muscular system: functions · 2019-12-05 · circulatory system heartbeat •cardiac muscle found...

Characteristics and

Functions of the Muscular

SystemAnatomy and Physiology

Mrs. Christy Cook, R.T. (R)

Bell Work Day 1

• What body systems have we discussed

already relate to the muscular system?

How?

• Write the new standard in your notes (14).

1.05 Understand the functions and

disorders of the muscular system

2

Standards

• 14) Classify the three categories of muscle

fibers, differentiating between cells and tissue.

Draw evidence from informational texts to

explain the locations, behavioral properties, and

functional roles unique to each category. Draw

on knowledge of biological processes, such as

the body’s conversion of ATP into energy, to

illustrate phenomena such as muscle fatigue.



3

Objectives

• Describe the characteristics and functions of

muscle tissue by creating a crossword puzzle.

• Illustrate the phenomena of muscle fatigue and

explain the use of ATP through a lab activity.



4

Characteristics of Muscles

Contractibility

Excitability

Extensibility

Elasticity



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(1) Contractibility



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The ability to shorten

and reduce the

distance between the

parts

Example: flexing a muscle


Contractibility

Myoneural stimulation

+

contraction of muscle proteins

=

movement and heat



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(2) Excitability

• Ability to respond to

stimuli by producing

electrical signals.



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(3) Extensibility-

-The ability to be stretched

-The ability to lengthen (stretch) and increase

the distance between two parts

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system9


(4) Elasticity

• the ability of an object to

resume its normal “original”

shape after being stretched

• the ability to return to original

length when relaxing


Characteristics of Muscles• The human body has 656 muscles…327 antagonistic pairs.

• Prime mover- produces movement in a single direction

• Antagonist- produces movement in the opposite direction.

• What two muscles are NOT paired,

but essentially function separate and alone? 11


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Muscle Tone

Muscles always in a state of partial contraction.

Muscles should always be slightly contracted and ready to pull.

Achieve muscle tone through proper nutrition and regular exercise.

• The suffix “trophy” means growth, development, or nourishment.

• What does atrophy mean? Hypertrophy?

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the

muscular system

13

Muscle Tone

Case study:

John just got a cast off his leg. His calf muscle on the affected leg is 1” smaller in diameter than his other calf muscle.

• What has happened?

• What might be the cause?



14

Muscle ToneExercise & Training

Improve coordination

Improve cardiac/respiratory system

Elimination/reduction of excess fat

Improve joint movement

Promote “gut” health

Exercising for prolong periods without adequate rest would cause a buildup of lactic acid…

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular

system

15

Think.Pair.Share.

• Research the following:

• Lactic acid

• Oxygen debt

• Glucose

• https://www.livestrong.com/article/376532-muscle-

fatigue-soreness-from-lactic-acid/

• Which organ changes the lactic acid to glucose?



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https://www.livestrong.com/article/376532-muscle-fatigue-soreness-from-lactic-acid/

Muscle Fatigue

– Occurs following a period of sustained

activity

– Caused by accumulation of lactic acid

in the muscle

– Temporary burning…

– Let’s try some “cherry-pickers”!!



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Fatigue means

extreme

tiredness, lack

of energy

Functions of the

Muscular System

1. Movement

2. Form and shape (posture)

3. Heat (temperature)

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 18

1. Movement:

Skeletal Muscle

• These are actually attached to BONE.

• Multinucleated cell bundles or fibers.

• Contract quickly, fatigue easily, cannot contract long.

• Receptors in muscles provide the brain with

information about body position and movement.

• The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle.



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Are these muscles

voluntary or involuntary?

Movement:

Smooth MuscleDigestive System;

Uterus; and Blood Vessels

• Smooth (visceral/organ)

muscles help push food

along the length of the

digestive system.

• Acts slowly, contracts for a

long time, doesn’t tire easy.

• What is that movement

called?


Movement:

Cardiac MuscleCirculatory System

Heartbeat

• Cardiac muscle found only in the heart.

• Responsible for pumping blood throughout the

body. Cells are fused together.

• When one contracts,

all contract.

• Is this voluntary

or involuntary?



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Comparison of muscle types.



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2. Posture• How does the muscular system affect

posture?

• What are causes for slouching?1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

23

Form and Shape• Did you know that

nearly HALF of our

body weight comes

from muscle tissue.

• Just because one

person is bigger or

taller than another,

does that mean he/she

is stronger than the

other? How do I

know? 1.05 Understand the functions and


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Posture, Form, Shape

• Is it common for patients in long-term care

or bed-ridden individuals to lose a lot of

weight?

• Is it common for these people to become

fully contracted and lose flexibility?

• How important is it for these people to

have physical therapy or range of motion

(ROM) exercises on a regular basis?



25

3. Body Heat

A cold environment forces the body to work

harder to maintain its temperature. Whenever

temperatures drop below normal and wind

speed increases, heat can leave your body

more rapidly.



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Body HeatExercise


disorders of the muscular system 27

Your body heats up when you exercise, and it will show

on your skin. Your skin feels hotter to the touch and may

look flushed, and you sweat. Although those things let

you know how much heat your body is giving off, they

are actually the ways that the body cools itself.

