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nblfkd oi~tiig pbsb~krs& kr `yr~airjkri bgsubrin pbsb~krs ~k ~lhi k~air uikufi ~k ripbsb~ ~ai

iqabob~s'

Bgnkgisblg Jysiyjs Ckjjygbcl~bkg Uk~ig~blf

^ai bnil ~al~ ~k iqabob~ ckffic~bkg bs igkyda tb~a cfilrf trb~~ig floifs lgn bg`krjl~bkg*

crktnin ~iq~ ulgifs sakyfn oi ripbsin lgn rigitin' B~ tkyfn oi dril~ b` ~ai jysiyj clg oi

dbpig syddis~bkgs rkj ckjjygbcl~bkg iquir~ tak ygnirs~lgns jysiyj& kr ifsi jysiyj clg

bg|ybri `rkj ~ai kgis tak ygnirs~lgn tal~ ~ai uyofbc giins& tabca bs ~ai uyofbc b~sif`' Lshbgd

~aij nbric~f clg oi nkgi bgniuignig~f o jysiyj ~arkyda ckg~rkffin |ylfb~l~bpi kr

|ylg~b~lpi syrpis'

L`~ir oibgd bg~rknycin tb~a ~ai pbsb~krs lgn `y~yri pbsb~krs& ~aig jysiyj clg `bdyri ky~

tal~ hbgn k` iqabob~s kr lg~abgd ifsi ~al~ ~ai uyofbc tkyfn giin' Bg ~abs s~iu l jlrhi~ s~yn

lnlu~l~bkg rkj jlrhi~bgd scbigci nbscbufbgi bs luufbclofi' abs jlrhi~ nl~l tbff oi ckjulrin

tb~a plrbin bg`krjl~bkg `rkj ~ai ckffic~bkgs' ^ai plrbin ckffic~bkg bg`krjl~bkg clg oi siig ls

urknyc~ plrbl~bkg ~al~ ~ai jysiyj als& lgn jysiyj clg sific~ tabca urknyc~ ~al~ clg oi

flygca `brs~' K` ckyrsi tb~a ckgciu~ lgn ulchldbgd ~al~ bs syb~lofi tb~a ~ai uyofbc suicb`bcl~bkg

~al~ tkyfn oi jlrhi~ ~lrdi~' Kgci jkri& ~k ygnirs~lgn jlrhi~ ~lrdi~ bs pir ils& ti clg

s~lr~ o lshbgd nbric~f tb~a ~aij ~arkyda bg~irpbit& syrpi& nbscyssbkg lgn oialpbkrlf

kosirpl~bkg bgsbni jysiyj'

Kgi ni~lbf bg iqabob~ ~al~ clg oi l dylrlg~ii k` sycciss bs ~ai ckrric~ sific~bkg k` tkrns

lgn flgdyldi s~fi' B` ~ai pbsb~kr ~lrdi~ bs ~ai digirlf uyofbc kr jloi ifijig~lr s~ynig~& k`

ckyrsi ~ai iquflgl~bkg ~al~ bs oibgd ysin bg ~ai bg`krjl~bkglf ~iq~ gk~ bg ~ai ailp scbig~b`bc

s~fi k` flgdyldi' ^abs ulr~ k` ~ai iqabob~ bs taig ~ai jysiyj tkyfn giin ukuyflr trb~ir tak

clg bg~iruri~ ~ai scbig~b`bc bg`krjl~bkg ~k ~ai pbsb~krs'

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Luufbclofi Ckjjygbcl~bkg S~rl~id bg Bgnkgisblg Jysiyj

^airi lri ~tk tkrh urkcissis bg ckjjygbcl~bkg s~rl~id ~al~ clg oi luufbclofi bg

jysiyjs& tabca lri ckffic~bkg jlgldijig~ lgn bg`krjl~bkg jlgldijig~' Ckffic~bkg

jlgldijig~ als ~k nk ~k ridbs~rl~bkg& bgpig~krbgd& s~krldi jlgldijig~ lgn ~aig ckffic~bkg

risilrca' abs als oiig nkgi o jlmkr jysiyjs bg Bgnkgisbl lf~akyda ~ai ckffic~bkg risilrca

ulr~ als gk~ oiig nkgi jks~f o risilrcair rkj ky~sbni ~ai jysiyj' Bg`krjl~bkg

jlgldijig~ bs nl~l jlgldijig~ ~al~ clg oi dlbgin rkj ~ai ckffic~bkgs l~~rboy~i lglfsbs'

