MUSIC SET WORKS: AOS1

GCSE REVISION

Handel- And the Glory of the Lord

STRUCTURE

Based on 4 motifs which are weaved together throughout the piece

TONALITY A Major Modulates to E Major twice and B Major once

TEXTUREHomophonic. One instance of monophonic (b.108/9)

TEMPO/RHYTHMAllegro3/4 but some use of Hemiola (gives a feel of 2/4)

DYNAMICSTerraced

INSTRUMENTATIONFull Baroque Orchestra:Oboes, bassoons, trumpets, strings, basso continuo (Cello & organ)

HARMONYCloses with a plagal cadence

VOCALSWritten for a SATB choir

RELEASEDIn 1742

Mozart- Symphony no 40 in G minor

STRUCTURESonata form1) Exposition2) Development3) Recapitulation4) Coda

TONALITYG minor 1st subjectBb major 2nd subject

TEXTUREHomophonic.Polyphonic in development section

DYNAMICSBegins piano, which is unusual for a Classical symphonyTransition is forte all the way through with sfz

INSTRUMENTATION – strings & ww & hornsNo percussion, No trumpets

HARMONYSimple and clear (tonic & dominant) In development chromatic harmonies are usedTEMPO

Molto Allegro

RELEASEDIn 1788

Chopin- Prelude no 15 in D flat Major

STRUCTURETernary form (A B A coda)

TONALITYSECTION A: D flat Major SECTION B: C sharp minor

TEXTUREHomophonicRaindrop motif is doubled in octavesSustain pedal

TEMPOSlow and held backRituendo at end

DYNAMICSSECTION A: p (piano)SECTION B: crescendo and diminuendos used. Builds up to ff (fortissimo).CODA: f (forte) then diminuendos to p (piano)

INSTRUMENTATIONPiano

HARMONYRich harmony usedMelody harmonised in 6ths

RELEASED1838

MUSIC SET WORKS: AOS2

GCSE REVISION

Arnold Schoenberg- Peripetie

STRUCTURE

Free Rondo form

Five sections

TONALITY Atonal (no particular key)

TEXTUREcontrasting and polyphonic

TEMPO/RHYTHMMarked “Sehr rasch” which means very fastRhythm is complicated and fragmented

DYNAMICSWide range of extreme dynamics ranging from pianissimo to fortissimo

INSTRUMENTATIONHUGE Orchestra!Instruments play extremes of pitch

HARMONYDissonance (clashing notes)Hexachords (group of 6 notes) Compliment (6 notes not used in the 1st hexachord)

RELEASEDIn 1909

MELODYKlangfarbenmelodie The piece is gelled together with melodic fragments spread around different instruments Hauptstimme: principal voice (melody)Nebenstimme: secondary voice (melody)

Steve Reich- Electric Counterpoint

STRUCTUREGradually develops in complexity as layers are added

TONALITYE minor &C minor (hint: look at the title, Electric Counterpoint)

TEXTURELayeredRepetitivePolyphonic

DYNAMICSSolo part fades in and out through out the pieceFinishes fortissimo

INSTRUMENTATIONOne live guitarist7 pre-recorded electric guitars and 2 bass guitars

HARMONYIs static and does not change very often

RELEASEDIn 1987

MELODYShort patterns (cells) and riffs in ostinato style

Leonard Bernstein- Something's Coming

STRUCTUREIntroSec ASec BSec B1Sec B2Outro

TONALITYD major

TEXTUREThick texture due to the large orchestraLayered parts

TEMPOAllegro176 bpm

DYNAMICS

Begins softlyForte in bars 21-39

INSTRUMENTATIONTenor solo voiceBig orchestraLots of Latin American instruments used

HARMONYUses tritones to create a sense of impending doom

RELEASED1958

MELODYUses Jazz “blue” notesThe melody is based on the opening riff

MUSIC SET WORKS: AOS3

GCSE REVISION

Miles Davis- All Blues

STRUCTURE

12 Bar Blues

Intro

Head

Solos

Head

outroTONALITY G modal – mixolydian modeAltered chords: D7#9 Eb7#9 (bars 9 & 10)

