music of the medieval period ( music 9 ppt )

8/11/2019 Music of the Medieval Period ( Music 9 Ppt )

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MUSIC OF THE MEDIEVAL

PERIOD

( 7001400)


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- Medieval period is also known as theMiddle Ages or Dark Ages that startedwith the fall of the Roman Empire. During

this time, the Christian church influenceEuropes culture and political affairs.

-Monophonic plainchant was named afterPope Gregory I, who made this approvedmusic of the Catholic church. PopeGregorys action made monophonicplainchants popular.


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- Although plainchant music was

originally transmitted orally, scholarsagreed to put it in notation to assist

dissemination of chants across Europe.


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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE

GREGORIAN CHANT MonophonicMusic consisting of a single

melodic line without chordal accompaniment.

Free meterThere is no time signature.

Free from musical time.

Modalis a series of musical notes in a definedorder with specific intervals between each pitch.


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Usually based on Latin liturgy

Use of Nueme Notationsystem of writing

music based on notation.


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* SECULAR MUSICnon- religious music.

Secular music were performed across Europe by a groupof musicians called TROUBADOURS.

CHARACTERISTICS OF TROUBADOUR MUSIC

Usually monophonic

Sometimes with improvised accompaniment

Tells of chivalry and courtly love

Originated in France


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MODES OR CHURCH MODE

IONIANConstructed from the first note of amajor scale. ( C )Pattern of Ionian W-W-H-W-W-W-H.

( CDEFGABC)

DORIANConstructed from the second note ofa major scale. ( D )Pattern of Dorian W-H-W-W-W-H-W

( DEFGABCD)

PHRYGIANConstructed from the third note ofa major scale. ( E )Pattern of Phrygian H-W-W-W-H-W-W

( EFGABCDE)


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LYDIANConstructed from the fourth note of a major

scale. ( F )

Pattern of Lydian W-W-W-H-W-W-H

( FGABCDEF)

MIXOLYDIANConstructed from the fifth note of a

major scale. ( G )

Pattern of Mixolydian W-W-H-W-W-H-W( GABCDEFG)

AEOLIANConstructed from the six note of major

scale. ( A )

Pattern of Aeolian W-H-W-W-H-W-W( ABCDEFGA)


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FAMOUS COMPOSER OF THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Adam de la Halle ( 12371288 )

- He was also known as Adam le Bossu a French-born trouvere, poet and musician. His musicalworks include chansons and Juex-partris ( Poeticdebates) in the style of trouvere, polyphonic rondeland motets in the style of early liturgical polyphony.

- His works include:

- 1. Le Jeu de Robin et de Marion

- 2. La Chanson du rio de Sicile


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MUSIC OF THERENAISSANCE PERIOD

( 14501600 )


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* Renaissance comes from the word

Renaitre which means Rebirth, a secularrebirth for men delighted with life.

* The influence of the Roman Catholic started

to decline as the new music genre arose.

Though sacred music was still of greatimportance, secular music became more

prominent in the renaissance period. This

era was also known as the Acapella Choral

Music


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One of the most important events during the

Renaissance was the invention of printing andpaper in 1450 and also music was an important

part in the lives of the upper and middle

classes.

* Lute was the prominent instrument of the

renaissance era.


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CHARACTERISTICSOFRENAISSANCEMUSIC

Mostly polyphonichaving two or more voices or

parts, each with independent melody.

Imitation of voices is common

Use of word painting and music

Melodic lines move in a flowing manner


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VOCAL MUSIC OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD* Massis a form of sacred musical composition that setstext of the Eucharistic liturgy into music.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MASS* Polyphonic

* Maybe sung in acapella or with orchestral

accompaniment.

* Text may be syllabic ( one note set to each syllable),nuematic ( a few notes set to one syllable), or melismatic (

many notes to one syllable)


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FIVEMAINSECTIONSOFMASS

Kyrie ( Lord Have Mercy)

Gloria ( Glory to God in the Highest)

Credo ( I Believe in One God)Sanctus and Benedictus ( Holy, holy

and Blessed is He)

Agnus Dei ( Lamb of God)


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Madrigala secular vocal polyphonic music compositionwhich originated from Italy

- it is written and expressed in a poetic text and sungduring courtly social gatherings. It is the most important

secular form during the Renassaince Period.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MADRIGAL -Polyphonic

-Sung in Acapella

-Frequently in 3-6 voices


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FAMOUSCOMPOSERSOFTHERENAISSANCE

PERIOD

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina ( 1525Febuary 2, 1594)

Greatestest master of Roman Catholic Church during the

Renaissance period.

Majority of his compositions are sacred music. He was committed to sacred music and has a keen interest in

satisfying the desires of the church leaders in sixteenth

century.


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* He was an organist and choir master at both

Sistine Chapel and St. Peters which may have

influenced his distinctively pure and restrained style

in musical composition.


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The word Baroque is derived from

Portuguese word Barroco which means a

Pearl with irregular shape. Some of the greatcomposers of this time where Friedrich

Handel, Johann Sebastian Bach and Antonio

Vivaldi.

During this time, the arts highlightedgrandiose and elaborate ornamentation.

These were clearly seen in the musical

compositions by baroque composers.


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CHARACTERISTICSOFBAROQUEMUSIC

- Melodies sound elaborate and ornamental

- Melodies are not easy to sing or remember

- Primarily contrapuntal

- Dynamic contrast- Harpsichord and Organ are the keyboard

instruments that are used


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HARPSICHORD CLAVICHORD


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MUSICGENRESOFBAROQUEMUSIC

Concertoa form of orchestral music that employs

a solo instrument accompanied by an orchestra Concerto Grossoa form of orchestral music

during the baroque period where in the music isbetween a small group of solo instrument calledconcertino and the whole orchestra called tutti.

Oratorioa large scale musical composition fororchestra and voices that incorporates narrative onreligious themes. Unlike usual theatrical works, thisis usually performed w/o the used of costumes,

scenery or action and usually written in the nativelanguage for the intended audience.


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JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH

Born: March 21 1685, Germany Died: July 28, 1750

J. S. Bach came from a family of musicians. He was

taught to play violin by his father who was then the town

musician in Eisanach. Bach was a religious man. His personal and deep faith is

shown in his sacred musical works. He was also known

for his compositions for organ, orchestra and oratorio.


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WORKSOFSEBASTIANBACH

Concerto GrossoMasses

Cantatas

FugesWorks for Clavichord and Harpsichord


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ANTONIO LUCIO VIVALDI

Born: Venice, March 4, 1678 Died: July 28, 1741

Antonio Vivaldi, nicknamed Il Prete Rosso The Red

Priest because of his red hair.

He was a Italian Baroque composer, Catholic priest and a

Virtuoso violinist.

Vivaldi is know mainly for composing instrumental

concertos especially for the violin as well as choral works

over forty operas.

Vivaldi is well known for giving the string a major role in

his composition.


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His famous piece is the four seasons. This composition

is a series of four violin concerti depicting each of the

season Spring , Summer, Autumn and Winter.


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GOERGE FRIEDRICH HANDEL

Born: Germany, February 23, 1685

Died: London, April 14, 1759

* George Handel was the second son from the marriage of a

pastor. Despite of his fathers opposition, George secretly

taught himself to play the harpsichord. Handel is remembered for his operas and oratorios.

Handel became Englands favorite composer.

* Handel lost both of his eyesight in 1753 when he conducted

his oratorio, Samson.


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the Messiah is Handels most famous creation and the

very well known Hallelujah chorus is part of Handels

Messiah.

music of the medieval period ( music 9 ppt )

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