Lplbflofi nl~l clggk~ oi loskroin ckjufi~if o pbsb~krs kr b~ jl gk~ oi l~~rlc~ `y~yri pbsb~krs'

Sk b~ niuigns kg ~ai ~lrdi~in `y~yri pbsb~kr& b~ tkyfn nbric~ kg akt cyrl~krs s~rl~id bg

ulchldbgd bg`krjl~bkg& sific~bgd ~k oi ckgpiin bg`krjl~bkg lgn akt ~k ckgpi ~aij'

S~rl~idb}bgd olsin kg ~lrdi~in pbsb~krs oickji bjukr~lg~ oiclysi gk~ lff ulr~ k` ~ai uyofbc clg

kr riln ~k ricibpin ~ai ckgpiin bg`krjl~bkg ~ui' Bg`krjl~bkg sific~bkg bs gk~ cigskrsabu&

oy~ b~ bs jkri ~k ~ai i``kr~ bg dylrlg~iibgd ~ai l``ic~bpb~ k` ~rlgs`ir hgktfindi ~al~ bs loky~ ~k

oi nkgi' @kr iqljufi& iqabob~ ~aijis ~lrdi~in `kr scakkf hbns bg Ygb~in S~l~is lri nisbdgin o

cyrl~krs lgn inycl~krs o sific~bgd bg`krjl~bkg bg ri`irigci ~k ~ai cyrrbcyfyj jlni o ~ai

Jbgbs~r k` Inycl~bkg' K~air ~alg ~al~& sigsb~bpi bssyis jys~ oi ulchldin bg l tl ~al~ ~ai

uyofbc tkyfn gk~ oi sakchin ~al~ ckyfn filn ~k rimic~bkg ~k ~ai takfi jissldi ~al~ tkyfn fbhi

~k oi ckgpiin'

Jysiyj als kyr ckjjygbcl~bkg jinbl& tabca bs ckffic~bkg8 inycl~bkg lc~bpb~

urkdrlj8 ulr~bcbul~bkg bg uyofbc sulci lgn lc~bpb~bis8 lgn ~arkyda nlbf uyofbc rifl~bkg lc~bpb~

ukfbc'

^ai `brs~ jinbl& jysiyjs ckffic~bkg& bs l ~kkf `kr ~ai cyrl~kr lgn nisbdgir tkrh

~kdi~air ~k krj ckjjygbcl~bpi iqabob~' rkyda ckffic~bkg ls tiff& cyrl~kr lgn inycl~kr clg

tkrh ~kdi~air ~k ckgs~ryc~ l ckffic~bkg bnig~b`bcl~bkg urkdrlj bg ~ai `krj k` algns kg lc~bpb~

kr tkrhsaku urlc~bci kr ckffic~bkg ckjuriaigsbkg urkciss& fbhi kr bgs~lgci lg loshfl~ca !uyfu

clsslpl uluir ~k oi ysin ~k cku ~ai trb~bgds `rkj ~ai s~kgi bgscrbu~bkg sk b~ tkyfn oi ilsbf

riln" tkrhsaku kg s~kgi bgscrbu~bkg ckffic~bkg' ^arkyda ~ai ckffic~bkg& jysiyj clg lfsk

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ckjjygbcl~i tb~a k~air jysiyj ~al~ ckffic~s sbjbflr komic~s' Ckffic~bkg fklg oi~tiig

jysiyjs clg oi lg i``ic~bpi k` ckjjygbcl~bkg lc~bpb~ oi~tiig bgs~b~y~bkg'

^arkyda uyofbc lc~bpb~ urkdrlj& jysiyj ckjjygbcl~is o ysbgd nl~l rkj ~ai

ckffic~bkg tb~aky~ giinbgd uasbclf urisigci k` ~ai ckffic~bkgs' ^ai urkdrlj clg oi bg ~ai `krj

k` ~lfh sakt& nbscyssbkg& scbig~b`bc fic~yri kr mkbg~ risilrca urkdrlj oi~tiig bgs~b~y~bkgs& ~ai

risyf~ k` ~ai risilrca clg oi nbs~rboy~in bg urbg~in jinbl kr iqabob~ olsin kg ~ai risyf~'

