation  –  Trapezius  (Shrug  and  trigger  points)  

4.  Abduction  –  Deltoid  and  Suprapinatous  (Rotator  Cuff)  

5.  Adduction  –    Lattissimus  Dorsi  (Swimmer’s)  

4  4  

5    

5    

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Muscles  and  Motions  

Ê  Shoulder  6.  Internal  Rotation  with  Flexion  –  Pectoralis  Major  

(Bench  Press)  

   

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Muscles  and  Motions  

Ê  Elbow  Ê  Flexion-­‐  Biceps  Ê  Extension-­‐  Triceps  

Ê  Wrist  and  Fingers  Ê  Flexion-­‐  Flexors    

(medial)(Golf)  

Ê  Extension-­‐  Extenders  (lateral)  (Tennis)  

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Muscles  and  Motions  

Ê  Hip  Ê  Flexor-­‐  Quadricep  and  Psoas  

Ê  Extensor-­‐  Gluteus  Maximus  

Psoas  

Quadriceps  

Gluteus  Maximus  

Muscles  and  Motions  

Ê  Knee  Ê  Extensor-­‐  Quadriceps  

Ê  Flexor-­‐  Hamstrings  

Quadriceps  Hamstrings  

Patellar  Tendon  

Muscles  and  Motions  

Ê  Ankle  Ê  Plantar  Flexor-­‐  Gastrocnemius  (Achilles  Tendon)  

Ê  Dorsi-­‐Flexion-­‐    Tibialis  Anterior  

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Muscles  and  Motions  

Ê  Diaphragm  Ê  Major  muscle  of  respiration  

Ê  Separates  chest  from  abdomen  

Ê  “Stitch”  from  running  

Ê  Hiatal  hernia  

Smooth  and  Cardiac  Muscle  

Ê  Smooth  Ê  Involuntary  Ê  Internal  organs  

Ê  Cardiac  Ê  Involuntary  Ê  Only  in  the  heart  

Ê  Unique  in  the  way  it  conducts  electricity  

Review  

Ê  Bowling-­‐  shoulder  motions  

Ê  Pull  downs  at  the  gym  

Ê  Situp  

Ê  Kicking  a  football  

Ê  Throwing  a  baseball  (complex)  

Ê  Curls  at  the  gym  

Ê  Pushup