musculoskeletal new
TRANSCRIPT
MUSCULOSKELETALREHABILITATION
By : I MADE WIDAGDA
(PHYSIATRIST)
MUSCULOSKELETAL
A. Upper Limb Musculoskeletal
B. Lower Limb Musculoskeletal
C. Spine - Cervical
- Thoracal
- Lumbar
- Sacral
Structures :
Aphophysis Ligament
Bone Joint
Bursa Muscle
Epiphyseal Plate Tendon
Physical Examination Observation the functional status Try to localize tenderness Swelling Any redness or warm implies Deformities Test and record the range of motion Check distal neurologic
- Strength - Sensation
Of course : x – rays, EMG, myelography CT scanning, bone scanning Blood test.
Pathology : Acute musculoskeletal Chronic musculoskeletal
A. Upper Limb Musculoskeletal
1. Shoulder Anatomy Biomechanic ROM : flexion 1800
extension 600
abduction 1800
adduction 600
internal rotation 900
external rotation 900
Provocative tests :
Disorders : Rotator cup disease Bicipital tendinitis Bicep rupture Adhesive capsulitis
Rehabilitation treatment : Modalities Occupational therapy Proper body mechanic Education
2. Elbow
Anatomy
Biomechanic
ROM : flexion 1350
extension 0 – 50
supination 900
pronation 900
Provocative test :
Disorders
Lateral : lateral epicondylitis, Bone
trauma
Medial : Medial epicondylitis
Posterior : Olecranon bursitis
Tricep tendinitis
3. Wrist & Hand Anatomy
ROM : - Range of motion at the wrist :
Flexion 800
Extension 700
Ulnar Deviation 300
Radial Deviation 200
Range of Motion of the Digits :
Flexion Adduction - MCP : 900 - Finger : 00, return of abduction - PIP : 900 - Thumb : 00, return of abduction - DIP : 900
- Thumb : MCP 500, IP 900
Extension Opposition - MCP : 300 - Thumb : approximation of the- PIP: 00 palmar aspect of the thumb and - DIP : 0-100 fifth digit
- Thumb : MCP 00, IP 200
Abduction Apposition - Finger : 200 - Thumb: approximation between- Thumb : 700 the tumb and other digit not
using the palmar aspect Provocative tests :
Wrist disorders - De Quervain’s tenosynovitis- Acute and occult wrist injuries - Scaphoid injuries - Kien bock disease - Osteoarthritis
Hand disorders - Trigger finger - Dupuytren’s contracture
Rehabilitation treatment - Modalities - Orthotic prostetic - Occupational therapy - Strapping – taping
B. Lower Limb Musculoskeletal 1. HIP
- Anatomy
- Biomechanic
- ROM : Flexion : 1200
Extension : 300
Abduction : 45-500
Adduction : 0 – 300
External Rotation : 350
Internal Rotation : 450
- Gait Analysis :
- Provocative Test :
Hip Disorders : - Piriformis syndrome
- Throchanteric Bursitis
- Ischial Bursitis
- Coxitis
- Hip fracture
2. Specific problem in the thigh
Anterior : - Quadricep Strain
- Quadricep Contusions
- Myositis ossificans traumatica
Medial : - Adductor strain
- Osteitis pubis
Posterior : - Hamstring Strains
Lateral : - Meralgia parestica
Fracture and amputation
3. Knee
- Anatomy - ROM - Provocative test
Disorders of the knee :
Patello femoral pain syndrome
Pes anserinus bursitis
Cruciate, collateral ligament injuries
4. Disorders of the leg Achilles tendinitis Stress fractures, amputation Ankle injuries Foot injuries : - Plantar fasciitis - Calcaneal bursitis
Rehabilitation treatment : - Modalities - Orthotic prosthetic - Strapping – taping
C. Spine Rehabilitation - Cervical Spine - Thoracic Spine - Lumbar Spine - Sacral Spine
Patient Related Factors
Age Muscle strength
Sex Phisical fitness
Anthropometric factors Smoking
Postural factors Psycho social factors
Spine mobility
Function : - Direct vertebral motion - Resist shearing and rotational forces - Wheigh bearing
Cervical Spine - Anatomy - Biomechanic- ROM : - Ante / retrofleksi 45 °- - Latero fleksi 45 °
- Rotasi 50 °- Provocative test : Spurling’s test Compression test
Lumbar spine - Anatomy - Biomechanic - ROM : - retro / antefleksi 30° / 80 °- - Latero fleksi 35 °- - Rotasi 45 °- Provocative test : SLR test
Bowstring test Femoral stretch test
Sitting root test
Disorders : Low Back PainCauses of Low Back Pain
1. Degenerative 8. Musculoskeletal
2. Inflamatory 9. Viscerogenic
3. Infections 10. Vascular
4. Metabolic 11. Psychogenic
5. Neoplastic 12. Post operative
6. Traumatic
7. Congenital
Disc disorders - Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) - Cauda Equina Syndrome - Myelopathy Bone disorders - Spinal stenosis - Spondilolysis - Spondilolisthesis - Scoliosis - Scheuermann’s disease - Compresion fracture
Joint disorders - Facet syndrome - Sacroiliac joint dysfunction/sacroiliitis Soft tissue disorders - Sprain/strain - Myofacial pain syndromes
Other infectious disorders - Vertebral body osteomyelitis
Non organic sources - Malingering
Rehabilitation Treatment - Modalities - Orthotic/Bracing - Educational - Proper Body Mechanic - Psichology
- Home exercise program
Recommended Reading
1. Birnbaum Jacob S. The Musculosekeletal
Manual. 1983
2. Braddom RL. Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation. WB. Saunders. 1996.
3. Cuccurullo Sara. Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation Board Review. Demos Medical
Publishing. 2004.