What body system relates to this function?

Activity with a partner!

• Turn to page 134 in your small A&P

books.

• Complete the Muscle Fatigue lab activity.

• Make sure to record your answers as

instructed.

• Once you are done, research and write a

one paragraph summary of the function of

“ATP” in the muscular system.



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Individual Activity

• Create a crossword puzzle using the

descriptions of the following terminology:

• Movement Posture Temperature

• Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

• Muscle fatigue Muscle tone

• Atrophy Hypertrophy

• Contractibility Excitability

• Extensibility Elasticity



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Bell Work Day 2: Muscle Math!!!

• Round answers to nearest whole number.

• 1. What percentage of muscle weight would you have if 60

pounds out of 140 pounds is muscle weight?

• 2. If you know out of 140 lbs., 60 lbs. is muscle weight, what

is the muscle weight of a 200 lb. male?

• 3. What would the muscle weight be on an 80 lb. female?

• 4. If muscle weight is 90 lbs., how much does the person

weigh?

• 5. If muscle weight is 45 lbs., how much does the person

weigh?



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Standards

• 14) Classify the three categories of muscle

fibers, differentiating between cells and tissue.

Draw evidence from informational texts to

explain the locations, behavioral properties, and

functional roles unique to each category. Draw

on knowledge of biological processes, such as

the body’s conversion of ATP into energy, to

illustrate phenomena such as muscle fatigue.



31

Objectives

• Explore various diseases and disorders

associated with the muscular system’s

failure to develop or function properly.



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Myopathy

Myo-

-pathy

What does myopathy mean?



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Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a disorder characterized by

widespread musculoskeletal pain

accompanied by fatigue, sleep, and

depression.


In general, treatments

for fibromyalgia include

both medication and

self-care. The emphasis

is on minimizing

symptoms and

improving general

health. No one

treatment works for all

symptoms.

Most common in

women

Hernia

Occurs when an organ protrudes through a weak

muscle.


Common sites for hernias



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Constipation Pregnancy

Some causes of hernias

1.05 Understand the

functions and disorders

of the muscular system

37

Incarcerated hernia (strangulated)

If you aren't able to push the hernia in, the loop of intestine can be trapped

(incarcerated) in the abdominal wall. An incarcerated hernia can lead to a strangulated

hernia, which cuts off the blood supply to your intestine. Surgery is needed to repair

the hernia and restore blood supply to the bowel. A strangulated hernia can be life-

threatening if it isn't treated.

Signs and symptoms of strangulated hernia include:

Nausea, vomiting or both

Fever

Rapid heart rate

Sudden pain that quickly intensifies

A hernia bulge that turns red, purple or dark



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Muscle Spasms or Cramps

(Involuntary hypertonicity)

Sustained contraction of the muscle.

Long periods of exercise or physical labor, particularly in

hot weather, may lead to muscle cramps (overuse). Can

be caused by dehydration or poor circulation. Some

medications and certain medical conditions also may

cause muscle cramps.


Muscular Dystrophy

• The muscular dystrophies

(MD) are a group of more than

30 genetic diseases

characterized by progressive

weakness and degeneration of

the skeletal muscles that

control movement.

• Muscle cells deteriorate.

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

40

Muscular Dystrophy


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There is NO cure.

Only the symptoms are treated.

Lifespan is shortened.

Myasthenia Gravis(autoimmune disorder)

• Myasthenia gravis (my-us-THEE-nee-uh GRAY-vis) is

characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of any of

the muscles under your voluntary control.

• Myasthenia gravis is caused by a breakdown in the

normal communication between nerves and muscles.

• There is no cure for myasthenia gravis, but treatment

can help relieve signs and symptoms.



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Occurs more often in women than in men

Strain• Muscle strain or muscle pull or even a muscle tear

implies damage to a muscle or its attaching

tendons.• Rest the strained muscle and apply ice for the first few days after the injury. Anti-

inflammatory medicines also help reduce pain and swelling. As the pain decreases, you can

use heat on the muscle. Stretching and light exercises to bring blood to the injured area can

also be useful. In general, stretching and warm compresses are helpful before exercises.

Cooling down and icing the area after exercise can help.


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Think “T”

for tear

Tetanus (lockjaw)

• Serious bacterial disease that affects your

nervous system, leading to painful muscle

contractions, particularly of your jaw and neck

muscles. Tetanus can interfere with your

ability to breathe and, ultimately, threaten

your life.


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Enters the body through a puncture wound

The disease can be prevented by receiving

a vaccine called tetanus antitoxoid.

Tetanus

Thanks to the tetanus vaccine, cases of

tetanus are rare in the United States

There is NO CURE!

Group Activity

• Work with a partner to answer the

questions on your worksheet concerning

Muscular Dystrophy.

• You will have to research on the website:

www.mda.org

• Make sure to answer all the questions,

including the case study questions.



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http://www.mda.org/

Individual Activity

• Continue working on your Crossword

Puzzle from yesterday!



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muscular system: functions · 2019-12-05 · circulatory system heartbeat •cardiac muscle found...

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