music as an art
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What is music?
It is an art that deals with sound.
Just like the visual arts and literature, musicrepresents ones culture and it is primarily one
of the ways of expressing ones thoughts,
beliefs and ideas.
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Indigenous
Classical
Pop
Rock
Standard
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Properties of Musical Sound
Properties Definition
Pitch It refers to the highness or lowness of tone.
Duration The property of sound that depends on the
length of time over which vibration is maintained.
Volume It is the force or percussive effects as a result ofwhich the tone strikes us as being loud or soft.
Timbre or tonecolor
It is the individual quality of the sound producedby other instruments.
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Mediums of Music
Mediums Definition/ Characteristic
Vocal Medium It refers to the human voice which is consideredas the oldest and still the most popular form ofall instruments.
It is the most personal and direct of allinstruments as it comes from within the body.The song projected by the human voice is alsothe most natural form of music.
Instrumental
Medium
It refers to musical instruments that are used in
producing sound.
The 3 main types of musical instruments are: those which are bowed (strings) those which are blown (brasses andwoodwinds) those which are struck (percussion
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The String Instruments
The string instruments, also called stringed instruments,provide the basic orchestral sounds.
They produce tones by means of the vibration of a stretchedstring.
The two main types of string instruments are
Bowed strings (produce tones by means of a bow of horsehairdrawn across the strings and by means of plucking the strings)
Plucked strings (produce tones solely by plucking the strings withyour fingers or with a plectrum)
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Examples of bowed strings
Violin It is the highest
member of the stringsection of theorchestra.
It is universallyadmired for its voice-like quality.
It is also capable ofbrilliance and dramaticeffect thus making itpreeminent in lyric
melody.
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Viola It is slightly larger
than the violin.
Its strings arelonger, thicker andheavier; it is lower inrange.
It is used more forharmony than formelody.
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Violoncello (cello) It is much longer than
the viola.
It is lower in range thanthe viola and the stringsare thicker and heavierthan those of the viola.
Its bow is shorter and
heavier and theinstrument has to beheld between the kneeof a seated performer.
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Double bass(contrabass)
It is the largestmember of the string
family.
It rests upon the floorand the performer
stands to play it.
It is the lowest inrange of the stringgroup.
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Example of plucked strings
The Guitar Family This seems to be the
most popular stringedinstrument.
It varies considerablyin shape and in thenumber of strings, butbasically, it consists ofa finger board withfretsattached to alight wooden bodywith flat top and back.
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The Woodwind Instruments
The woodwind instruments consist of members offour different families:
Flute and piccolo
Oboe and English horn
Clarinet and bass clarinet
Bassoon and contrabassoon
These instruments are blown by the player. Thepitch of the notes are altered by shortening orlengthening the column of air vibrating inside theinstrument.
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Examples of woodwindinstruments Flute
The first instrument ofthe woodwinds in theorder of ceremonies
and a has a naturesomewhat distinctfrom that of otherinstruments of thesection.
It is a cylindrical tubemade of a silver alloyor metal. Its sound is
liquid and cool.
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Piccolo
It is a smaller flutewhich produces the
highest notes in theorchestra.
The tones produces
are piercing andshrill.
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Oboe It is made of wood.
The body is a tubewhich gets wider atthe end.
Because of such, thetone is focused andintense in all registers.
The instrument isassociated withpastoral effects andwith nostalgicmelodies.
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English horn
It is a large oboe.The oboe and the
English horn lookvery much alikeexcept that theEnglish horn is wider
and longer and endsin a pear-shapedbell, which accountsfor its soft, mournful
timbre.
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Clarinet
It is the instrumentthat often takes the
part of the violin inband music.
It has a remarkably
wide rangefromlow to high and fromsoft to loud.
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Bassoon andcontrabassoon These are the tenor
and the bass,respectively, of theoboe family.
Their tone isweighty, thick, andintense. They cancreate a humorouseffect.
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Saxophone It has a single reed
that combines thereed mouthpiece ofa clarinet with acurved conical metaltube.
It blends well witheither the woodwindinstruments or thebrasses.
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The Woodwind Instruments
Bassoon Contrabassoon Saxophone