musculoskeletal disorders part 7 sports injuries
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Maria Carmela L. Domocmat, RN,MSNInstructor
School of NursingNorthern Luzon Adventist CollegeArtacho, Sison, Pangasinan
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Overview
Part 1: Degenerative &Metabolic bone disorders OA
Gout and gouty arthritis
Part 3: Muscular disorders Muscular dystrophy
Rhabdomyolysis
Part : Disorders of the Osteoporosis Pagets dse
Osteomalacia
Part 2: Bone infections Osteomyelitis
Septic arthritis
hand Carpal tunnel syndrome
Dupuytrens contracture
Ganglion
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Overview Part 5: Spinal column
deformities Scoliosis Kyphosis Lordosis
Corn Callus Ingrown Nail Hypertrophic Ungual Labium
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)
Part 6 : Disorders of foot Hallux valgus (bunions) Mortons neuroma (plantar
neuroma) Hammer toe Tarsal tunnel syndrome Plantar Fasciitis
Part 7: Sports Injuries Sprain Strain Tennis elbow Impingement and rotator cuff
tears Knee injuries (ACL injury,
meniscal injury, overusesyndrome)
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Sports Injuries
Sprain Strain
Tennis elbow
mp ngemen an ro a or cu ears Knee injuries (ACL injury, meniscal injury, overuse
syndrome)
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Sprain A sprain is a stretched or torn ligament.
Ligaments are tissues that connect bones at a joint. Falling, twisting, or gettinghit can all cause a sprain.
Ankle and wrist sprains are common. Symptoms include pain, swelling,bruising and being unable to move your joint. You might feel a pop or tearwhen the injury happens.
strain is a stretched or torn muscle or tendon. Tendons are tissues thatconnect muscle to bone. Twisting or pulling these tissues can cause a strain.Strains can happen suddenly or develop over time. Back and hamstring musclestrains are common. Many people get strains playing sports. Symptoms includepain, muscle spasms, swelling and trouble moving the muscle.
At first, treatment of both sprains and strains usually involves resting the
injured area, icing it, wearing a bandage or device that compresses the area,and medicines. Later treatment might include exercise and physical therapy. NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/sprainsandstrains.html
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http://www.mayoclinic.com/images/image_
popup/mcdc7_anklesprain.jpg
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Ankle sprain
An ankle sprain is a common injury to the ankle. The most common way the ankle is injured is when
the ankle is twisted inward (inversion injury).
t t s n ury, gaments t at support t e an e canbe torn which lead to swelling, inflammation, andbruising around the ankle.
An ankle sprain injury may take a few weeks to manymonths to fully heal.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/
imagepages/19577.htm
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The most common way the ankle can be injured is byan ankle sprain.
When an ankle is sprained ligaments on the ankle are, .
The most common type of sprain is an inversioninjury,where the foot is rotated inward.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/
presentations/100209_4.htm
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Ankle sprains can range from mild, to moderate, andsevere.
ype 1 an e spra n s a m spra n. t occurs w en t eligaments have been stretched or torn minimally.
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Type II ankle sprain is a moderate level of sprain. Itoccurs when some of the fibers of the ligaments aretorn completely.
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Type III ankle sprain is the most severe ankle sprain. It occurs when the entire ligament is torn and there is
great instability of the ankle joint.
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Grade III ankle sprain
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Minor injuries like sprains may be treated at home ifbroken bones are not suspected.
The acronym RICE is helpful in remembering how to treatminor injuries:
"R" stands for rest, "I" is for ice,
"C" is for compression,
"E" is for elevation
Pain and swelling should decrease within 48 hours, andgentle movement may be beneficial, but pressure shouldnot be put on a sprained joint until pain is completely gone(one to several weeks). http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/
19396.htm
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Strain
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/
images/ency/fullsize/19618.jpg
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Lateral epicondylitis Epitrochlear bursitis
Tennis elbow
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Lateral epicondylitis inflammation, soreness, or pain on the outside
(lateral) side of the upper arm near the elbow.
There may be a partial tear of the tendon fibers, which.
where these fibers begin, on the outside of the elbow.