TEXTUREsimple texture. Mainly homophonic

TEMPO/RHYTHMMarked Moderato6/4 time signatureDYNAMICS

Mostly mf except for some very loud trumpet sections

INSTRUMENTATIONFrontline: Trumpet, Alto Sax, Tenor Sax, Rhythm section: Piano, Double Bass, Drums

TIMBREMellow timbre due to the use of the trumpet mute and ghost notes

RELEASEDIn 1959

MELODYVery lyrical and sparseSolos are IMPROVISED

Jeff Buckley- Grace

STRUCTURE3 verses2 choruses

TONALITYE minor

DYNAMICSThe piece starts quietly The dynamics are increased when more instruments join in.

INSTRUMENTATIONFull rock band including- Electric guitarsBass guitarsDrums

RELEASEDIn 1994

MELODYShort patterns and riffs in ostinato style

VOCALSJeff Buckley sings Falsetto for parts of the piece (as high as a girl)He also uses vibrato and scoops up to up to notes.

TONALITYFm introD linkEm mostly thereafter

TECHNOLOGYOverdubbing, Flanger, EQDelay, Reverb echo

Moby- Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?

STRUCTUREVERSE- “why does my heart feel so bad” sampleCHORUS- “these open doors” sampleDivided into two 8 bar sections

TONALITYA minor

TEXTUREBuilds up as more instruments are added with each section

TEMPO RHYTHM98 bpm4/4 four to the floor)

DYNAMICSModerate throughout

INSTRUMENTATIONSynthesised stringsSub bassKeyboard Made on a Cubase

HARMONYVerse: Am Em G DChorus first time: C C Am Am C C Am AmChorus on loop: F F C C F F C C

RELEASED1999

MELODYSamples taken from 1950’s Gospel music- The Shining Light choir

MUSIC SET WORKS: AOS4

GCSE REVISION

Capercaillie- Skye Waulking Song

STRUCTURE

Strophic verses

2 sections

No chorus

TONALITY E minor and G major

TEXTUREMainly homophonic.Heterophonic in instrumental when uilleann pipes play along with fiddle

TEMPO/RHYTHMSteady and consistent as they worked to the beat. 12/8 DYNAMICS

In the first section the dynamics are pianoIn the second section the dynamics are forte and fade out at the end

INSTRUMENTATIONTrad- flute, fiddle, bouzouki, uilleann pipesModern- drums, electric piano, guitar

TIMBREAll instruments play in their middle range so there are no particularly high or low notes.

RELEASED2000

MELODYSimple and repetitive melody Sung in Scots GaelicBased on a Pentatonic scaleVocables used (nonsense syllables)

Rag Desh

STRUCTUREAlapJorJhalaGat (instrumental)/Bandish (vocal)TONALITYNon-tonal

DYNAMICSImprovised

INSTRUMENTATIONSitar- lead instrumentTambura- backing instrumentTabla- pair of drumsSarod, Sarangi, Bansuri, Shenai, Harmonium

MELODYNo melody- lead instrument improvises on the notes of the raga

RHYTHMRhythm cycle (tala) based on a set number of beats called “matras” and these are divided into groups called “vibhags”The tabla player improvises on the tala

HARMONYHarmony is created by the Tambura playing drone based on two notesThe sitar part with the drone augments the harmony

Koko- Yiri

STRUCTURECall and responseRepetition

TONALITYStrong sense of Gb major tonality

TEXTUREMonophonic (start)Heterophonic (2 balaphones)Polyphonic

TEMPOUnvaried Regular beat

DYNAMICSMaster drummer signals changes in rhythm and dynamics to control the build up and release of tension.

INSTRUMENTATIONDrums: Djembe, Dundun, Donno (talking drum).Bafalon (xylophone)FluteMbira (Thumb piano)Vocals

IDENTIFYING CHARACTERISTICSRhythmic cycles, OstinatosAccents, polyrhythms, cross rhythmsOral tradition

RELEASED1994

MELODYLots of improvisation