music theory in a minute - university of north floridac.chuan/cis4930/music theory in a...
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BILL CARLSON
MUSIC INFORMATICS AND COMPUTING
DR. CHUAN
U.N.F. SPRING 2011
Music Theory in a Minute
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Musical ABCs
Notes are named after the first seven letters of the alphabet.
A,B,C,D,E,F,G,A,B,C,etc..
Each note is referred to as a Pitch.
Going from one C through all of the notes to the next C is an Octave. (i.e. C,D,E,F,G,A,B,C)
All the notes contained between are in the same register.
All musical instruments can produce pitches
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The Piano Keyboard
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The Guitar Neck
Notes are separated by Whole Steps and Half Steps
All natural notes are a Whole Step apart except E-F and B-C
White keys are Natural Notes, not sharp or flat. (i.e. C,D,E,F,G,A,B,C)
Black keys are Accidental Notes (sharp/flat)
Each fret of the guitar is a Half Step
Enharmonic Notes share the same position (i.e. A#/Bb)
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The Grand Staff
The Grand Staff contains two clefs: Bass Clef and Treble Clef
Each Ledger Line represents a Pitch.
Ledger Lines can be added above or below either staff to continue the notes
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The Major Scale
The Major Scale is the foundation of Western MusicThe Major Scale Step Pattern is (W,W,H,W,W,W,H)Each Pitch can be made into a Major ScaleEach note must be represented in the scale There can not be doubles (i.e. A, A#)Major Scales are organized into Circles of 4ths and 5ths
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Intervals
Each pitch in the Major Scale has a name
An Interval is Perfect if the Root Note and the Interval are both in the scale of each note
C-F is a Perfect 4th in the C Scale, F-C is a Perfect 5th in the F Scale
C-G is a Perfect 5th in the C Scale, G-C is a Perfect 4th in the G Scale
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Circle of 4ths and 5ths
Circle of 5ths deals with Sharps
Start on C and move to G the 5th
Fat,Cats,Go,Down,And,
Eat,Birds
Circle of 4ths deals with Flats
Start on C and move to F the 4th
BEAD Goats Can Fly
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Note Values
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Counting Notes
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Counting and Time Signatures
A Time Signature is placed at the beginning of every musical piece
The Top Value tells how many beats per measure
The Bottom Value what type of note recieves one beat
4/4 Traditional Straight Beat
3/4 Ballad
6/8 Waltz
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Triads/Basic Chords
Consist of a Root Note and two Intervals, each a 3rd apart
Major: Root, Maj 3rd, Min 3rd (Major 3rd is 2 steps, Minor 3rd is 1.5 steps)
Minor: Root, Min 3rd, Maj 3rd
Diminished: Root, Min 3rd, Min 3rd
Augmented: Root, Maj 3r, Maj 3rd
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Relative Minor Scale
Every Major Scale has a Relative Minor Scale
It is the based on the Major 6th
The Relative Minor will have the exact same notes/key as the Major Scale
The Major Scale can be turned into the Parallel Minor flatting
the 3rd, 6th & 7th pitches
The Major and Relative Minor Scales are interchangeable
but the Major and Parallel ARE NOT!!
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Diatonic Triads
Every tone in the Major Scale makes a Triad or Chord
I, IV, V are always MAJOR
ii, iii, vi are always MINOR
vii is half-diminished
The chords are the same in the
relative minor as the major,
the order is changed
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7th Chords
7th Chords are extensions of Triads
The 7th pitch from the Root is added to the triad
The 7th is in the same scale as the I chord