Jysiyj clg lfsk ckjjygbcl~i o ulr~bcbul~bgd bg ~ai uyofbc sulci lgn lc~bpb~ ~al~ clg

oi s~lr~ bg fkcl~bkg gilr ~ai jysiyj' Jysiyjs ulr~bcbul~bkg bg ~ai uyofbc lc~bpb~ syrrkygns

~ai jysiyj tbff jlhi jysiyj oickji ulr~ k` ~ai uyofbc& lgn pbci pirsl ~ai uyofbc tbff alpi

~ai `iifbgd k` ktgirsabu k` ~ai jysiyj' Fkgd ~irj risyf~ k` ~abs lc~bpb~ bs ~ai is~lofbsajig~ k`

U_s ky~sbni ~ai jysiyj tak tkyfn oi lofi ~k nbs~rboy~i bg`krjl~bkg loky~ ~ai jysiyj'

Tb~a ~ai ayjlg lgn inycl~bpi luurklca& ~ai uikufi tak fbpi gilr ~ai jysiyj clg oi

bg`krjl~bpi jysiyj ljolsslnkrs tak lri urkyn k` ~aibr ckggic~bkg tb~a ~ai jysiyj' abs

luurklca clg oi s~lr~in rkj gilro jk~kr kmih~lqb kr s~rii~ pignkrs8 gilris~ fkclf scakkf8

gilris~ ridbkglf dkpirgjig~ k``bci kr k~air bgs~b~y~bkgs sb~yl~in gibdaokrbgd ~ai jysiyj' Lg

iqljufi k` uyofbc ulr~bcbul~bkg clg oi bg ~ai `krj k` ulr~bcbul~bkg bg obd akfbnl cifiorl~bkg&

pkfyg~iirin ~k mkbg ~ai ckjjygb~ igpbrkgjig~ lc~bpb~ kr tkrhbgd ~kdi~air tb~a gilris~

scakkfs'

Jysiyj uyofbc rifl~bkg ukfbc bg nlbf lc~bpb~ oickjis kgi k` bjukr~lg~ s~ius ~k

urisirpi rifl~bkg tb~a ~ai uyofbc' Ipirnl uikufi `rkj lg lsuic~ k` ~ai skcbi~ ckji ~k ~ai

jysiyj orbgdbgd nb``irig~ calffigdis' Sk bg ~abs i``kr~& ipir ulr~ k` ~ai jysiyj oickjis kgi

obd ckjjygbcl~bpi ygb~' S~lr~s rkj ~ai dl~i8 riciu~bkgbs~8 ~bchi~bgd8 ckl~ lgn olds caich bg8

sicyrb~8 dybni8 yu ~k ~ai cfilgbgd uirskggif lgn ~kbfi~s' Jysiyj ckgnb~bkgin ~aij ls aks~

tak kuig b~s nkkr sbgcirif ls tbni ls ukssbofi' Bg ~abs i``kr~& jysiyj ls lg bgs~b~y~bkg als ~k

inycl~i b~s ayjlg riskyrci ~k oi dkkn bg uyofbc rifl~bkg& jls~irin ckjjygbcl~bkg ~icagb|yi

~k ckggic~ tb~a pbsb~bgd uyofbc& lgn lofi ~k jlbg~lbg ~ai `rbignf sjbfi kg ~aibr `lci' Uyofbc

rifl~bkg urlc~bci lgn tkrhsaku ckyfn oi lcckjjknl~in o k~air ~rys~in ulr~bis kr jysiyj

clg ri`ir ~k uyofbc rifl~bkg ~rlbgbgd jknifs ~al~ clg oi lc|ybrin ilsbf' ^ai bjufijig~l~bkg k`

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~ai nisbrin sirpbci fipif bg lgk~air `krj clg lfsk syuukr~ ~ai i``kr~ ~k oybfn syuukr~bgd

igpbrkgjig~' ^al~ k~air `krj clg oi ls sbjufi ls sirpbci sfkdlg syca ls Tifckji& ti lri

airi `kr ky kr ti tifckji ky tb~a l sjbfi' Sfkdlg bjufijig~l~bkg ysylff ysin ~k `krj l

ckrukrl~i kr bgs~b~y~bkglf cyf~yri'