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Causes, incidence, and risk factors Tendon - part of the muscle that attaches to a bone
Muscles in forearm attach to the bone on the outsideof elbow.
en t ese musc es are use over an over aga n,small tears develop in the tendon.
Over time, this leads to irritation and pain where thetendon is attached to the bone.
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Causes, incidence, and risk factors common in people who play a lot of tennis or other racquet
sports, hence the name "tennis elbow." Backhand is the most common stroke to cause symptoms.
However, an activit that involves repetitive twisting of
the wrist (like using a screwdriver) can lead to thiscondition.
Common among painters, plumbers, construction workers, cooks, and
butchers are all more likely to develop tennis elbow. This condition may also be due to constant computer
keyboard and mouse use
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Tennis elbow is most commonly seen in two groups ofpeople: Manual Laborers
People who work with their hands are at greater risk ofdeveloping tennis elbow. Jobs that may lead to tennis elbowinclude plumbers, painters, gardeners, and carpenters.
Sports Participants Sports participants, especially racquet sport players, are prone
to developing tennis elbow. About a third of amateur tennisplayers experience tennis elbow at some point in their careers.In addition to racquet sports, tennis elbow is seen in golfers,fencers, and other sports participants.
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Symptoms Elbow pain that gradually worsens
Pain radiating from the outside of the elbow to theforearm and back of the hand when grasping or
Weak grasp
Pain over the outside of the elbow
Pain when lifting objects Pain radiating down the forearm
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Dx diagnosis is made based on signs and symptoms,
because x-rays are usually normal.
Often there will be pain or tenderness when the
upper arm bone, over the outside of the elbow.
pain near the elbow when the wrist is extended (bentbackwards, like revving a motorcycle engine) against
resistance.X-rays are rarely needed.
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Treatment Rest arm
avoid the activity that causes symptoms for at least 2 -3 weeks.
ut ce on t e outs e o e ow 2 - 3 t mes a ay.
NSAIDs ( ibuprofen, naproxen, or aspirin).
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If due to sports activity
Ask about any changes can make in technique.
Check any sports equipment client is using to see if any.
Ask about how often client have been playing andwhether he/she should cut back.
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occupational therapist
can show exercises to stretch and strengthen themuscles of forearm.
It wraps around the first part of forearm and takes someof the pressure off the muscles.
cortisone injection
If the pain continues after 6 - 12 months of rest andtreatment - surgery may be recommended
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Surgical tx debridement of the diseased tissue of the extensor
carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle with decorticationof the lateral epicondyle.
, ,
arthroscopic approaches.
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http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/figures/A00068F01.jpg
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Expectations (prognosis) Most people improve with nonsurgical treatment.
The majority of those who do have surgery show animprovement in symptoms.
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Complications Failure to improve with nonsurgical or surgical
treatment. This may be due to nerve entrapment in theforearm
Rupture of the tendon with repeated steroid injections
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PreventionApply an ice pack to the outside of the elbow
Maintain good strength and f lexibility in the armmuscles and avoid repetitive motions
est t e e ow w en en ng an stra g ten ng arepainful
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http://www.tennis-elbow.net/images/tennis-elbow-cure.gif
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH00
01485/
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n ury
Meniscal Injury
Overuse Syndrome
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Overuse syndrome is a condition where a part of the body is injured by
repeatedly overusing or exerting to much strain on thatbody part.
The term o eruse s ndrome identifies a lar e rou of
conditions that result from using the body in a repetitiousway and causing injury by the amount it is done.
These conditions are often focused on a joint and usuallyaffect the muscle, bone, tendon or bursa of the joint.
However other anatomical features and areas can bestressed and their response to that strain can be an injury.
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Some common examples of overuse syndrome are:
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Tendonitis
Bursitis
Tennis Elbow
Trigger Finger
Blackberry Thumb
Vibration White Finger
Shin Splints Calluses
Bunyan
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BursitisA bursa is a fluid filled sac. They are located around
joints and reduce friction and ease movement astendons or muscles pass over bones or skin.
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