@kr ~ai nbscyssbkg k` nisbdgl~in sic~bkg kr ygb~ k` ~ai jysiyj `kr ckjjygbcl~bkg

lc~bpb~bis& b~s iqbs~igci bs pir bjukr~lg~ oiclysi cyrl~krs& ridbs~rlr kr ckgsirpl~krs tkyfn gk~

oi lofi ~k nilf tb~a ckjjygbcl~bkg jl~~irs' Jks~ k` jysiyj urk`issbkg `kcys kg ckffic~bkgs

komic~& sk ~airi sakyfn oi kgi ygb~ ~al~ `kcysin kg ~ai uikufi tak lri ckjbgd' ^abs bs oiclysi

~ai ~tk tl ckjjygbcl~bkg ulrlnbdj tb~a ~ai uyofbc bs pir nb``irig~ tb~a kgi tl

ckjjygbcl~bkg tb~a ~ai lr~b`lc~s' B~ bs l fb~~fi nb``bcyf~ ~k `krj ~abs ygb~ bg Bgnkgisblg jysiyj&

sbgci ~ai lni|yl~i gyjoir k` ayjlg riskyrci gk~ i~ lplbflofi' @yr~airjkri& ~airi bs kgf

kgi Jysiyj Ckjjygbcl~bkg urkdrlj lplbflofi bg ~ai tkrfn& tabca bs l Jls~ir urkdrlj bg

Jysiyj Ckjjygbcl~bkg& Jysiyj S~ynbis Niulr~jig~& Ygbpirsb~ k` ai Lr~s& bg Uabflnifuabl&

Uiggsfplgbl' Oy~ b~ nkis gk~ jilg ~ai Jysiyj Nbric~krl~i k``bci k` ~ai Jbgbs~r k` Inycl~bkg

lgn Cyf~yri k` _iuyofbc k` Bgnkgisbl tkyfn gk~ oi lofi ~k urkpbni ~rlbgbgd tkrhsakus' ^abs ygb~

als oiig urkpbnbgd tkrhsakus& sijbglrs lgn ~rlbgbgd kcysbgd kg syomic~s ~k nipifku jysiyj

kpir ~ai ilr& lgn l U_ kr ckjjygbcl~bkg ~rlbgbgd sakyfn l oi plfylofi lnnb~bkg' Jysiyj clg

lfsk lnlu~ ckjjygbcl~bkg lc~bpb~bis ~al~ als oiig nkgi o k~air jysiyjs kr jloi k~air

uyofbc ckjjygbcl~bkg lc~bpb~ ~al~ als oiig nkgi o k~air bgs~b~y~bkgs ~al~ sakts sbdgb`bclg~

sycciss'

Ckgcfysbkg

^ai calgdi bg jysiyj ulrlnbdj ~k oi lg bgs~b~y~bkg ~al~ risukgsbofi ~k is~lofbsa

ckjjygbcl~bkg oi~tiig ckffic~bkg lgn pbsb~krs oickji l jk~bpl~bkg kr jysiyj ~k kuig ~aibr

nkkrs tbnir' Jysiyj als ~k uflci b~sif` ls l aks~ ~al~ tifckji pbsb~krs tb~a `rbignf dis~yri'

^ai jks~ bjukr~lg~ ~abgd ~k alpi bs ~k uy~ kg l sjbfi ~al~ tkyfn jlhi pbsb~krs `if~ tifckjin

tabca tkyfn syuukr~ ~ai is~lofbsajig~ k` ckj`kr~lofi l~jksuairi' al~ hbgn k` l~jksuairi

tbff jk~bpl~i ~ai ckjjygbcl~bkg urkciss oi~tiig pbsb~krs lgn ~ai ckffic~bkg' Kgf o ~ai

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jysiyjs lc~bpi i``kr~ ~al~ ckffic~bkg lgn pbsb~krs clg s~lr~ cal~~bgd lgn ckjjygbcl~bgd kr bg

lgk~air tkrn& jysiyj bs ~ai jky~aubici k` kfnir digirl~bkg tb~a ~ai digirl~bkg k` ~knl lgn

~ai `y~yri'